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Date:   Mon, 9 Apr 2018 11:14:02 -0700
From:   "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
To:     Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc:     Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>,
        linux-nvdimm <linux-nvdimm@lists.01.org>,
        Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>,
        Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>,
        Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>,
        Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>,
        "Darrick J. Wong" <darrick.wong@oracle.com>,
        Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
        Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>,
        linux-fsdevel <linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org>,
        linux-xfs <linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org>,
        Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
        Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com>,
        Josh Triplett <josh.triplett@intel.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v8 15/18] mm, fs, dax: handle layout changes to pinned
 dax mappings
Reply-To: paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com
References: <152246892890.36038.18436540150980653229.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com>
 <152246901060.36038.4487158506830998280.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com>
 <20180404094656.dssixqvvdcp5jff2@quack2.suse.cz>
 <CAPcyv4joRA=BrurYZ1kzXpMG=jnXik9+LdLqH9961jM5VnmU7w@mail.gmail.com>
 <20180408031113.GO3948@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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On Mon, Apr 09, 2018 at 06:39:10PM +0200, Jan Kara wrote:
> On Sat 07-04-18 20:11:13, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> > On Sat, Apr 07, 2018 at 12:38:24PM -0700, Dan Williams wrote:
> > > [ adding Paul and Josh ]
> > > 
> > > On Wed, Apr 4, 2018 at 2:46 AM, Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> wrote:
> > > > On Fri 30-03-18 21:03:30, Dan Williams wrote:
> > > >> Background:
> > > >>
> > > >> get_user_pages() in the filesystem pins file backed memory pages for
> > > >> access by devices performing dma. However, it only pins the memory pages
> > > >> not the page-to-file offset association. If a file is truncated the
> > > >> pages are mapped out of the file and dma may continue indefinitely into
> > > >> a page that is owned by a device driver. This breaks coherency of the
> > > >> file vs dma, but the assumption is that if userspace wants the
> > > >> file-space truncated it does not matter what data is inbound from the
> > > >> device, it is not relevant anymore. The only expectation is that dma can
> > > >> safely continue while the filesystem reallocates the block(s).
> > > >>
> > > >> Problem:
> > > >>
> > > >> This expectation that dma can safely continue while the filesystem
> > > >> changes the block map is broken by dax. With dax the target dma page
> > > >> *is* the filesystem block. The model of leaving the page pinned for dma,
> > > >> but truncating the file block out of the file, means that the filesytem
> > > >> is free to reallocate a block under active dma to another file and now
> > > >> the expected data-incoherency situation has turned into active
> > > >> data-corruption.
> > > >>
> > > >> Solution:
> > > >>
> > > >> Defer all filesystem operations (fallocate(), truncate()) on a dax mode
> > > >> file while any page/block in the file is under active dma. This solution
> > > >> assumes that dma is transient. Cases where dma operations are known to
> > > >> not be transient, like RDMA, have been explicitly disabled via
> > > >> commits like 5f1d43de5416 "IB/core: disable memory registration of
> > > >> filesystem-dax vmas".
> > > >>
> > > >> The dax_layout_busy_page() routine is called by filesystems with a lock
> > > >> held against mm faults (i_mmap_lock) to find pinned / busy dax pages.
> > > >> The process of looking up a busy page invalidates all mappings
> > > >> to trigger any subsequent get_user_pages() to block on i_mmap_lock.
> > > >> The filesystem continues to call dax_layout_busy_page() until it finally
> > > >> returns no more active pages. This approach assumes that the page
> > > >> pinning is transient, if that assumption is violated the system would
> > > >> have likely hung from the uncompleted I/O.
> > > >>
> > > >> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
> > > >> Cc: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
> > > >> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
