2016-12-15 02:41:30

by Nicholas Mc Guire

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: [PATCH V2] Coccinelle: check usleep_range() usage

Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt outlines the intended usage of
usleep_range(), this spatch tries to locate missuse/out-of-spec cases.

Signed-off-by: Nicholas Mc Guire <[email protected]>
---
V2: added context mode as suggested by Julia Lawall <[email protected]>
added min<max case sugested by Joe Perches <[email protected]>
added in the range checks as they are resonably reliable based on
a review of all 1648 call sites of usleep_range()

1648 calls total
1488 pass numeric values only (90.29%)
27 min below 10us (1.81%)
40 min above 10ms (2.68%)
min out of spec 4.50%
76 preprocessor constants (4.61%)
1 min below 10us (1.31%)
8 min above 10ms (10.52%)
min out of spec 11.84%
85 expressions (5.15%)
1(0) min below 10us (1.50%)*
6(2) min above 10ms (7.50%)*
min out of spec 9.0%
Errors:
23 where min==max (1.39%)
0 where max < min (0.00%)

Total:
Bugs: 6.48%-10.70%*
Crit: 3.09%-3.15%* (min < 10, min==max, max < min)
Detectable by coccinelle:
Bugs: 74/103 (71.8%)
Crit: 50/52 (96.1%)
* numbers estimated based on code review

Patch is againts 4.9.0 (localversion-next is next-20161214)

scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci | 88 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
1 file changed, 88 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci

diff --git a/scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci b/scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..003e9ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/// report bad/problematic usleep_range usage
+//
+// This is a checker for the documented intended use of usleep_range
+// see: Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt and
+// Link: http://lkml.org/lkml/2016/11/29/54 for some notes on
+// when mdelay might not be a suitable replacement
+//
+// Limitations:
+// * The numeric limits are only checked when numeric constants are in
+// use (as of 4.9.0 thats 90.29% of the calls) no constant folding
+// is done - so this can miss some out-of-range cases - but in 4.9.0
+// it was catching 74 of the 103 bad cases (71.8%) and 50 of 52
+// (96.1%) of the critical cases (min < 10 and min==max - there
+// * There may be RT use-cases where both min < 10 and min==max)
+// justified (e.g. high-throughput drivers on a shielded core)
+//
+// 1) warn if min == max
+//
+// The problem is that usleep_range is calculating the delay by
+// exp = ktime_add_us(ktime_get(), min)
+// delta = (u64)(max - min) * NSEC_PER_USEC
+// so delta is set to 0 if min==max
+// and then calls
+// schedule_hrtimeout_range(exp, 0,...)
+// effectively this means that the clock subsystem has no room to
+// optimize. usleep_range() is in non-atomic context so a 0 range
+// makes very little sense as the task can be preempted anyway so
+// there is no guarantee that the 0 range would be adding much
+// precision - it just removes optimization potential, so it probably
+// never really makes sense.
+//
+// 2) warn if min < 10 or min > 20ms
+//
+// it makes little sense to use a non-atomic call for very short
+// delays because the scheduling jitter will most likely exceed
+// this limit - udelay() makes more sense in that case. For very
+// large delays using hrtimers is useless as preemption becomes
+// quite likely resulting in high inaccuracy anyway - so use
+// jiffies based msleep and don't burden the hrtimer subsystem.
+//
+// 3) warn if max < min
+//
+// Joe Perches <[email protected]> added a check for this case
+// that is definitely wrong.
+//
+// Confidence: Moderate
+// Copyright: (C) 2016 Nicholas Mc Guire, OSADL. GPLv2.
+// Comments:
+// Options: --no-includes --include-headers
+
+virtual org
+virtual report
+virtual context
+
+@nullrangectx depends on context@
+expression E1,E2;
+position p;
+@@
+
+* usleep_range@p(E1,E2)
+
+
+@nullrange@
+expression E1,E2;
+position p;
+@@
+
+ usleep_range@p(E1,E2)
+
+@script:python depends on !context@
+p << nullrange.p;
+min << nullrange.E1;
+max << nullrange.E2;
+@@
+
+if(min == max):
+ msg = "WARNING: usleep_range min == max (%s) - consider delta " % (min)
+ coccilib.report.print_report(p[0], msg)
+if str.isdigit(min):
+ if(int(min) < 10):
+ msg = "ERROR: usleep_range min (%s) less than 10us - consider using udelay()" % (min)
+ coccilib.report.print_report(p[0], msg)
+ if(20000 < int(min)):
+ msg = "ERROR: usleep_range min (%s) exceed 20m - consider using mslee()" % (min)
+ coccilib.report.print_report(p[0], msg)
+ if(int(max) < int(min)):
+ msg = "ERROR: usleep_range max (%s) less than min (%s)" % (max,min)
+ coccilib.report.print_report(p[0], msg)
--
2.1.4


