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Date:   Wed, 7 Mar 2018 11:52:42 +0100
From:   Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>
To:     Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>
Cc:     albert@sifive.com, Daniel Lustig <dlustig@nvidia.com>,
        stern@rowland.harvard.edu, Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>,
        peterz@infradead.org, boqun.feng@gmail.com, npiggin@gmail.com,
        dhowells@redhat.com, j.alglave@ucl.ac.uk, luc.maranget@inria.fr,
        paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com, akiyks@gmail.com, mingo@kernel.org,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>,
        linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH 1/2] riscv/spinlock: Strengthen implementations with
 fences
Message-ID: <20180307105242.GA6133@andrea>
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On Tue, Mar 06, 2018 at 06:02:28PM -0800, Palmer Dabbelt wrote:
> On Mon, 05 Mar 2018 10:24:09 PST (-0800), parri.andrea@gmail.com wrote:
> >Current implementations map locking operations using .rl and .aq
> >annotations.  However, this mapping is unsound w.r.t. the kernel
> >memory consistency model (LKMM) [1]:
> >
> >Referring to the "unlock-lock-read-ordering" test reported below,
> >Daniel wrote:
> >
> >  "I think an RCpc interpretation of .aq and .rl would in fact
> >   allow the two normal loads in P1 to be reordered [...]
> >
> >   The intuition would be that the amoswap.w.aq can forward from
> >   the amoswap.w.rl while that's still in the store buffer, and
> >   then the lw x3,0(x4) can also perform while the amoswap.w.rl
> >   is still in the store buffer, all before the l1 x1,0(x2)
> >   executes.  That's not forbidden unless the amoswaps are RCsc,
> >   unless I'm missing something.
> >
> >   Likewise even if the unlock()/lock() is between two stores.
> >   A control dependency might originate from the load part of
> >   the amoswap.w.aq, but there still would have to be something
> >   to ensure that this load part in fact performs after the store
> >   part of the amoswap.w.rl performs globally, and that's not
> >   automatic under RCpc."
> >
> >Simulation of the RISC-V memory consistency model confirmed this
> >expectation.
> >
> >In order to "synchronize" LKMM and RISC-V's implementation, this
> >commit strengthens the implementations of the locking operations
> >by replacing .rl and .aq with the use of ("lightweigth") fences,
> >resp., "fence rw,  w" and "fence r , rw".
> >
> >C unlock-lock-read-ordering
> >
> >{}
> >/* s initially owned by P1 */
> >
> >P0(int *x, int *y)
> >{
> >        WRITE_ONCE(*x, 1);
> >        smp_wmb();
> >        WRITE_ONCE(*y, 1);
> >}
> >
> >P1(int *x, int *y, spinlock_t *s)
> >{
> >        int r0;
> >        int r1;
> >
> >        r0 = READ_ONCE(*y);
> >        spin_unlock(s);
> >        spin_lock(s);
> >        r1 = READ_ONCE(*x);
> >}
> >
> >exists (1:r0=1 /\ 1:r1=0)
> >
> >[1] https://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=151930201102853&w=2
> >    https://groups.google.com/a/groups.riscv.org/forum/#!topic/isa-dev/hKywNHBkAXM
> >    https://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=151633436614259&w=2
> >
> >Signed-off-by: Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>
> >Cc: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>
> >Cc: Albert Ou <albert@sifive.com>
> >Cc: Daniel Lustig <dlustig@nvidia.com>
> >Cc: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
> >Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
> >Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
> >Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
> >Cc: Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>
> >Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
> >Cc: Jade Alglave <j.alglave@ucl.ac.uk>
> >Cc: Luc Maranget <luc.maranget@inria.fr>
> >Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
> >Cc: Akira Yokosawa <akiyks@gmail.com>
> >Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
> >Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
> >Cc: linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org
> >Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
> >---
> > arch/riscv/include/asm/fence.h    | 12 ++++++++++++
> > arch/riscv/include/asm/spinlock.h | 29 +++++++++++++++--------------
> > 2 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)
> > create mode 100644 arch/riscv/include/asm/fence.h
> 
> Oh, sorry about this -- I thought I'd deleted all this code, but I guess I
> just wrote a patch and then forgot about it.  Here's my original patch,
> which I have marked as a WIP:

No problem.


> 
> commit 39908f1f8b75ae88ce44dc77b8219a94078ad298
> Author: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>
> Date:   Tue Dec 5 16:26:50 2017 -0800
> 
>    RISC-V: Use generic spin and rw locks
> 
>    This might not be exactly the right thing to do: we could use LR/SC to
>    produce slightly better locks by rolling the tests into the LR/SC.  I'm
>    going to defer that until I get a better handle on the new memory model
>    and just be safe here: after some discussion I'm pretty sure the AMOs
>    are good, and cmpxchg is safe (by being way too string).

I'm pretty sure you lost me (and a few other people) here.

IIUC, this says: "what we've been discussing within the last few weeks is
going to change", but not much else...

Or am I misunderstanding? You mean cmpxchg, ... as in my patch 2/2?


> 
>    Since we'd want to rewrite the spinlocks anyway so they queue, I don't
>    see any reason to keep the old implementations around.

