From: Andries.Brouwer@cwi.nl
Date: Wed, 24 Sep 2003 22:29:50 +0200 (MEST)
Message-Id: <UTC200309242029.h8OKTo008219.aeb@smtp.cwi.nl>
To: dougg@torque.net, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Subject: rfc: test whether a device has a partition table
Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org
Content-Length: 3572
Lines: 120

As everyone knows it is a bad idea to let the kernel guess
whether there is a partition table on a given block device,
and if so, of what type.
Nevertheless this is what almost everybody does.

Until now the philosophy was: floppies do not have a partition table,
disks do have one, and for ZIP drives nobody knows. With USB we get
more types of block device that may or may not have a partition table
(and if they have none, usually there is a FAT filesystem with bootsector).
In such cases the kernel assumes a partition table, and creates a mess
if there was none. Some heuristics are needed.

Many checks are possible (for a DOS-type partition table: boot indicator
must be 0 or 0x80, partitions are not larger than the disk,
non-extended partitions are mutually disjoint; for a boot sector:
it starts with a jump, the number of bytes per sector is 512 or
at least a power of two, the number of sectors per cluster is 1
or at least a power of two, the number of reserved sectors is 1 or 32,
the number of FAT copies is 2, ...).

I tried a minimal test, and the below is good enough for the
boot sectors and DOS-type partition tables that I have here.

So, question: are there people with DOS-type partition tables
or FAT fs bootsectors where the below gives the wrong answer?
I would be interested in a copy of the sector.

I expect to submit some sanity check to DOS-type partition table
parsing, and hope to recognize with high probability the presence
of a full disk FAT filesystem.

Andries

------------ sniffsect.c -----------------

/*
 * Given a block device, does it have a DOS-type partition table?
 * Or does it behave like a floppy and have a whole-disk filesystem?
 * Or is it something else?
 *
 * Return 1 for pt, -1 for boot sect, 0 for unknown.
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

/* DOS-type partition */
struct partition {
	unsigned char bootable;             /* 0 or 0x80 */
	unsigned char begin_chs[3];
	unsigned char systype;
	unsigned char end_chs[3];
	unsigned char start_sect[4];
	unsigned char nr_sects[4];
};

int sniffsect(unsigned char *p) {
	struct partition *pt;
	int i, n;
	int maybept = 1;
	int maybebs = 1;

	/* Both DOS-type pt and boot sector have a 55 aa signature */
	if (p[510] != 0x55 || p[511] != 0xaa)
		return 0;

	/* A partition table has boot indicators 0 or 0x80 */
	for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
		pt = (struct partition *)(p + 446 + 16*i);
		if (pt->bootable != 0 && pt->bootable != 0x80)
			maybept = 0;
	}

	/* A boot sector has a power of two as #sectors/cluster */
	n = p[13];
	if (n == 0 || (n & (n-1)) != 0)
		maybebs = 0;

	/* A boot sector has a power of two as #bytes/sector */
	n = (p[12] << 8) + p[11];
	if (n == 0 || (n & (n-1)) != 0)
		maybebs = 0;

	return maybept - maybebs;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	unsigned char sect[512];
	int fd, n;

	if (argc != 2) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Call: sniffsect file\n");
		exit(1);
	}

	fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
	if (fd == -1) {
		perror(argv[1]);
		fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open %s\n", argv[1]);
		exit(1);
	}

	n = read(fd, sect, sizeof(sect));
	if (n != sizeof(sect)) {
		if (n == -1)
			perror(argv[1]);
		fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read 512 bytes from %s\n", argv[1]);
		exit(1);
	}

	n = sniffsect(sect);
	printf((n == 1) ? "partition table\n" :
	       (n == -1) ? "boot sector\n" : "no idea\n");
	return 0;
}
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