The bare metal decompressor code was never really intended to run in a
hosted environment such as the EFI boot services, and does a few things
that are problematic in the context of EFI boot now that the logo
requirements are getting tighter.
In particular, the decompressor moves its own executable image around in
memory, and relies on demand paging to populate the identity mappings,
and these things are difficult to support in a context where memory is
not permitted to be mapped writable and executable at the same time or,
at the very least, is mapped non-executable by default, and needs
special treatment for this restriction to be lifted.
Since EFI already maps all of memory 1:1, it is unnecessary to create
new page tables or handle page faults when decompressing the kernel.
That means there is also no need to replace the special exception
handlers for SEV. Generally, there is little need to do anything that
the decompressor does beyond
- initialize SEV encryption, if needed,
- perform the 4/5 level paging switch, if needed,
- decompress the kernel
- relocate the kernel
So do all of this from the EFI stub code, and avoid the bare metal
decompressor altogether.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <[email protected]>
---
arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile | 5 +
arch/x86/boot/compressed/efi_mixed.S | 55 -------
arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S | 13 --
arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S | 27 ----
arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h | 7 +-
arch/x86/include/asm/sev.h | 2 +
drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/x86-stub.c | 166 +++++++++-----------
7 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 191 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
index 40d2ff503079e594..71fc531b95b4eede 100644
--- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/Makefile
@@ -74,6 +74,11 @@ LDFLAGS_vmlinux += -z noexecstack
ifeq ($(CONFIG_LD_IS_BFD),y)
LDFLAGS_vmlinux += $(call ld-option,--no-warn-rwx-segments)
endif
+ifeq ($(CONFIG_EFI_STUB),y)
+# ensure that the static EFI stub library will be pulled in, even if it is
+# never referenced explicitly from the startup code
+LDFLAGS_vmlinux += -u efi_pe_entry
+endif
LDFLAGS_vmlinux += -T
hostprogs := mkpiggy
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/efi_mixed.S b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/efi_mixed.S
index 8a02a151806df14c..f4e22ef774ab6b4a 100644
--- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/efi_mixed.S
+++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/efi_mixed.S
@@ -269,10 +269,6 @@ SYM_FUNC_START_LOCAL(efi32_entry)
jmp startup_32
SYM_FUNC_END(efi32_entry)
-#define ST32_boottime 60 // offsetof(efi_system_table_32_t, boottime)
-#define BS32_handle_protocol 88 // offsetof(efi_boot_services_32_t, handle_protocol)
-#define LI32_image_base 32 // offsetof(efi_loaded_image_32_t, image_base)
-
/*
* efi_status_t efi32_pe_entry(efi_handle_t image_handle,
* efi_system_table_32_t *sys_table)
@@ -280,8 +276,6 @@ SYM_FUNC_END(efi32_entry)
SYM_FUNC_START(efi32_pe_entry)
pushl %ebp
movl %esp, %ebp
- pushl %eax // dummy push to allocate loaded_image
-
pushl %ebx // save callee-save registers
pushl %edi
@@ -290,48 +284,8 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(efi32_pe_entry)
movl $0x80000003, %eax // EFI_UNSUPPORTED
jnz 2f
- call 1f
-1: pop %ebx
-
- /* Get the loaded image protocol pointer from the image handle */
- leal -4(%ebp), %eax
- pushl %eax // &loaded_image
- leal (loaded_image_proto - 1b)(%ebx), %eax
- pushl %eax // pass the GUID address
- pushl 8(%ebp) // pass the image handle
-
- /*
- * Note the alignment of the stack frame.