Keep in mind that queued locks were written and optimized for x86.  arm64
only recently adopted qrwlocks:

  087133ac90763cd339b6b67f2998f87dcc136c52
  ("locking/qrwlock, arm64: Move rwlock implementation over to qrwlocks")

This certainly needs further testing and reviewing. (Nit: your patch does
not compile on any of the "riscv" branches I'm currently tracking...)

  Andrea


> 
>    Signed-off-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@sifive.com>
> 
> diff --git a/arch/riscv/include/asm/spinlock.h b/arch/riscv/include/asm/spinlock.h
> index 2fd27e8ef1fd..9b166ea81fe5 100644
> --- a/arch/riscv/include/asm/spinlock.h
> +++ b/arch/riscv/include/asm/spinlock.h
> @@ -15,128 +15,7 @@
> #ifndef _ASM_RISCV_SPINLOCK_H
> #define _ASM_RISCV_SPINLOCK_H
> 
> -#include <linux/kernel.h>
> -#include <asm/current.h>
> -
> -/*
> - * Simple spin lock operations.  These provide no fairness guarantees.
> - */
> -
> -/* FIXME: Replace this with a ticket lock, like MIPS. */
> -
> -#define arch_spin_is_locked(x)	(READ_ONCE((x)->lock) != 0)
> -
> -static inline void arch_spin_unlock(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
> -{
> -	__asm__ __volatile__ (
> -		"amoswap.w.rl x0, x0, %0"
> -		: "=A" (lock->lock)
> -		:: "memory");
> -}
> -
> -static inline int arch_spin_trylock(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
> -{
> -	int tmp = 1, busy;
> -
> -	__asm__ __volatile__ (
> -		"amoswap.w.aq %0, %2, %1"
> -		: "=r" (busy), "+A" (lock->lock)
> -		: "r" (tmp)
> -		: "memory");
> -
> -	return !busy;
> -}
> -
> -static inline void arch_spin_lock(arch_spinlock_t *lock)
> -{
> -	while (1) {
> -		if (arch_spin_is_locked(lock))
> -			continue;
> -
> -		if (arch_spin_trylock(lock))
> -			break;
> -	}
> -}
> -
> -/***********************************************************/
> -
> -static inline void arch_read_lock(arch_rwlock_t *lock)
> -{
> -	int tmp;
> -
> -	__asm__ __volatile__(
> -		"1:	lr.w	%1, %0\n"
> -		"	bltz	%1, 1b\n"
> -		"	addi	%1, %1, 1\n"
> -		"	sc.w.aq	%1, %1, %0\n"
> -		"	bnez	%1, 1b\n"
> -		: "+A" (lock->lock), "=&r" (tmp)
> -		:: "memory");
> -}
> -
> -static inline void arch_write_lock(arch_rwlock_t *lock)
> -{
> -	int tmp;
> -
> -	__asm__ __volatile__(
> -		"1:	lr.w	%1, %0\n"
> -		"	bnez	%1, 1b\n"
> -		"	li	%1, -1\n"
> -		"	sc.w.aq	%1, %1, %0\n"
> -		"	bnez	%1, 1b\n"
> -		: "+A" (lock->lock), "=&r" (tmp)
> -		:: "memory");
> -}
> -
> -static inline int arch_read_trylock(arch_rwlock_t *lock)
> -{
> -	int busy;
> -
> -	__asm__ __volatile__(
> -		"1:	lr.w	%1, %0\n"
> -		"	bltz	%1, 1f\n"
> -		"	addi	%1, %1, 1\n"
> -		"	sc.w.aq	%1, %1, %0\n"
> -		"	bnez	%1, 1b\n"
> -		"1:\n"
> -		: "+A" (lock->lock), "=&r" (busy)
> -		:: "memory");
> -
> -	return !busy;
> -}
> -
> -static inline int arch_write_trylock(arch_rwlock_t *lock)
> -{
> -	int busy;
> -
> -	__asm__ __volatile__(
> -		"1:	lr.w	%1, %0\n"
> -		"	bnez	%1, 1f\n"
> -		"	li	%1, -1\n"
> -		"	sc.w.aq	%1, %1, %0\n"
> -		"	bnez	%1, 1b\n"
> -		"1:\n"
> -		: "+A" (lock->lock), "=&r" (busy)
> -		:: "memory");
> -
> -	return !busy;
> -}
> -
> -static inline void arch_read_unlock(arch_rwlock_t *lock)
> -{
> -	__asm__ __volatile__(
> -		"amoadd.w.rl x0, %1, %0"
> -		: "+A" (lock->lock)
> -		: "r" (-1)
> -		: "memory");
> -}
> -
> -static inline void arch_write_unlock(arch_rwlock_t *lock)
> -{
> -	__asm__ __volatile__ (
> -		"amoswap.w.rl x0, x0, %0"
> -		: "=A" (lock->lock)
> -		:: "memory");
> -}
> +#include <asm-generic/qspinlock.h>
> +#include <asm-generic/qrwlock.h>
> 
> #endif /* _ASM_RISCV_SPINLOCK_H */
>