From: Wei Huang <wei@redhat.com>
To: kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, shannon.zhao@linaro.org,
        kvm@vger.kernel.org, marc.zyngier@arm.com, christoffer.dall@linaro.org,
        drjones@redhat.com, cov@codeaurora.org, will.deacon@arm.com,
        mark.rutland@arm.com, catalin.marinas@arm.com,
        linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Subject: [kvm-unit-tests PATCH v10 3/3] arm: pmu: Add CPI checking
Date: Mon, 21 Nov 2016 14:24:55 -0600
Message-Id: <1479759895-10042-4-git-send-email-wei@redhat.com>
In-Reply-To: <1479759895-10042-1-git-send-email-wei@redhat.com>
References: <1479759895-10042-1-git-send-email-wei@redhat.com>
Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org
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From: Christopher Covington <cov@codeaurora.org>

Calculate the numbers of cycles per instruction (CPI) implied by ARM
PMU cycle counter values. The code includes a strict checking facility
intended for the -icount option in TCG mode in the configuration file.

Signed-off-by: Christopher Covington <cov@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Wei Huang <wei@redhat.com>
---
 arm/pmu.c         | 119 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 arm/unittests.cfg |  14 +++++++
 2 files changed, 132 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/arm/pmu.c b/arm/pmu.c
index 176b070..129ef1e 100644
--- a/arm/pmu.c
+++ b/arm/pmu.c
@@ -104,6 +104,25 @@ static inline uint32_t id_dfr0_read(void)
 	asm volatile("mrc p15, 0, %0, c0, c1, 2" : "=r" (val));
 	return val;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Extra instructions inserted by the compiler would be difficult to compensate
+ * for, so hand assemble everything between, and including, the PMCR accesses
+ * to start and stop counting. Total cycles = isb + mcr + 2*loop = 2 + 2*loop.
+ */
+static inline void precise_cycles_loop(int loop, uint32_t pmcr)
+{
+	asm volatile(
+	"	mcr	p15, 0, %[pmcr], c9, c12, 0\n"
+	"	isb\n"
+	"1:	subs	%[loop], %[loop], #1\n"
+	"	bgt	1b\n"
+	"	mcr	p15, 0, %[z], c9, c12, 0\n"
+	"	isb\n"
+	: [loop] "+r" (loop)
+	: [pmcr] "r" (pmcr), [z] "r" (0)
+	: "cc");
+}
 #elif defined(__aarch64__)
 static inline uint32_t pmcr_read(void)
 {
@@ -150,6 +169,25 @@ static inline uint32_t id_dfr0_read(void)
 	asm volatile("mrs %0, id_dfr0_el1" : "=r" (id));
 	return id;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Extra instructions inserted by the compiler would be difficult to compensate
+ * for, so hand assemble everything between, and including, the PMCR accesses
+ * to start and stop counting. Total cycles = isb + msr + 2*loop = 2 + 2*loop.
+ */
+static inline void precise_cycles_loop(int loop, uint32_t pmcr)
+{
+	asm volatile(
+	"	msr	pmcr_el0, %[pmcr]\n"
+	"	isb\n"
+	"1:	subs	%[loop], %[loop], #1\n"
+	"	b.gt	1b\n"
+	"	msr	pmcr_el0, xzr\n"
+	"	isb\n"
+	: [loop] "+r" (loop)
+	: [pmcr] "r" (pmcr)
+	: "cc");
+}
 #endif
 
