Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1758463AbeAIOn5 (ORCPT + 1 other); Tue, 9 Jan 2018 09:43:57 -0500 Received: from smtp-fw-6002.amazon.com ([52.95.49.90]:7506 "EHLO smtp-fw-6002.amazon.com" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1752579AbeAIOny (ORCPT ); Tue, 9 Jan 2018 09:43:54 -0500 X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="5.46,335,1511827200"; d="scan'208";a="326202188" From: David Woodhouse To: Andi Kleen Cc: Paul Turner , LKML , Linus Torvalds , Greg Kroah-Hartman , Tim Chen , Dave Hansen , tglx@linutronix.de, Kees Cook , Rik van Riel , Peter Zijlstra , Andy Lutomirski , Jiri Kosina , gnomes@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk, x86@kernel.org Subject: [PATCH v7 01/11] x86/retpoline: Add initial retpoline support Date: Tue, 9 Jan 2018 14:43:07 +0000 Message-Id: <1515508997-6154-2-git-send-email-dwmw@amazon.co.uk> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.7.4 In-Reply-To: <1515508997-6154-1-git-send-email-dwmw@amazon.co.uk> References: <1515508997-6154-1-git-send-email-dwmw@amazon.co.uk> Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Return-Path: Enable the use of -mindirect-branch=thunk-extern in newer GCC, and provide the corresponding thunks. Provide assembler macros for invoking the thunks in the same way that GCC does, from native and inline assembler. This adds X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE and sets it by default on all CPUs. In some circumstances, IBRS microcode features may be used instead, and the retpoline can be disabled. On AMD CPUs if lfence is serialising, the retpoline can be dramatically simplified to a simple "lfence; jmp *\reg". A future patch, after it has been verified that lfence really is serialising in all circumstances, can enable this by setting the X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD feature bit in addition to X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE. [ Andi Kleen: Rename the macros, add CONFIG_RETPOLINE option, export thunks] [ tglx: Put actual function CALL/JMP in front of the macros, convert to symbolic labels ] Signed-off-by: David Woodhouse Acked-By: Arjan van de Ven Acked-by: Ingo Molnar Cc: gnomes@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk Cc: Rik van Riel Cc: Andi Kleen Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: Jiri Kosina Cc: Andy Lutomirski Cc: Dave Hansen Cc: Kees Cook Cc: Tim Chen Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman Cc: Paul Turner --- arch/x86/Kconfig | 13 ++++ arch/x86/Makefile | 10 +++ arch/x86/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h | 25 ++++++++ arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h | 2 + arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h | 112 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c | 4 ++ arch/x86/lib/Makefile | 1 + arch/x86/lib/retpoline.S | 48 +++++++++++++++ 8 files changed, 215 insertions(+) create mode 100644 arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h create mode 100644 arch/x86/lib/retpoline.S diff --git a/arch/x86/Kconfig b/arch/x86/Kconfig index e23d21a..d181916 100644 --- a/arch/x86/Kconfig +++ b/arch/x86/Kconfig @@ -429,6 +429,19 @@ config GOLDFISH def_bool y depends on X86_GOLDFISH +config RETPOLINE + bool "Avoid speculative indirect branches in kernel" + default y + help + Compile kernel with the retpoline compiler options to guard against + kernel-to-user data leaks by avoiding speculative indirect + branches. Requires a compiler with -mindirect-branch=thunk-extern + support for full protection. The kernel may run slower. + + Without compiler support, at least indirect branches in assembler + code are eliminated. Since this includes the syscall entry path, + it is not entirely pointless. + config INTEL_RDT bool "Intel Resource Director Technology support" default n diff --git a/arch/x86/Makefile b/arch/x86/Makefile index a20eacd..918e550 100644 --- a/arch/x86/Makefile +++ b/arch/x86/Makefile @@ -235,6 +235,16 @@ KBUILD_CFLAGS += -Wno-sign-compare # KBUILD_CFLAGS += -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables +# Avoid indirect branches in kernel to deal with Spectre +ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE + RETPOLINE_CFLAGS += $(call cc-option,-mindirect-branch=thunk-extern -mindirect-branch-register) + ifneq ($(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS),) + KBUILD_CFLAGS += $(RETPOLINE_CFLAGS) -DRETPOLINE + else + $(warning Retpoline not supported in compiler. System may be insecure.) + endif +endif + archscripts: scripts_basic $(Q)$(MAKE) $(build)=arch/x86/tools relocs diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h index ff700d8..0927cdc 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/asm-prototypes.h @@ -11,7 +11,32 @@ #include #include #include +#include #ifndef CONFIG_X86_CMPXCHG64 extern void cmpxchg8b_emu(void); #endif + +#ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE +#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32 +#define INDIRECT_THUNK(reg) extern asmlinkage void __x86_indirect_thunk_e ## reg(void); +#else +#define INDIRECT_THUNK(reg) extern asmlinkage void __x86_indirect_thunk_r ## reg(void); +INDIRECT_THUNK(8) +INDIRECT_THUNK(9) +INDIRECT_THUNK(10) +INDIRECT_THUNK(11) +INDIRECT_THUNK(12) +INDIRECT_THUNK(13) +INDIRECT_THUNK(14) +INDIRECT_THUNK(15) +#endif +INDIRECT_THUNK(ax) +INDIRECT_THUNK(bx) +INDIRECT_THUNK(cx) +INDIRECT_THUNK(dx) +INDIRECT_THUNK(si) +INDIRECT_THUNK(di) +INDIRECT_THUNK(bp) +INDIRECT_THUNK(sp) +#endif /* CONFIG_RETPOLINE */ diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h index 1641c2f..f275447 100644 --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h @@ -203,6 +203,8 @@ #define X86_FEATURE_PROC_FEEDBACK ( 7*32+ 9) /* AMD ProcFeedbackInterface */ #define X86_FEATURE_SME ( 7*32+10) /* AMD Secure Memory Encryption */ #define X86_FEATURE_PTI ( 7*32+11) /* Kernel Page Table Isolation enabled */ +#define X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE ( 7*32+12) /* Generic Retpoline mitigation for Spectre variant 2 */ +#define X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD ( 7*32+13) /* AMD Retpoline mitigation for Spectre variant 2 */ #define X86_FEATURE_INTEL_PPIN ( 7*32+14) /* Intel Processor Inventory Number */ #define X86_FEATURE_INTEL_PT ( 7*32+15) /* Intel Processor Trace */ #define X86_FEATURE_AVX512_4VNNIW ( 7*32+16) /* AVX-512 Neural Network Instructions */ diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..da407df --- /dev/null +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/nospec-branch.h @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */ + +#ifndef __NOSPEC_BRANCH_H__ +#define __NOSPEC_BRANCH_H__ + +#include +#include +#include + +#ifdef __ASSEMBLY__ + +/* + * These are the bare retpoline primitives for indirect jmp and call. + * Do not use these directly; they only exist to make the ALTERNATIVE + * invocation below less ugly. + */ +.macro RETPOLINE_JMP reg:req + .align 16 + call .Ldo_rop_\@ +.Lspec_trap_\@: + pause + jmp .Lspec_trap_\@ + .align 16 +.Ldo_rop_\@: + mov \reg, (%_ASM_SP) + ret +.endm + +/* + * This is a wrapper around RETPOLINE_JMP so the called function in reg + * returns to the instruction after the macro. + */ +.macro RETPOLINE_CALL reg:req + jmp .Ldo_call_\@ +.Ldo_retpoline_jmp_\@: + RETPOLINE_JMP \reg + .align 16 +.Ldo_call_\@: + call .Ldo_retpoline_jmp_\@ +.endm + +/* + * JMP_NOSPEC and CALL_NOSPEC macros can be used instead of a simple + * indirect jmp/call which may be susceptible to the Spectre variant 2 + * attack. + */ +.macro JMP_NOSPEC reg:req +#ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE + ALTERNATIVE_2 __stringify(jmp *\reg), \ + __stringify(RETPOLINE_JMP \reg), X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE, \ + __stringify(lfence; jmp *\reg), X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD +#else + jmp *\reg +#endif +.endm + +.macro CALL_NOSPEC reg:req +#ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE + ALTERNATIVE_2 __stringify(call *\reg), \ + __stringify(RETPOLINE_CALL \reg), X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE,\ + __stringify(lfence; call *\reg), X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_AMD +#else + call *\reg +#endif +.endm + +#else /* __ASSEMBLY__ */ + +#if defined(CONFIG_X86_64) && defined(RETPOLINE) +/* + * Since the inline asm uses the %V modifier which is only in newer GCC, + * the 64-bit one is dependent on RETPOLINE not CONFIG_RETPOLINE. + */ +# define CALL_NOSPEC ALTERNATIVE( \ + "call *%[thunk_target]\n", \ + "call __x86_indirect_thunk_%V[thunk_target]\n", \ + X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE) +# define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "r" (addr) +#elif defined(CONFIG_X86_32) && defined(CONFIG_RETPOLINE) +/* + * For i386 we use the original ret-equivalent retpoline, because + * otherwise we'll run out of registers. We don't care about CET + * here, anyway. + */ +# define CALL_NOSPEC ALTERNATIVE( \ + "call *%[thunk_target]\n", \ + "" \ + " jmp do_call%=;\n" \ + " .align 16\n" \ + "do_retpoline%=:\n" \ + " call do_rop%=;\n" \ + "spec_trap%=:\n" \ + " pause;\n" \ + " jmp spec_trap%=;\n" \ + " .align 16\n" \ + "do_rop%=:\n" \ + " addl $4, %%esp;\n" \ + " pushl %[thunk_target];\n" \ + " ret;\n" \ + " .align 16\n" \ + "do_call%=:\n" \ + " call do_retpoline%=;\n", \ + X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE) + +# define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "rm" (addr) +#else /* No retpoline */ +# define CALL_NOSPEC "call *%[thunk_target]\n" +# define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "rm" (addr) +#endif + +#endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */ +#endif /* __NOSPEC_BRANCH_H__ */ diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c index 372ba3f..7a671d1 100644 --- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c @@ -905,6 +905,10 @@ static void __init early_identify_cpu(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c) setup_force_cpu_bug(X86_BUG_SPECTRE_V1); setup_force_cpu_bug(X86_BUG_SPECTRE_V2); +#ifdef CONFIG_RETPOLINE + setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE); +#endif + fpu__init_system(c); #ifdef CONFIG_X86_32 diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/Makefile b/arch/x86/lib/Makefile index 457f681..d435c89 100644 --- a/arch/x86/lib/Makefile +++ b/arch/x86/lib/Makefile @@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ lib-y += memcpy_$(BITS).o lib-$(CONFIG_RWSEM_XCHGADD_ALGORITHM) += rwsem.o lib-$(CONFIG_INSTRUCTION_DECODER) += insn.o inat.o lib-$(CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE) += kaslr.o +lib-$(CONFIG_RETPOLINE) += retpoline.o obj-y += msr.o msr-reg.o msr-reg-export.o hweight.o diff --git a/arch/x86/lib/retpoline.S b/arch/x86/lib/retpoline.S new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb45c6c --- /dev/null +++ b/arch/x86/lib/retpoline.S @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */ + +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +.macro THUNK reg + .section .text.__x86.indirect_thunk.\reg + +ENTRY(__x86_indirect_thunk_\reg) + CFI_STARTPROC + JMP_NOSPEC %\reg + CFI_ENDPROC +ENDPROC(__x86_indirect_thunk_\reg) +.endm + +/* + * Despite being an assembler file we can't just use .irp here + * because __KSYM_DEPS__ only uses the C preprocessor and would + * only see one instance of "__x86_indirect_thunk_\reg" rather + * than one per register with the correct names. So we do it + * the simple and nasty way... + */ +#define EXPORT_THUNK(reg) EXPORT_SYMBOL(__x86_indirect_thunk_ ## reg) +#define GENERATE_THUNK(reg) THUNK reg ; EXPORT_THUNK(reg) + +GENERATE_THUNK(_ASM_AX) +GENERATE_THUNK(_ASM_BX) +GENERATE_THUNK(_ASM_CX) +GENERATE_THUNK(_ASM_DX) +GENERATE_THUNK(_ASM_SI) +GENERATE_THUNK(_ASM_DI) +GENERATE_THUNK(_ASM_BP) +GENERATE_THUNK(_ASM_SP) +#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT +GENERATE_THUNK(r8) +GENERATE_THUNK(r9) +GENERATE_THUNK(r10) +GENERATE_THUNK(r11) +GENERATE_THUNK(r12) +GENERATE_THUNK(r13) +GENERATE_THUNK(r14) +GENERATE_THUNK(r15) +#endif -- 2.7.4