2016-12-15 05:52:47

by Julia Lawall

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: Re: [PATCH V2] Coccinelle: check usleep_range() usage



On Thu, 15 Dec 2016, Nicholas Mc Guire wrote:

> Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt outlines the intended usage of
> usleep_range(), this spatch tries to locate missuse/out-of-spec cases.
>
> Signed-off-by: Nicholas Mc Guire <[email protected]>
> ---
> V2: added context mode as suggested by Julia Lawall <[email protected]>
> added min<max case sugested by Joe Perches <[email protected]>
> added in the range checks as they are resonably reliable based on
> a review of all 1648 call sites of usleep_range()
>
> 1648 calls total
> 1488 pass numeric values only (90.29%)
> 27 min below 10us (1.81%)
> 40 min above 10ms (2.68%)
> min out of spec 4.50%
> 76 preprocessor constants (4.61%)
> 1 min below 10us (1.31%)
> 8 min above 10ms (10.52%)
> min out of spec 11.84%
> 85 expressions (5.15%)
> 1(0) min below 10us (1.50%)*
> 6(2) min above 10ms (7.50%)*
> min out of spec 9.0%
> Errors:
> 23 where min==max (1.39%)
> 0 where max < min (0.00%)
>
> Total:
> Bugs: 6.48%-10.70%*
> Crit: 3.09%-3.15%* (min < 10, min==max, max < min)
> Detectable by coccinelle:
> Bugs: 74/103 (71.8%)
> Crit: 50/52 (96.1%)
> * numbers estimated based on code review
>
> Patch is againts 4.9.0 (localversion-next is next-20161214)
>
> scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci | 88 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> 1 file changed, 88 insertions(+)
> create mode 100644 scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci
>
> diff --git a/scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci b/scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000..003e9ef
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci
> @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
> +/// report bad/problematic usleep_range usage
> +//
> +// This is a checker for the documented intended use of usleep_range
> +// see: Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt and
> +// Link: http://lkml.org/lkml/2016/11/29/54 for some notes on
> +// when mdelay might not be a suitable replacement
> +//
> +// Limitations:
> +// * The numeric limits are only checked when numeric constants are in
> +// use (as of 4.9.0 thats 90.29% of the calls) no constant folding
> +// is done - so this can miss some out-of-range cases - but in 4.9.0
> +// it was catching 74 of the 103 bad cases (71.8%) and 50 of 52
> +// (96.1%) of the critical cases (min < 10 and min==max - there
> +// * There may be RT use-cases where both min < 10 and min==max)
> +// justified (e.g. high-throughput drivers on a shielded core)
> +//
> +// 1) warn if min == max
> +//
> +// The problem is that usleep_range is calculating the delay by
> +// exp = ktime_add_us(ktime_get(), min)
> +// delta = (u64)(max - min) * NSEC_PER_USEC
> +// so delta is set to 0 if min==max
> +// and then calls
> +// schedule_hrtimeout_range(exp, 0,...)
> +// effectively this means that the clock subsystem has no room to
> +// optimize. usleep_range() is in non-atomic context so a 0 range
> +// makes very little sense as the task can be preempted anyway so
> +// there is no guarantee that the 0 range would be adding much
> +// precision - it just removes optimization potential, so it probably
> +// never really makes sense.
> +//
> +// 2) warn if min < 10 or min > 20ms
> +//
> +// it makes little sense to use a non-atomic call for very short
> +// delays because the scheduling jitter will most likely exceed
> +// this limit - udelay() makes more sense in that case. For very
> +// large delays using hrtimers is useless as preemption becomes
> +// quite likely resulting in high inaccuracy anyway - so use
> +// jiffies based msleep and don't burden the hrtimer subsystem.
> +//
> +// 3) warn if max < min
> +//
> +// Joe Perches <[email protected]> added a check for this case
> +// that is definitely wrong.
> +//
> +// Confidence: Moderate
> +// Copyright: (C) 2016 Nicholas Mc Guire, OSADL. GPLv2.
> +// Comments:
> +// Options: --no-includes --include-headers
> +
> +virtual org
> +virtual report
> +virtual context
> +
> +@nullrangectx depends on context@
> +expression E1,E2;
> +position p;
> +@@
> +
> +* usleep_range@p(E1,E2)