- * sys_table
- * handle <-- 16-byte aligned on entry by ABI
- * return address
- * frame pointer
- * loaded_image <-- local variable
- * saved %ebx <-- 16-byte aligned here
- * saved %edi
- * &loaded_image
- * &loaded_image_proto
- * handle <-- 16-byte aligned for call to handle_protocol
- */
-
- movl 12(%ebp), %eax // sys_table
- movl ST32_boottime(%eax), %eax // sys_table->boottime
- call *BS32_handle_protocol(%eax) // sys_table->boottime->handle_protocol
- addl $12, %esp // restore argument space
- testl %eax, %eax
- jnz 2f
-
movl 8(%ebp), %ecx // image_handle
movl 12(%ebp), %edx // sys_table
- movl -4(%ebp), %esi // loaded_image
- movl LI32_image_base(%esi), %esi // loaded_image->image_base
- leal (startup_32 - 1b)(%ebx), %ebp // runtime address of startup_32
- /*
- * We need to set the image_offset variable here since startup_32() will
- * use it before we get to the 64-bit efi_pe_entry() in C code.
- */
- subl %esi, %ebp // calculate image_offset
- movl %ebp, (image_offset - 1b)(%ebx) // save image_offset
xorl %esi, %esi
jmp efi32_entry // pass %ecx, %edx, %esi
// no other registers remain live
@@ -350,15 +304,6 @@ SYM_FUNC_START_NOALIGN(efi64_stub_entry)
SYM_FUNC_END(efi64_stub_entry)
#endif
- .section ".rodata"
- /* EFI loaded image protocol GUID */
- .balign 4
-SYM_DATA_START_LOCAL(loaded_image_proto)
- .long 0x5b1b31a1
- .word 0x9562, 0x11d2
- .byte 0x8e, 0x3f, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x69, 0x72, 0x3b
-SYM_DATA_END(loaded_image_proto)
-
.data
.balign 8
SYM_DATA_START_LOCAL(efi32_boot_gdt)
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S
index beee858058df4403..cd9587fcd5084f22 100644
--- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S
+++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_32.S
@@ -84,19 +84,6 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(startup_32)
#ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
leal startup_32@GOTOFF(%edx), %ebx
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_EFI_STUB
-/*
- * If we were loaded via the EFI LoadImage service, startup_32() will be at an
- * offset to the start of the space allocated for the image. efi_pe_entry() will
- * set up image_offset to tell us where the image actually starts, so that we
- * can use the full available buffer.
- * image_offset = startup_32 - image_base
- * Otherwise image_offset will be zero and has no effect on the calculations.
- */
- subl image_offset@GOTOFF(%edx), %ebx
-#endif
-
movl BP_kernel_alignment(%esi), %eax
decl %eax
addl %eax, %ebx
diff --git a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S
index a9237e48f2f7cfd5..f8630588042e38d3 100644
--- a/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S
+++ b/arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S
@@ -146,19 +146,6 @@ SYM_FUNC_START(startup_32)
#ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
movl %ebp, %ebx
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_EFI_STUB
-/*
- * If we were loaded via the EFI LoadImage service, startup_32 will be at an
- * offset to the start of the space allocated for the image. efi_pe_entry will
- * set up image_offset to tell us where the image actually starts, so that we
- * can use the full available buffer.
- * image_offset = startup_32 - image_base
- * Otherwise image_offset will be zero and has no effect on the calculations.
- */
- subl rva(image_offset)(%ebp), %ebx
-#endif
-
movl BP_kernel_alignment(%esi), %eax
decl %eax
addl %eax, %ebx
@@ -335,20 +322,6 @@ SYM_CODE_START(startup_64)
/* Start with the delta to where the kernel will run at. */
#ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
leaq startup_32(%rip) /* - $startup_32 */, %rbp
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_EFI_STUB
-/*
- * If we were loaded via the EFI LoadImage service, startup_32 will be at an
- * offset to the start of the space allocated for the image. efi_pe_entry will
- * set up image_offset to tell us where the image actually starts, so that we
- * can use the full available buffer.
- * image_offset = startup_32 - image_base
- * Otherwise image_offset will be zero and has no effect on the calculations.
