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Date: Mon, 02 Feb 2015 00:30:31 +0300
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Consider the following code:

// C99, No error checking for simplicity

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netdb.h>

#include <err.h>

static int
tcp_connect_loop (const char *host, const char *protocol, struct addrinfo *res)
{
  for (; res != NULL; res = res->ai_next)
    {
      int result = socket (res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);

      if (result != -1)
        {
          if (connect (result, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) == 0)
            {
              return result;
            }

          close (result);
        }
    }

  // SOMEDAY: печатать больше инфы (то же для tcp_listen_loop)?
  errx (EXIT_FAILURE, "sh_tcp_connect: [%s]:%s: all structs returned by getaddrinfo failed", host, protocol);
}

int //@
sh_tcp_connect (const char *host, const char *protocol, int family)//@;
{
  struct addrinfo hints = {};

  hints.ai_family = family;
  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;

  struct addrinfo *res;

  getaddrinfo (host, protocol, &hints, &res);

  // POSIX 2013 says that now 'res' list contains at least one item

  int result;

      result = tcp_connect_loop (host, protocol, res);
      freeaddrinfo (res);

  return result;
}


static int
tcp_listen_loop (const char *protocol, struct addrinfo *res)
{
  for (; res != NULL; res = res->ai_next)
    {
      int result = socket (res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol);

      if (result != -1)
        {
          const int on = 1;

          if (setsockopt (result, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof (on)) != -1)
            {
              if (bind (result, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) == 0)
                {
                  return result;
                }
            }

          close (result);
        }
    }

  errx (EXIT_FAILURE, "sh_tcp_listen: *:%s: all structs returned by getaddrinfo failed", protocol);
}

int //@
sh_tcp_listen (const char *protocol, int family)//@;
{
  struct addrinfo hints = {};

  hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
  hints.ai_family = family;
  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;

  struct addrinfo *res;

  getaddrinfo (NULL, protocol, &hints, &res);

  int result;

      result = tcp_listen_loop (protocol, res);

          listen (result, 5);
      freeaddrinfo (res);
  return result;
}

#ifndef N
#define N 100000
#endif

int
main (int argc, char *argv[])
{
  if (strcmp (argv[1], "-l") == 0)
    {
      int l = sh_tcp_listen (argv[2], AF_INET);

      for (;;)
        {
          int s = accept (l, NULL, NULL);
          if (s == -1)
            {
              continue;
            }
          char buf[1000];
          write (1, buf, read (s, buf, sizeof (buf)));
          close (s);
        }
    }
  else
    {
      for (int i = 0; i != N; ++i)
        {
          int s = sh_tcp_connect (argv[1], argv[2], AF_INET);
          dprintf (s, "%d\n", i);
          close (s);
        }
    }
  exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

Compile this code as, for example, /tmp/x (again: this is C99), then run:

/tmp/x -l 5555 > /tmp/ooo

This command will accept connections and write coming data to /tmp/ooo . Okey, then run in another terminal:

/tmp/x localhost 5555

This command will connect to localhost, write 0, then connect again, write 1, etc. Soon you will not have available ports, so /tmp/x will fail before it will perform all N connections, this is OK.
When this command complete, go to the first terminal and kill the program using Ctrl-C. Then look in /tmp/ooo and notice the last line, let's assume this is 28290. Then compare /tmp/ooo with the right monotonic number sequence:

echo {0..28290} | tr ' ' '\n' | diff -ur - /tmp/ooo

With some luck you will notice that /tmp/ooo is wrong. For example, I got the following:

--- -   2015-02-02 00:24:35.606008461 +0300
+++ /tmp/ooo    2015-02-02 00:09:25.002694629 +0300
@@ -7391,8 +7391,6 @@
 7390
 7391
 7392
-7393
-7394
 7395
 7396
 7397
@@ -7546,6 +7544,8 @@
 7545
 7546
 7547
+7393
+7394
 7548
 7549
 7550

If 'diff' doesn't report difference, then try again and again.

Is this a bug? I think that this is a bug.

Linux ideal-os 3.16.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.16.7-ckt2-1 (2014-12-08) x86_64 GNU/Linux
Debian 8.0 Jessie
GNU C Library (Debian GLIBC 2.19-13) stable release version 2.19, by Roland McGrath et al.
==
Askar Safin
http://vk.com/safinaskar
Kazan, Russia????{.n?+???????+%?????ݶ??w??{.n?+????{??G?????{ay?ʇڙ?,j??f???h?????????z_??(?階?ݢj"???m??????G????????????&???~???iO???z??v?^?m????????????I?