This is going to give a context warning on every call to usleep_range.
Why not E1,E1?

> +
> +
> +@nullrange@
> +expression E1,E2;
> +position p;
> +@@
> +
> + usleep_range@p(E1,E2)
> +
> +@script:python depends on !context@
> +p << nullrange.p;
> +min << nullrange.E1;
> +max << nullrange.E2;
> +@@
> +
> +if(min == max):
> + msg = "WARNING: usleep_range min == max (%s) - consider delta " % (min)
> + coccilib.report.print_report(p[0], msg)
> +if str.isdigit(min):

I guess this checks if min is a constant, but doesn't the last case also
need to check if max is a constant?

julia


> + if(int(min) < 10):
> + msg = "ERROR: usleep_range min (%s) less than 10us - consider using udelay()" % (min)
> + coccilib.report.print_report(p[0], msg)
> + if(20000 < int(min)):
> + msg = "ERROR: usleep_range min (%s) exceed 20m - consider using mslee()" % (min)
> + coccilib.report.print_report(p[0], msg)
> + if(int(max) < int(min)):
> + msg = "ERROR: usleep_range max (%s) less than min (%s)" % (max,min)
> + coccilib.report.print_report(p[0], msg)
> --
> 2.1.4
>
>

2016-12-15 06:17:41

by Nicholas Mc Guire

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: Re: [PATCH V2] Coccinelle: check usleep_range() usage