- */
- movl image_offset(%rip), %eax
- subq %rax, %rbp
-#endif
-
movl BP_kernel_alignment(%rsi), %eax
decl %eax
addq %rax, %rbp
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
index 8b4be7cecdb8eb73..b0994ae3bc23f84d 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/efi.h
@@ -90,6 +90,8 @@ static inline void efi_fpu_end(void)
}
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
+#define EFI_X86_KERNEL_ALLOC_LIMIT (SZ_512M - 1)
+
#define arch_efi_call_virt_setup() \
({ \
efi_fpu_begin(); \
@@ -103,8 +105,7 @@ static inline void efi_fpu_end(void)
})
#else /* !CONFIG_X86_32 */
-
-#define EFI_LOADER_SIGNATURE "EL64"
+#define EFI_X86_KERNEL_ALLOC_LIMIT EFI_ALLOC_LIMIT
extern asmlinkage u64 __efi_call(void *fp, ...);
@@ -218,6 +219,8 @@ efi_status_t efi_set_virtual_address_map(unsigned long memory_map_size,
#ifdef CONFIG_EFI_MIXED
+#define EFI_ALLOC_LIMIT (efi_is_64bit() ? ULONG_MAX : U32_MAX)
+
#define ARCH_HAS_EFISTUB_WRAPPERS
static inline bool efi_is_64bit(void)
diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/sev.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/sev.h
index b97d239e18ea25fc..5b4a1ce3d36808b4 100644
--- a/arch/x86/include/asm/sev.h
+++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/sev.h
@@ -164,6 +164,7 @@ static __always_inline void sev_es_nmi_complete(void)
__sev_es_nmi_complete();
}
extern int __init sev_es_efi_map_ghcbs(pgd_t *pgd);
+extern void sev_enable(struct boot_params *bp);
static inline int rmpadjust(unsigned long vaddr, bool rmp_psize, unsigned long attrs)
{
@@ -218,6 +219,7 @@ static inline void sev_es_ist_exit(void) { }
static inline int sev_es_setup_ap_jump_table(struct real_mode_header *rmh) { return 0; }
static inline void sev_es_nmi_complete(void) { }
static inline int sev_es_efi_map_ghcbs(pgd_t *pgd) { return 0; }
+static inline void sev_enable(struct boot_params *bp) { }
static inline int pvalidate(unsigned long vaddr, bool rmp_psize, bool validate) { return 0; }
static inline int rmpadjust(unsigned long vaddr, bool rmp_psize, unsigned long attrs) { return 0; }
static inline void setup_ghcb(void) { }
diff --git a/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/x86-stub.c b/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/x86-stub.c
index 3681700702126615..e976288728e975f1 100644
--- a/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/x86-stub.c
+++ b/drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/x86-stub.c
@@ -15,17 +15,14 @@
#include <asm/setup.h>
#include <asm/desc.h>
#include <asm/boot.h>
+#include <asm/kaslr.h>
#include <asm/sev.h>
#include "efistub.h"
#include "x86-stub.h"
-/* Maximum physical address for 64-bit kernel with 4-level paging */
-#define MAXMEM_X86_64_4LEVEL (1ull << 46)
-
const efi_system_table_t *efi_system_table;
const efi_dxe_services_table_t *efi_dxe_table;
-u32 image_offset __section(".data");
static efi_loaded_image_t *image = NULL;
static efi_memory_attribute_protocol_t *memattr;
@@ -287,28 +284,6 @@ void efi_adjust_memory_range_protection(unsigned long start,
}
}
-extern const char startup_32[], startup_64[];
-
-static void
-setup_memory_protection(unsigned long image_base, unsigned long image_size)
-{
-#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
- if (image_base != (unsigned long)startup_32)
- efi_adjust_memory_range_protection(image_base, image_size);
-#else
- /*
- * Clear protection flags on a whole range of possible
- * addresses used for KASLR. We don't need to do that
- * on x86_64, since KASLR/extraction is performed after
- * dedicated identity page tables are built and we only
- * need to remove possible protection on relocated image
- * itself disregarding further relocations.