 /*
@@ -208,6 +246,79 @@ static bool check_cycles_increase(void)
 	return success;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Execute a known number of guest instructions. Only odd instruction counts
+ * greater than or equal to 3 are supported by the in-line assembly code. The
+ * control register (PMCR_EL0) is initialized with the provided value (allowing
+ * for example for the cycle counter or event counters to be reset). At the end
+ * of the exact instruction loop, zero is written to PMCR_EL0 to disable
+ * counting, allowing the cycle counter or event counters to be read at the
+ * leisure of the calling code.
+ */
+static void measure_instrs(int num, uint32_t pmcr)
+{
+	int loop = (num - 2) / 2;
+
+	assert(num >= 4 && ((num - 2) % 2 == 0));
+	precise_cycles_loop(loop, pmcr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Measure cycle counts for various known instruction counts. Ensure that the
+ * cycle counter progresses (similar to check_cycles_increase() but with more
+ * instructions and using reset and stop controls). If supplied a positive,
+ * nonzero CPI parameter, also strictly check that every measurement matches
+ * it. Strict CPI checking is used to test -icount mode.
+ */
+static bool check_cpi(int cpi)
+{
+	uint32_t pmcr = pmcr_read() | PMU_PMCR_LC | PMU_PMCR_C | PMU_PMCR_E;
+
+	/* init before event access, this test only cares about cycle count */
+	pmcntenset_write(1 << PMU_CYCLE_IDX);
+	pmccfiltr_write(0); /* count cycles in EL0, EL1, but not EL2 */
+
+	if (cpi > 0)
+		printf("Checking for CPI=%d.\n", cpi);
+	printf("instrs : cycles0 cycles1 ...\n");
+
+	for (unsigned int i = 4; i < 300; i += 32) {
+		uint64_t avg, sum = 0;
+
+		printf("%d :", i);
+		for (int j = 0; j < NR_SAMPLES; j++) {
+			uint64_t cycles;
+
+			pmccntr_write(0);
+			measure_instrs(i, pmcr);
+			cycles = pmccntr_read();
+			printf(" %"PRId64"", cycles);
+
+			if (!cycles) {
+				printf("\ncycles not incrementing!\n");
+				return false;
+			} else if (cpi > 0 && cycles != i * cpi) {
+				printf("\nunexpected cycle count received!\n");
+				return false;
+			} else if ((cycles >> 32) != 0) {
+				/* The cycles taken by the loop above should
+				 * fit in 32 bits easily. We check the upper
+				 * 32 bits of the cycle counter to make sure
+				 * there is no supprise. */
+				printf("\ncycle count bigger than 32bit!\n");
+				return false;
+			}
+
+			sum += cycles;
+		}
+		avg = sum / NR_SAMPLES;
+		printf(" sum=%"PRId64" avg=%"PRId64" avg_ipc=%"PRId64" "
+		       "avg_cpi=%"PRId64"\n", sum, avg, i / avg, avg / i);
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
 void pmu_init(void)
 {
 	uint32_t dfr0;
@@ -218,13 +329,19 @@ void pmu_init(void)
 	printf("PMU version: %d\n", pmu_version);
 }
 
-int main(void)
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {
+	int cpi = 0;
+
+	if (argc > 1)
+		cpi = atol(argv[1]);
+
 	report_prefix_push("pmu");
 
 	pmu_init();
 	report("Control register", check_pmcr());
 	report("Monotonically increasing cycle count", check_cycles_increase());
+	report("Cycle/instruction ratio", check_cpi(cpi));
 
 	return report_summary();
 }
diff --git a/arm/unittests.cfg b/arm/unittests.cfg
index 816f494..044d97c 100644
--- a/arm/unittests.cfg
+++ b/arm/unittests.cfg
@@ -63,3 +63,17 @@ groups = pci
 [pmu]
 file = pmu.flat
 groups = pmu
+
+# Test PMU support (TCG) with -icount IPC=1
+[pmu-tcg-icount-1]
+file = pmu.flat
+extra_params = -icount 0 -append '1'
+groups = pmu
+accel = tcg
+
+# Test PMU support (TCG) with -icount IPC=256
+[pmu-tcg-icount-256]
+file = pmu.flat
+extra_params = -icount 8 -append '256'
+groups = pmu
+accel = tcg
-- 
1.8.3.1