On Thu, Dec 15, 2016 at 06:52:28AM +0100, Julia Lawall wrote:
>
>
> On Thu, 15 Dec 2016, Nicholas Mc Guire wrote:
>
> > Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt outlines the intended usage of
> > usleep_range(), this spatch tries to locate missuse/out-of-spec cases.
> >
> > Signed-off-by: Nicholas Mc Guire <[email protected]>
> > ---
> > V2: added context mode as suggested by Julia Lawall <[email protected]>
> > added min<max case sugested by Joe Perches <[email protected]>
> > added in the range checks as they are resonably reliable based on
> > a review of all 1648 call sites of usleep_range()
> >
> > 1648 calls total
> > 1488 pass numeric values only (90.29%)
> > 27 min below 10us (1.81%)
> > 40 min above 10ms (2.68%)
> > min out of spec 4.50%
> > 76 preprocessor constants (4.61%)
> > 1 min below 10us (1.31%)
> > 8 min above 10ms (10.52%)
> > min out of spec 11.84%
> > 85 expressions (5.15%)
> > 1(0) min below 10us (1.50%)*
> > 6(2) min above 10ms (7.50%)*
> > min out of spec 9.0%
> > Errors:
> > 23 where min==max (1.39%)
> > 0 where max < min (0.00%)
> >
> > Total:
> > Bugs: 6.48%-10.70%*
> > Crit: 3.09%-3.15%* (min < 10, min==max, max < min)
> > Detectable by coccinelle:
> > Bugs: 74/103 (71.8%)
> > Crit: 50/52 (96.1%)
> > * numbers estimated based on code review
> >
> > Patch is againts 4.9.0 (localversion-next is next-20161214)
> >
> > scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci | 88 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > 1 file changed, 88 insertions(+)
> > create mode 100644 scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci
> >
> > diff --git a/scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci b/scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci
> > new file mode 100644
> > index 0000000..003e9ef
> > --- /dev/null
> > +++ b/scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci
> > @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
> > +/// report bad/problematic usleep_range usage
> > +//
> > +// This is a checker for the documented intended use of usleep_range
> > +// see: Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt and
> > +// Link: http://lkml.org/lkml/2016/11/29/54 for some notes on
> > +// when mdelay might not be a suitable replacement
> > +//
> > +// Limitations:
> > +// * The numeric limits are only checked when numeric constants are in
> > +// use (as of 4.9.0 thats 90.29% of the calls) no constant folding
> > +// is done - so this can miss some out-of-range cases - but in 4.9.0
> > +// it was catching 74 of the 103 bad cases (71.8%) and 50 of 52
> > +// (96.1%) of the critical cases (min < 10 and min==max - there
> > +// * There may be RT use-cases where both min < 10 and min==max)
> > +// justified (e.g. high-throughput drivers on a shielded core)
> > +//
> > +// 1) warn if min == max
> > +//
> > +// The problem is that usleep_range is calculating the delay by
> > +// exp = ktime_add_us(ktime_get(), min)
> > +// delta = (u64)(max - min) * NSEC_PER_USEC
> > +// so delta is set to 0 if min==max
> > +// and then calls
> > +// schedule_hrtimeout_range(exp, 0,...)
> > +// effectively this means that the clock subsystem has no room to
> > +// optimize. usleep_range() is in non-atomic context so a 0 range
> > +// makes very little sense as the task can be preempted anyway so
> > +// there is no guarantee that the 0 range would be adding much
> > +// precision - it just removes optimization potential, so it probably
> > +// never really makes sense.
> > +//
> > +// 2) warn if min < 10 or min > 20ms
> > +//
> > +// it makes little sense to use a non-atomic call for very short
> > +// delays because the scheduling jitter will most likely exceed
> > +// this limit - udelay() makes more sense in that case. For very
> > +// large delays using hrtimers is useless as preemption becomes
> > +// quite likely resulting in high inaccuracy anyway - so use
> > +// jiffies based msleep and don't burden the hrtimer subsystem.
> > +//
> > +// 3) warn if max < min
> > +//
> > +// Joe Perches <[email protected]> added a check for this case
> > +// that is definitely wrong.
> > +//
> > +// Confidence: Moderate
> > +// Copyright: (C) 2016 Nicholas Mc Guire, OSADL. GPLv2.
> > +// Comments:
> > +// Options: --no-includes --include-headers
> > +
> > +virtual org
> > +virtual report
> > +virtual context
> > +
> > +@nullrangectx depends on context@
> > +expression E1,E2;
> > +position p;
> > +@@
> > +
> > +* usleep_range@p(E1,E2)
>
> This is going to give a context warning on every call to usleep_range.
> Why not E1,E1?
yes this triggers on all use of usleep_ranges - as the report mode is
checking for more than just min==max I thought its resonable to simply
report all cases - maybe not.
Not sure if it makes sense to add in the filter from below,

Thre actually are quite a few bad use patters beyond these basic ones
like
unsigned long timeout = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(250);

- while (time_before(jiffies, timeout)) {
value = fpci_readl(tegra, XUSB_CFG_ARU_MBOX_OWNER);
if (value == MBOX_OWNER_NONE)
break;

