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Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH] selinux: add a fallback to defcontext for native
 labeling
To:     Taras Kondratiuk <takondra@cisco.com>,
        Eric Paris <eparis@parisplace.org>,
        Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
Cc:     selinux@tycho.nsa.gov, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
        xe-linux-external@cisco.com
References: <20180919165248.53090-1-takondra@cisco.com>
 <f283c1e7-19eb-2b99-3fef-a19e2bf99a2b@tycho.nsa.gov>
 <153741130781.7326.1773144725860636439@takondra-t460s>
 <9a944aea-f35e-5a49-841d-6bfca8f17b9d@tycho.nsa.gov>
 <153748436388.5590.1406237328277739821@takondra-t460s>
From:   Stephen Smalley <sds@tycho.nsa.gov>
Message-ID: <66ec16b0-a335-d9ef-deb3-ef391cdd66e0@tycho.nsa.gov>
Date:   Fri, 21 Sep 2018 10:40:58 -0400
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On 09/20/2018 06:59 PM, Taras Kondratiuk wrote:
> Quoting Stephen Smalley (2018-09-20 07:49:12)
>> On 09/19/2018 10:41 PM, Taras Kondratiuk wrote:
>>> Quoting Stephen Smalley (2018-09-19 12:00:33)
>>>> On 09/19/2018 12:52 PM, Taras Kondratiuk wrote:
>>>>> When files on NFSv4 server are not properly labeled (label doesn't match
>>>>> a policy on a client) they will end up with unlabeled_t type which is
>>>>> too generic. We would like to be able to set a default context per
>>>>> mount. 'defcontext' mount option looks like a nice solution, but it
>>>>> doesn't seem to be fully implemented for native labeling. Default
>>>>> context is stored, but is never used.
>>>>>
>>>>> The patch adds a fallback to a default context if a received context is
>>>>> invalid. If the inode context is already initialized, then it is left
>>>>> untouched to preserve a context set locally on a client.
>>>>
>>>> Can you explain the use case further?  Why are you exporting a
>>>> filesystem with security labeling enabled to a client that doesn't
>>>> understand all of the labels used within it?  Why wouldn't you just
>>>> disable NFSv4 security labeling and/or use a regular context= mount to
>>>> assign a single context to all files in the mount?
>>>
>>> Client and server are two embedded devices. They are part of a bigger
>>> modular system and normally run the same SW version, so they understand
>>> each others NFSv4 SELinux labels. But during migration from one SW
>>> version to another a client and a server may run different versions for
>>> some time.
>>>
>>> The immediate issue I'm trying to address is a migration between
>>> releases with and without SELinux policy. A client (with policy) gets
>>> initial SID labels from a server (without policy). Those labels are
>>> considered invalid, so files remain unlabeled. This also causes lots of
>>> errors from nfs_setsecurity() in dmesg.
>>
>> Why are you enabling SELinux on the server without loading a policy?
>> Are you concerned about denials on the server? For that, you could
>> always run it permissive until you are confident you have a working policy.
>>
>> Why are you enabling security_label in exports before you have a policy
>> loaded?  It doesn't appear that will ever work, since nfsd asks the
>> security module for the labels, not the local filesystem directly.
>>
>> I understand that this doesn't fully address your use case, but it seems
>> like you could avoid this particular situation altogether just by
>> loading a policy (at which point your server can return actual contexts)
>> or by removing security_label from your exports (at which point your
>> server won't try returning contexts and the client will just apply the
>> default for nfs) until you get to the point of loading a policy.
> 
> It wasn't intentional configuration. Server is running v4.4.x kernel
> that had security labels enabled by default for NFS 4.2. This was a bug:
> https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1406885
> Commit that introduced security_label 32ddd944a056 ("nfsd: opt in to
> labeled nfs per export") appeared in v4.11 only.
> 
> We hit this bug during migration to newer releases with SELinux, but the
> older release is already in the field and we need to handle it.

Ok, I understand the kernel bug, but not why your servers are in a state 
where SELinux is enabled but no policy is loaded.  That is not a 
well-tested code path aside from early system initialization prior to 
first policy load by systemd/init.  You would be better off either 
disabling SELinux on the servers entirely (thereby automatically 
disabling NFSv4.2 security labeling) or installing/loading a policy on 
the servers (thereby enabling them to produce valid security labels for 
the client at least to the extent that they agree on policy).  If you 
are concerned about denials on the server, then you could always leave 
the servers permissive initially and collect audit logs until you are 
confident your policy is adequate.