- */
- efi_adjust_memory_range_protection(LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR,
- KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE - LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR);
-#endif
-}
-
static void setup_unaccepted_memory(void)
{
efi_guid_t mem_acceptance_proto = OVMF_SEV_MEMORY_ACCEPTANCE_PROTOCOL_GUID;
@@ -334,9 +309,7 @@ static void setup_unaccepted_memory(void)
static const efi_char16_t apple[] = L"Apple";
-static void setup_quirks(struct boot_params *boot_params,
- unsigned long image_base,
- unsigned long image_size)
+static void setup_quirks(struct boot_params *boot_params)
{
efi_char16_t *fw_vendor = (efi_char16_t *)(unsigned long)
efi_table_attr(efi_system_table, fw_vendor);
@@ -345,9 +318,6 @@ static void setup_quirks(struct boot_params *boot_params,
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_APPLE_PROPERTIES))
retrieve_apple_device_properties(boot_params);
}
-
- if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI_DXE_MEM_ATTRIBUTES))
- setup_memory_protection(image_base, image_size);
}
/*
@@ -500,7 +470,6 @@ efi_status_t __efiapi efi_pe_entry(efi_handle_t handle,
}
image_base = efi_table_attr(image, image_base);
- image_offset = (void *)startup_32 - image_base;
status = efi_allocate_pages(sizeof(struct boot_params),
(unsigned long *)&boot_params, ULONG_MAX);
@@ -804,6 +773,61 @@ static bool have_unsupported_snp_features(void)
return false;
}
+static void efi_get_seed(void *seed, int size)
+{
+ efi_get_random_bytes(size, seed);
+
+ /*
+ * This only updates seed[0] when running on 32-bit, but in that case,
+ * seed[1] is not used anyway, as there is no virtual KASLR on 32-bit.
+ */
+ *(unsigned long *)seed ^= kaslr_get_random_long("EFI");
+}
+
+static void error(char *str)
+{
+ efi_warn("Decompression failed: %s\n", str);
+}
+
+static efi_status_t efi_decompress_kernel(unsigned long *kernel_entry)
+{
+ unsigned long virt_addr = LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR;
+ unsigned long addr, alloc_size, entry;
+ efi_status_t status;
+ u32 seed[2] = {};
+
+ /* determine the required size of the allocation */
+ alloc_size = ALIGN(max_t(unsigned long, output_len, kernel_total_size),
+ MIN_KERNEL_ALIGN);
+
+ if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE) && !efi_nokaslr) {
+ u64 range = KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE - LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR - kernel_total_size;
+
+ efi_get_seed(seed, sizeof(seed));
+
+ virt_addr += (range * seed[1]) >> 32;
+ virt_addr &= ~(CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN - 1);
+ }
+
+ status = efi_random_alloc(alloc_size, CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN, &addr,
+ seed[0], EFI_LOADER_CODE,
+ EFI_X86_KERNEL_ALLOC_LIMIT);
+ if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
+ return status;
+
+ entry = decompress_kernel((void *)addr, virt_addr, error);
+ if (entry == ULONG_MAX) {
+ efi_free(alloc_size, addr);
+ return EFI_LOAD_ERROR;
+ }
+
+ *kernel_entry = addr + entry;
+
+ efi_adjust_memory_range_protection(addr, kernel_total_size);
+
+ return EFI_SUCCESS;
+}
+
static void __noreturn enter_kernel(unsigned long kernel_addr,
struct boot_params *boot_params)
{
@@ -823,10 +847,9 @@ void __noreturn efi_stub_entry(efi_handle_t handle,
struct boot_params *boot_params)
{
efi_guid_t guid = EFI_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTE_PROTOCOL_GUID;
- unsigned long bzimage_addr = (unsigned long)startup_32;
- unsigned long buffer_start, buffer_end;
struct setup_header *hdr = &boot_params->hdr;
const struct linux_efi_initrd *initrd = NULL;
+ unsigned long kernel_entry;
efi_status_t status;
efi_system_table = sys_table_arg;
@@ -855,60 +878,6 @@ void __noreturn efi_stub_entry(efi_handle_t handle,
goto fail;
}
- /*
- * If the kernel isn't already loaded at a suitable address,
- * relocate it.