- usleep_range(10, 20);
}

>
> > +
> > +
> > +@nullrange@
> > +expression E1,E2;
> > +position p;
> > +@@
> > +
> > + usleep_range@p(E1,E2)
> > +
> > +@script:python depends on !context@
> > +p << nullrange.p;
> > +min << nullrange.E1;
> > +max << nullrange.E2;
> > +@@
> > +
> > +if(min == max):
> > + msg = "WARNING: usleep_range min == max (%s) - consider delta " % (min)
> > + coccilib.report.print_report(p[0], msg)
> > +if str.isdigit(min):
>
> I guess this checks if min is a constant, but doesn't the last case also
> need to check if max is a constant?
>
yes it does - seems that there simply was no
such case so it went unnoticed.

also just noticed that the org mode would also be using
coccilib.report rather than coccilib.org...

thx!
hofrat


2016-12-15 07:44:51

by Julia Lawall

[permalink] [raw]
Subject: Re: [PATCH V2] Coccinelle: check usleep_range() usage



On Thu, 15 Dec 2016, Nicholas Mc Guire wrote:

> On Thu, Dec 15, 2016 at 06:52:28AM +0100, Julia Lawall wrote:
> >
> >
> > On Thu, 15 Dec 2016, Nicholas Mc Guire wrote:
> >
> > > Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt outlines the intended usage of
> > > usleep_range(), this spatch tries to locate missuse/out-of-spec cases.
> > >
> > > Signed-off-by: Nicholas Mc Guire <[email protected]>
> > > ---
> > > V2: added context mode as suggested by Julia Lawall <[email protected]>
> > > added min<max case sugested by Joe Perches <[email protected]>
> > > added in the range checks as they are resonably reliable based on
> > > a review of all 1648 call sites of usleep_range()
> > >
> > > 1648 calls total
> > > 1488 pass numeric values only (90.29%)
> > > 27 min below 10us (1.81%)
> > > 40 min above 10ms (2.68%)
> > > min out of spec 4.50%
> > > 76 preprocessor constants (4.61%)
> > > 1 min below 10us (1.31%)
> > > 8 min above 10ms (10.52%)
> > > min out of spec 11.84%
> > > 85 expressions (5.15%)
> > > 1(0) min below 10us (1.50%)*
> > > 6(2) min above 10ms (7.50%)*
> > > min out of spec 9.0%
> > > Errors:
> > > 23 where min==max (1.39%)
> > > 0 where max < min (0.00%)
> > >
> > > Total:
> > > Bugs: 6.48%-10.70%*
> > > Crit: 3.09%-3.15%* (min < 10, min==max, max < min)
> > > Detectable by coccinelle:
> > > Bugs: 74/103 (71.8%)
> > > Crit: 50/52 (96.1%)
> > > * numbers estimated based on code review
> > >
> > > Patch is againts 4.9.0 (localversion-next is next-20161214)
> > >
> > > scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci | 88 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > > 1 file changed, 88 insertions(+)
> > > create mode 100644 scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci
> > >
> > > diff --git a/scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci b/scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci
> > > new file mode 100644
> > > index 0000000..003e9ef
> > > --- /dev/null
> > > +++ b/scripts/coccinelle/api/bad_usleep_range.cocci
> > > @@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
> > > +/// report bad/problematic usleep_range usage
> > > +//
> > > +// This is a checker for the documented intended use of usleep_range
> > > +// see: Documentation/timers/timers-howto.txt and
> > > +// Link: http://lkml.org/lkml/2016/11/29/54 for some notes on
> > > +// when mdelay might not be a suitable replacement
> > > +//
> > > +// Limitations:
> > > +// * The numeric limits are only checked when numeric constants are in
> > > +// use (as of 4.9.0 thats 90.29% of the calls) no constant folding
> > > +// is done - so this can miss some out-of-range cases - but in 4.9.0
> > > +// it was catching 74 of the 103 bad cases (71.8%) and 50 of 52
> > > +// (96.1%) of the critical cases (min < 10 and min==max - there
> > > +// * There may be RT use-cases where both min < 10 and min==max)
> > > +// justified (e.g. high-throughput drivers on a shielded core)
> > > +//
> > > +// 1) warn if min == max
> > > +//
> > > +// The problem is that usleep_range is calculating the delay by
> > > +// exp = ktime_add_us(ktime_get(), min)
> > > +// delta = (u64)(max - min) * NSEC_PER_USEC
> > > +// so delta is set to 0 if min==max
> > > +// and then calls
> > > +// schedule_hrtimeout_range(exp, 0,...)
> > > +// effectively this means that the clock subsystem has no room to
> > > +// optimize. usleep_range() is in non-atomic context so a 0 range
> > > +// makes very little sense as the task can be preempted anyway so
> > > +// there is no guarantee that the 0 range would be adding much
> > > +// precision - it just removes optimization potential, so it probably
> > > +// never really makes sense.
> > > +//
> > > +// 2) warn if min < 10 or min > 20ms
> > > +//
> > > +// it makes little sense to use a non-atomic call for very short
> > > +// delays because the scheduling jitter will most likely exceed
> > > +// this limit - udelay() makes more sense in that case. For very
> > > +// large delays using hrtimers is useless as preemption becomes
> > > +// quite likely resulting in high inaccuracy anyway - so use
> > > +// jiffies based msleep and don't burden the hrtimer subsystem.
> > > +//
> > > +// 3) warn if max < min
> > > +//
> > > +// Joe Perches <[email protected]> added a check for this case
> > > +// that is definitely wrong.
> > > +//
> > > +// Confidence: Moderate
> > > +// Copyright: (C) 2016 Nicholas Mc Guire, OSADL. GPLv2.
> > > +// Comments:
> > > +// Options: --no-includes --include-headers
> > > +
> > > +virtual org
> > > +virtual report
> > > +virtual context
> > > +
> > > +@nullrangectx depends on context@
> > > +expression E1,E2;
> > > +position p;
> > > +@@
> > > +
> > > +* usleep_range@p(E1,E2)
> >
> > This is going to give a context warning on every call to usleep_range.
> > Why not E1,E1?
> yes this triggers on all use of usleep_ranges - as the report mode is
> checking for more than just min==max I thought its resonable to simply
> report all cases - maybe not.
> Not sure if it makes sense to add in the filter from below,