> > > >> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
> > > >> Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
> > > >> Cc: "Darrick J. Wong" <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
> > > >> Cc: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
> > > >> Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
> > > >> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
> > > >> Reported-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
> > > >> Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
> > > >> Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
> > > >> ---
> > > >>  drivers/dax/super.c |    2 +
> > > >>  fs/dax.c            |   92 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> > > >>  include/linux/dax.h |   25 ++++++++++++++
> > > >>  mm/gup.c            |    5 +++
> > > >>  4 files changed, 123 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> > > >
> > > > ...
> > > >
> > > >> +/**
> > > >> + * dax_layout_busy_page - find first pinned page in @mapping
> > > >> + * @mapping: address space to scan for a page with ref count > 1
> > > >> + *
> > > >> + * DAX requires ZONE_DEVICE mapped pages. These pages are never
> > > >> + * 'onlined' to the page allocator so they are considered idle when
> > > >> + * page->count == 1. A filesystem uses this interface to determine if
> > > >> + * any page in the mapping is busy, i.e. for DMA, or other
> > > >> + * get_user_pages() usages.
> > > >> + *
> > > >> + * It is expected that the filesystem is holding locks to block the
> > > >> + * establishment of new mappings in this address_space. I.e. it expects
> > > >> + * to be able to run unmap_mapping_range() and subsequently not race
> > > >> + * mapping_mapped() becoming true. It expects that get_user_pages() pte
> > > >> + * walks are performed under rcu_read_lock().
> > > >> + */
> > > >> +struct page *dax_layout_busy_page(struct address_space *mapping)
> > > >> +{
> > > >> +     pgoff_t indices[PAGEVEC_SIZE];
> > > >> +     struct page *page = NULL;
> > > >> +     struct pagevec pvec;
> > > >> +     pgoff_t index, end;
> > > >> +     unsigned i;
> > > >> +
> > > >> +     /*
> > > >> +      * In the 'limited' case get_user_pages() for dax is disabled.
> > > >> +      */
> > > >> +     if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_FS_DAX_LIMITED))
> > > >> +             return NULL;
> > > >> +
> > > >> +     if (!dax_mapping(mapping) || !mapping_mapped(mapping))
> > > >> +             return NULL;
> > > >> +
> > > >> +     pagevec_init(&pvec);
> > > >> +     index = 0;
> > > >> +     end = -1;
> > > >> +     /*
> > > >> +      * Flush dax_layout_lock() sections to ensure all possible page
> > > >> +      * references have been taken, or otherwise arrange for faults
> > > >> +      * to block on the filesystem lock that is taken for
> > > >> +      * establishing new mappings.
> > > >> +      */
> > > >> +     unmap_mapping_range(mapping, 0, 0, 1);
> > > >> +     synchronize_rcu();
> > > >
> > > > So I still don't like the use of RCU for this. It just seems as an abuse to
> > > > use RCU like that. Furthermore it has a hefty latency cost for the truncate
> > > > path. A trivial test to truncate 100 times the last page of a 16k file that
> > > > is mmaped (only the first page):
> > > >
> > > > DAX+your patches        3.899s
> > > > non-DAX                 0.015s
> > > >
> > > > So you can see synchronize_rcu() increased time to run truncate(2) more
> > > > than 200 times (the process is indeed sitting in __wait_rcu_gp all the
> > > > time). IMHO that's just too costly.
> > > 
> > > I wonder if this can be trivially solved by using srcu. I.e. we don't
> > > need to wait for a global quiescent state, just a
> > > get_user_pages_fast() quiescent state. ...or is that an abuse of the
> > > srcu api?
> > 
> > From what I can see (not that I claim to understand DAX), SRCU
> > is worth trying.  Another thing to try (as a test) is to replace the
> > synchronize_rcu() above with synchronize_rcu_expedited(), which might
> > get you an order of magnitude or thereabouts.
> 
> But having synchronize_rcu_expedited() easily triggerable by userspace
> (potentially every 100 usec or even less) is not a great thing, right?
> It would be hogging the system with IPIs...

Yes, and that is why I have "(as a test)" above.  If doing that restores
performance in the trivial-truncation case, that at least lets us know what
needs to happen, even though it does have some drawbacks.

And there is a synchronize_srcu_expedited() that does not do IPIs, if
that helps.

Another approach is to use call_rcu(), but I am guessing that you cannot
safely return to user until the grace period has completed.

							Thanx, Paul