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Date:   Sun, 25 Mar 2018 23:11:54 +0300
From:   Yury Norov <ynorov@caviumnetworks.com>
To:     "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc:     Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@mellanox.com>,
        Christopher Lameter <cl@linux.com>,
        Russell King - ARM Linux <linux@armlinux.org.uk>,
        Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>,
        Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>,
        Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>,
        Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
        Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>,
        Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>,
        David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>,
        Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
        Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>,
        Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>,
        Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>,
        linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org,
        linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org, kvm-ppc@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, luto@kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH 2/2] smp: introduce kick_active_cpus_sync()
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On Sun, Mar 25, 2018 at 12:23:28PM -0700, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> On Sun, Mar 25, 2018 at 08:50:04PM +0300, Yury Norov wrote:
> > kick_all_cpus_sync() forces all CPUs to sync caches by sending broadcast IPI.
> > If CPU is in extended quiescent state (idle task or nohz_full userspace), this
> > work may be done at the exit of this state. Delaying synchronization helps to
> > save power if CPU is in idle state and decrease latency for real-time tasks.
> > 
> > This patch introduces kick_active_cpus_sync() and uses it in mm/slab and arm64
> > code to delay syncronization.
> > 
> > For task isolation (https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/11/3/589), IPI to the CPU running
> > isolated task would be fatal, as it breaks isolation. The approach with delaying
> > of synchronization work helps to maintain isolated state.
> > 
> > I've tested it with test from task isolation series on ThunderX2 for more than
> > 10 hours (10k giga-ticks) without breaking isolation.
> > 
> > Signed-off-by: Yury Norov <ynorov@caviumnetworks.com>
> > ---
> >  arch/arm64/kernel/insn.c |  2 +-
> >  include/linux/smp.h      |  2 ++
> >  kernel/smp.c             | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
> >  mm/slab.c                |  2 +-
> >  4 files changed, 28 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> > 
> > diff --git a/arch/arm64/kernel/insn.c b/arch/arm64/kernel/insn.c
> > index 2718a77da165..9d7c492e920e 100644
> > --- a/arch/arm64/kernel/insn.c
> > +++ b/arch/arm64/kernel/insn.c
> > @@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ int __kprobes aarch64_insn_patch_text(void *addrs[], u32 insns[], int cnt)
> >  			 * synchronization.
> >  			 */
> >  			ret = aarch64_insn_patch_text_nosync(addrs[0], insns[0]);
> > -			kick_all_cpus_sync();
> > +			kick_active_cpus_sync();
> >  			return ret;
> >  		}
> >  	}
> > diff --git a/include/linux/smp.h b/include/linux/smp.h
> > index 9fb239e12b82..27215e22240d 100644
> > --- a/include/linux/smp.h
> > +++ b/include/linux/smp.h
> > @@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ int smp_call_function_any(const struct cpumask *mask,
> >  			  smp_call_func_t func, void *info, int wait);
> > 
> >  void kick_all_cpus_sync(void);
> > +void kick_active_cpus_sync(void);
> >  void wake_up_all_idle_cpus(void);
> > 
> >  /*
> > @@ -161,6 +162,7 @@ smp_call_function_any(const struct cpumask *mask, smp_call_func_t func,
> >  }
> > 
> >  static inline void kick_all_cpus_sync(void) {  }
> > +static inline void kick_active_cpus_sync(void) {  }
> >  static inline void wake_up_all_idle_cpus(void) {  }
> > 
> >  #ifdef CONFIG_UP_LATE_INIT
> > diff --git a/kernel/smp.c b/kernel/smp.c
> > index 084c8b3a2681..0358d6673850 100644
> > --- a/kernel/smp.c
> > +++ b/kernel/smp.c
> > @@ -724,6 +724,30 @@ void kick_all_cpus_sync(void)
> >  }
> >  EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kick_all_cpus_sync);
> > 
> > +/**
> > + * kick_active_cpus_sync - Force CPUs that are not in extended
> > + * quiescent state (idle or nohz_full userspace) sync by sending
> > + * IPI. Extended quiescent state CPUs will sync at the exit of
> > + * that state.
> > + */
> > +void kick_active_cpus_sync(void)
> > +{
> > +	int cpu;
> > +	struct cpumask kernel_cpus;
> > +
> > +	smp_mb();
> > +
> > +	cpumask_clear(&kernel_cpus);
> > +	preempt_disable();
> > +	for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
> > +		if (!rcu_eqs_special_set(cpu))
> 
> If we get here, the CPU is not in a quiescent state, so we therefore
> must IPI it, correct?
> 
> But don't you also need to define rcu_eqs_special_exit() so that RCU
> can invoke it when it next leaves its quiescent state?  Or are you able
> to ignore the CPU in that case?  (If you are able to ignore the CPU in
> that case, I could give you a lower-cost function to get your job done.)
> 
> 							Thanx, Paul

What's actually needed for synchronization is issuing memory barrier on target
CPUs before we start executing kernel code.

smp_mb() is implicitly called in smp_call_function*() path for it. In
rcu_eqs_special_set() -> rcu_dynticks_eqs_exit() path, smp_mb__after_atomic()
is called just before rcu_eqs_special_exit().

So I think, rcu_eqs_special_exit() may be left untouched. Empty
rcu_eqs_special_exit() in new RCU path corresponds empty do_nothing() in old
IPI path.

Or my understanding of smp_mb__after_atomic() is wrong? By default, 
smp_mb__after_atomic() is just alias to smp_mb(). But some
architectures define it differently. x86, for example, aliases it to
just barrier() with a comment: "Atomic operations are already
serializing on x86".

I was initially thinking that it's also fine to leave
rcu_eqs_special_exit() empty in this case, but now I'm not sure...

Anyway, answering to your question, we shouldn't ignore quiescent
CPUs, and rcu_eqs_special_set() path is really needed as it issues
memory barrier on them.

Yury

> > +			cpumask_set_cpu(cpu, &kernel_cpus);
> > +	}
> > +	smp_call_function_many(&kernel_cpus, do_nothing, NULL, 1);
> > +	preempt_enable();
> > +}
> > +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kick_active_cpus_sync);
> > +
> >  /**
> >   * wake_up_all_idle_cpus - break all cpus out of idle
> >   * wake_up_all_idle_cpus try to break all cpus which is in idle state even
> > diff --git a/mm/slab.c b/mm/slab.c
> > index 324446621b3e..678d5dbd6f46 100644
> > --- a/mm/slab.c
> > +++ b/mm/slab.c
> > @@ -3856,7 +3856,7 @@ static int __do_tune_cpucache(struct kmem_cache *cachep, int limit,
> >  	 * cpus, so skip the IPIs.
> >  	 */
> >  	if (prev)
> > -		kick_all_cpus_sync();
> > +		kick_active_cpus_sync();
> > 
> >  	check_irq_on();
> >  	cachep->batchcount = batchcount;
> > -- 
> > 2.14.1
> >