I think that simply flagging all the calls for context mode is not a good
idea. Especilly since there is no explanation in this case. If it is too
awkward to support context mode, just drop it.

julia

>
> Thre actually are quite a few bad use patters beyond these basic ones
> like
> unsigned long timeout = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(250);
>
> - while (time_before(jiffies, timeout)) {
> value = fpci_readl(tegra, XUSB_CFG_ARU_MBOX_OWNER);
> if (value == MBOX_OWNER_NONE)
> break;
>
> - usleep_range(10, 20);
> }
>
> >
> > > +
> > > +
> > > +@nullrange@
> > > +expression E1,E2;
> > > +position p;
> > > +@@
> > > +
> > > + usleep_range@p(E1,E2)
> > > +
> > > +@script:python depends on !context@
> > > +p << nullrange.p;
> > > +min << nullrange.E1;
> > > +max << nullrange.E2;
> > > +@@
> > > +
> > > +if(min == max):
> > > + msg = "WARNING: usleep_range min == max (%s) - consider delta " % (min)
> > > + coccilib.report.print_report(p[0], msg)
> > > +if str.isdigit(min):
> >
> > I guess this checks if min is a constant, but doesn't the last case also
> > need to check if max is a constant?
> >
> yes it does - seems that there simply was no
> such case so it went unnoticed.
>
> also just noticed that the org mode would also be using
> coccilib.report rather than coccilib.org...
>
> thx!
> hofrat
>
>