- *
- * It must be loaded above LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR.
- *
- * The maximum address for 64-bit is 1 << 46 for 4-level paging. This
- * is defined as the macro MAXMEM, but unfortunately that is not a
- * compile-time constant if 5-level paging is configured, so we instead
- * define our own macro for use here.
- *
- * For 32-bit, the maximum address is complicated to figure out, for
- * now use KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE, which will be 512MiB, the same as what
- * KASLR uses.
- *
- * Also relocate it if image_offset is zero, i.e. the kernel wasn't
- * loaded by LoadImage, but rather by a bootloader that called the
- * handover entry. The reason we must always relocate in this case is
- * to handle the case of systemd-boot booting a unified kernel image,
- * which is a PE executable that contains the bzImage and an initrd as
- * COFF sections. The initrd section is placed after the bzImage
- * without ensuring that there are at least init_size bytes available
- * for the bzImage, and thus the compressed kernel's startup code may
- * overwrite the initrd unless it is moved out of the way.
- */
-
- buffer_start = ALIGN(bzimage_addr - image_offset,
- hdr->kernel_alignment);
- buffer_end = buffer_start + hdr->init_size;
-
- if ((buffer_start < LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR) ||
- (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_32) && buffer_end > KERNEL_IMAGE_SIZE) ||
- (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64) && buffer_end > MAXMEM_X86_64_4LEVEL) ||
- (image_offset == 0)) {
- extern char _bss[];
-
- status = efi_relocate_kernel(&bzimage_addr,
- (unsigned long)_bss - bzimage_addr,
- hdr->init_size,
- hdr->pref_address,
- hdr->kernel_alignment,
- LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR);
- if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
- efi_err("efi_relocate_kernel() failed!\n");
- goto fail;
- }
- /*
- * Now that we've copied the kernel elsewhere, we no longer
- * have a set up block before startup_32(), so reset image_offset
- * to zero in case it was set earlier.
- */
- image_offset = 0;
- }
-
#ifdef CONFIG_CMDLINE_BOOL
status = efi_parse_options(CONFIG_CMDLINE);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
@@ -926,6 +895,12 @@ void __noreturn efi_stub_entry(efi_handle_t handle,
}
}
+ status = efi_decompress_kernel(&kernel_entry);
+ if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
+ efi_err("Failed to decompress kernel\n");
+ goto fail;
+ }
+
/*
* At this point, an initrd may already have been loaded by the
* bootloader and passed via bootparams. We permit an initrd loaded
@@ -965,7 +940,7 @@ void __noreturn efi_stub_entry(efi_handle_t handle,
setup_efi_pci(boot_params);
- setup_quirks(boot_params, bzimage_addr, buffer_end - buffer_start);
+ setup_quirks(boot_params);
setup_unaccepted_memory();
@@ -975,12 +950,15 @@ void __noreturn efi_stub_entry(efi_handle_t handle,
goto fail;
}
+ /*
+ * Call the SEV init code while still running with the firmware's
+ * GDT/IDT, so #VC exceptions will be handled by EFI.
+ */
+ sev_enable(boot_params);
+
efi_5level_switch();
- if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64))
- bzimage_addr += startup_64 - startup_32;
-
- enter_kernel(bzimage_addr, boot_params);
+ enter_kernel(kernel_entry, boot_params);
fail:
efi_err("efi_stub_entry() failed!\n");
--
2.39.2
On Fri, Jul 28, 2023 at 11:09:16AM +0200, Ard Biesheuvel wrote:
> The bare metal decompressor code was never really intended to run in a
> hosted environment such as the EFI boot services, and does a few things
> that are problematic in the context of EFI boot now that the logo
> requirements are getting tighter.