>>
>>>
>>>>
>>>> To be clear, defcontext= doesn't work that way for local/FS_USE_XATTR
>>>> filesystems. The context specified by it is only used for:
>>>> 1) files that don't implement the xattr inode operations at all,
>>>> 2) files that lack a security.selinux xattr,
>>>> 3) the MLS portion of the context if it was missing (strictly as a
>>>> legacy compatibility mechanism for RHEL4 which predated the enabling of
>>>> the MLS field/logic).
>>>>
>>>> A file with a security.selinux xattr that is invalid under policy for
>>>> any reason other than a missing MLS field will be handled as having the
>>>> unlabeled context.
>>>
>>> inode_doinit_with_dentry() invokes security_context_to_sid_default()
>>> that invokes security_context_to_sid_core() with 'force' flag. Won't
>>> sidtab_context_to_sid() in this case allocate a new SID for the invalid
>>> xattr context instead of leaving it unlabeled?
>>
>> It will be treated as having the unlabeled context for access control
>> purposes and that is what getxattr will return to userspace processes
>> unless they have CAP_MAC_ADMIN and SELinux mac_admin permission, but
>> internally SELinux will keep track of the original xattr context value
>> and will later retry to map it upon a policy reload, switching over to
>> using it for access control and getxattr if it becomes valid under a new
>> policy.  That support was added to support scenarios where a package
>> manager sets a file context before it has loaded the policy module that
>> defines it, or scenarios where one is generating a filesystem image for
>> another OS/release with different policy. That is likely something you
>> need/want for NFS as well if you want the client to start using the
>> context as soon as it becomes valid upon a policy update/reload and not
>> have to wait for the inode to be evicted.
> 
> So now handling of invalid labels is different for xattrs (labels are
> preserved) and native (labels are discarded). Maybe it is worth to align
> this behavior. It should make introduction of defcontext for native
> easier.

Perhaps.  However, this handling of invalid labels is in conflict with 
your suggested behavior for defcontext=.  If we set the inode sid to the 
superblock def_sid on an invalid context, then we lose the association 
to the original context value. The support for deferred mapping of 
contexts requires allocating a new SID for the invalid context and 
storing that SID in the inode, so that if the context later becomes 
valid upon a policy update/reload, the inode SID will refer to the now 
valid context.  To combine the two, we would need 
security_context_to_sid_core() to save the def_sid in the context 
structure for invalid contexts, and change sidtab_search_core() to use 
that value instead of SECINITSID_UNLABELED for invalid SIDs.  Then the 
inode would be treated as having the defcontext for access control and 
getxattr() w/o CAP_MAC_ADMIN purposes, but a subsequent policy 
update/reload that makes the context valid would automatically cause 
subsequent accesses to the inode to start using the original context 
value for access control and getxattr() purposes.  I think that's the 
behavior you want.

>>>> So this would be a divergence in semantics for defcontext= between
>>>> local/FS_USE_XATTR and NFS/FS_USE_NATIVE filesystems.
>>>
>>> Yeah, I also didn't like this semantics mismatch. But from another point
>>> defcontext allows to assign a context to files that would otherwise be
>>> unlabeled. Something similar I'd like to achive for NFS.
>>
>> Yes, I can see the appeal of it.  I guess the question is whether we
>> can/should do it via defcontext= or via some new option, and if we do it
>> via defcontext=, can/should we change the semantics for local/xattr
>> filesystems to match?  Wondering how widely defcontext= is actually used.
> 
> Is the current behavior of defcontext for xattrs intentional or it is a
> side effect? Honestly it is a bit confusing. Without defcontext really
> unlabeled files and files with invalid labels are treated as unlabeled.
> Can a user without MAC_ADMIN even distinguish them? With defcontext only
> really unlabeled files get default context, but invalid labels still
> remain unlabeled.

It was intentional at the time, but the history is somewhat convoluted. 
The two cases are actually distinguished by different initial SIDs 
(SECINITSID_FILE vs SECINITSID_UNLABELED) and used to have different 
types in policy (file_t vs unlabeled_t), but this distinction has been 
coalesced in modern policies (where file_t is an alias of unlabeled_t).
IIRC, the original distinction was to support migration from non-SELinux 
to SELinux since filesystems were initially unlabeled. defcontext= was 
originally just a way of specifying per-mount alternatives to the global 
policy definition of the context for SECINITSID_FILE.

> 
> IMO it would be more consistent if defcontext cover all "unlabeled"
> groups. It seems unlikely to me that somebody who currently uses
> defcontext can somehow rely on mapping invalid labels to unlabeled
> instead of default context.

Yes, and that seems more consistent with the current documentation in 
the mount man page for defcontext=.

I'd be inclined to change selinux_inode_notifysecctx() to call 
security_context_to_sid_default() directly instead of using 
selinux_inode_setsecurity() and change security_context_to_sid_core() 
and sidtab_search_core() as suggested above to save and use the def_sid 
instead of SECINITSID_UNLABELED always (initializing the context def_sid 
to SECINITSID_UNLABELED as the default).  selinux_inode_setsecurity() we 
should leave unchanged, or if we change it at all, it should be more 
like the handling in selinux_inode_setxattr().  The notifysecctx hook is 
invoked by the filesystem to notify the security module of the file's 
existing security context, so in that case we always want the _default 
behavior, whereas the setsecurity hook is invoked by the vfs or the 
filesystem to set the security context of a file to a new value, so in 
that case we would only use the _force interface if the caller had 
CAP_MAC_ADMIN.

Paul, what say you?  NB This would be a user-visible behavior change for 
mounts specifying defcontext= on xattr filesystems; files with invalid 
contexts will then show up with the defcontext value instead of the 
unlabeled context.  If that's too risky, then we'd need a flag or 
something to security_context_to_sid_default() to distinguish the 
behaviors and only set it when called from selinux_inode_notifysecctx().