Please spend a sentence or two explaining those. After some time has
passed, no one will remember what that tightening of the requirements
was.
So yeah, other than those minor nitpicks, I like the thing, all in all.
Pls send v8 so that I can run it here on my machines. A git branch would
be cool too.
As to merging this, I presume you want it to go through tip?
Thx.
--
Regards/Gruss,
Boris.
https://people.kernel.org/tglx/notes-about-netiquette
On Wed, 2 Aug 2023 at 12:26, Borislav Petkov <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> On Fri, Jul 28, 2023 at 11:09:16AM +0200, Ard Biesheuvel wrote:
> > The bare metal decompressor code was never really intended to run in a
> > hosted environment such as the EFI boot services, and does a few things
> > that are problematic in the context of EFI boot now that the logo
> > requirements are getting tighter.
>
> Please spend a sentence or two explaining those. After some time has
> passed, no one will remember what that tightening of the requirements
> was.
>
OK. The next paragraph already covers this to some extent, but i'll
add some more prose here to clarify it further.
> So yeah, other than those minor nitpicks, I like the thing, all in all.
>
Good.
> Pls send v8 so that I can run it here on my machines. A git branch would
> be cool too.
>
OK
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ardb/linux.git/log/?h=x86-efistub-cleanup-v8
I'll prepare the v8 based on this branch after doing some more tests
on bare metal. I'll probably send it out later today.
> As to merging this, I presume you want it to go through tip?
>
It depends on the timing. If we take the whole thing now, it should
ideally go through -tip.
There is a conflict with the kexec sev patch you just suggested on the
list, though. I'll rebase onto that in any case, but if that causes
any problems, we might decide to take everything except the last two
(or three *) patches now, and defer those for later.
* 'efi/libstub: Add limit argument to efi_random_alloc()' may conflict
with some changes that may arrive via the RISC-V tree. That patch is
completely independent, so perhaps I should put it on a shared stable
branch in the EFI tree. Or alternatively, depending on how you decide
to organize the branches, you could put it at the beginning of the
topic branch where the RISC-V tree can merge it in.
Or we might just ignore the conflict - it just adds a function
argument to a function call that gets moved from one source file to
the another in the conflicting branch, so it should be rather
straight-forward to resolve.
On Wed, Aug 02, 2023 at 12:47:24PM +0200, Ard Biesheuvel wrote:
> https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ardb/linux.git/log/?h=x86-efistub-cleanup-v8
>
> I'll prepare the v8 based on this branch after doing some more tests
> on bare metal. I'll probably send it out later today.
Thx, I'll run it here too.
> It depends on the timing. If we take the whole thing now, it should
> ideally go through -tip.
Now's fine, if it passes testing.
> There is a conflict with the kexec sev patch you just suggested on the
> list, though. I'll rebase onto that in any case, but if that causes
> any problems, we might decide to take everything except the last two
> (or three *) patches now, and defer those for later.
Right.
> * 'efi/libstub: Add limit argument to efi_random_alloc()' may conflict
> with some changes that may arrive via the RISC-V tree. That patch is
> completely independent, so perhaps I should put it on a shared stable
> branch in the EFI tree. Or alternatively, depending on how you decide
> to organize the branches, you could put it at the beginning of the
> topic branch where the RISC-V tree can merge it in.
I could simply give them the tip branch with the stuff and they can
merge it. It'll be immutable ofc.
> Or we might just ignore the conflict - it just adds a function
> argument to a function call that gets moved from one source file to
> the another in the conflicting branch, so it should be rather
> straight-forward to resolve.
That's also a possibility.
Thx.
--
Regards/Gruss,
Boris.
https://people.kernel.org/tglx/notes-about-netiquette