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[209.132.180.67]) by mx.google.com with ESMTP id h131-v6si34415080pgc.122.2018.10.22.08.12.44; Mon, 22 Oct 2018 08:13:09 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 209.132.180.67 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.132.180.67; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; dkim=pass header.i=@oracle.com header.s=corp-2018-07-02 header.b="IuL98/sy"; spf=pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 209.132.180.67 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=NONE sp=NONE dis=NONE) header.from=oracle.com Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1728470AbeJVX2j (ORCPT + 99 others); Mon, 22 Oct 2018 19:28:39 -0400 Received: from userp2130.oracle.com ([156.151.31.86]:58536 "EHLO userp2130.oracle.com" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1728280AbeJVX2g (ORCPT ); Mon, 22 Oct 2018 19:28:36 -0400 Received: from pps.filterd (userp2130.oracle.com [127.0.0.1]) by userp2130.oracle.com (8.16.0.22/8.16.0.22) with SMTP id w9MF4HsB151125; Mon, 22 Oct 2018 15:09:07 GMT DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=oracle.com; h=from : to : cc : subject : date : message-id; s=corp-2018-07-02; bh=bieIWvbDOVTgJZqn2FMpD1LM637uSPgdDTNpV+3syoU=; b=IuL98/sy0kh8uaeTzFWkPdtjzdrF14ENceXCqoVOw+59Dt8UCsCmmD8wLhWBh8NMxDY8 VJoMvNZ/9kJKRNl91vF2tTkrp7sjBvytX+AMb70xA5UYq6VvrpaLJjSIDLxlWZJHTvO8 iWmA6cF8d2qstC4y3G2+IAcFXpImsy/xDhMSIljf4BFEYaCD6QTHOUGXJN7ZiTPRKRWF 7HMGk9bRUrb0cBR8FtVlZhA47dyXNrGzgdg0OAQpt5bl5aL4Nf7RRLpQ7nZhnMp/M+lk OqqY7ZOVaSjokY7IKeoITEeeEHNcpvhXIMLGGYVDHi9ljgEKBkamXOv5sy3O/Uuw5d7W gg== Received: from userv0021.oracle.com (userv0021.oracle.com [156.151.31.71]) by userp2130.oracle.com with ESMTP id 2n7usty8fd-1 (version=TLSv1.2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=OK); Mon, 22 Oct 2018 15:09:06 +0000 Received: from userv0122.oracle.com (userv0122.oracle.com [156.151.31.75]) by userv0021.oracle.com (8.14.4/8.14.4) with ESMTP id w9MF96wb008773 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 bits=256 verify=OK); Mon, 22 Oct 2018 15:09:06 GMT Received: from abhmp0018.oracle.com (abhmp0018.oracle.com [141.146.116.24]) by userv0122.oracle.com (8.14.4/8.14.4) with ESMTP id w9MF95Qw020718; Mon, 22 Oct 2018 15:09:05 GMT Received: from ca-dev63.us.oracle.com (/10.211.8.221) by default (Oracle Beehive Gateway v4.0) with ESMTP ; Mon, 22 Oct 2018 08:09:05 -0700 From: Steve Sistare To: mingo@redhat.com, peterz@infradead.org Cc: subhra.mazumdar@oracle.com, dhaval.giani@oracle.com, rohit.k.jain@oracle.com, daniel.m.jordan@oracle.com, pavel.tatashin@microsoft.com, matt@codeblueprint.co.uk, umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com, riel@redhat.com, jbacik@fb.com, juri.lelli@redhat.com, steven.sistare@oracle.com, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Subject: [PATCH 00/10] steal tasks to improve CPU utilization Date: Mon, 22 Oct 2018 07:59:31 -0700 Message-Id: <1540220381-424433-1-git-send-email-steven.sistare@oracle.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 1.8.3.1 X-Proofpoint-Virus-Version: vendor=nai engine=5900 definitions=9053 signatures=668683 X-Proofpoint-Spam-Details: rule=notspam policy=default score=0 suspectscore=0 malwarescore=0 phishscore=0 bulkscore=0 spamscore=0 mlxscore=0 mlxlogscore=999 adultscore=0 classifier=spam adjust=0 reason=mlx scancount=1 engine=8.0.1-1807170000 definitions=main-1810220129 Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org When a CPU has no more CFS tasks to run, and idle_balance() fails to find a task, then attempt to steal a task from an overloaded CPU in the same LLC. Maintain and use a bitmap of overloaded CPUs to efficiently identify candidates. To minimize search time, steal the first migratable task that is found when the bitmap is traversed. For fairness, search for migratable tasks on an overloaded CPU in order of next to run. This simple stealing yields a higher CPU utilization than idle_balance() alone, because the search is cheap, so it may be called every time the CPU is about to go idle. idle_balance() does more work because it searches widely for the busiest queue, so to limit its CPU consumption, it declines to search if the system is too busy. Simple stealing does not offload the globally busiest queue, but it is much better than running nothing at all. The bitmap of overloaded CPUs is a new type of sparse bitmap, designed to reduce cache contention vs the usual bitmap when many threads concurrently set, clear, and visit elements. Patch 1 defines the sparsemask type and its operations. Patches 2, 3, and 4 implement the bitmap of overloaded CPUs. Patches 5 and 6 refactor existing code for a cleaner merge of later patches. Patches 7 and 8 implement task stealing using the overloaded CPUs bitmap. Patch 9 disables stealing on systems with more than 2 NUMA nodes for the time being because of performance regressions that are not due to stealing per-se. See the patch description for details. Patch 10 adds schedstats for comparing the new behavior to the old, and provided as a convenience for developers only, not for integration. The patch series is based on kernel 4.19.0-rc7. It compiles, boots, and runs with/without each of CONFIG_SCHED_SMT, CONFIG_SMP, CONFIG_SCHED_DEBUG, and CONFIG_PREEMPT. It runs without error with CONFIG_DEBUG_PREEMPT + CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG + CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC + CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES + CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK + CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP. CPU hot plug and CPU bandwidth control were tested. Stealing imprroves utilization with only a modest CPU overhead in scheduler code. In the following experiment, hackbench is run with varying numbers of groups (40 tasks per group), and the delta in /proc/schedstat is shown for each run, averaged per CPU, augmented with these non-standard stats: %find - percent of time spent in old and new functions that search for idle CPUs and tasks to steal and set the overloaded CPUs bitmap. steal - number of times a task is stolen from another CPU. X6-2: 1 socket * 10 cores * 2 hyperthreads = 20 CPUs Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2630 v4 @ 2.20GHz hackbench process 100000 sched_wakeup_granularity_ns=15000000 baseline grps time %busy slice sched idle wake %find steal 1 8.084 75.02 0.10 105476 46291 59183 0.31 0 2 13.892 85.33 0.10 190225 70958 119264 0.45 0 3 19.668 89.04 0.10 263896 87047 176850 0.49 0 4 25.279 91.28 0.10 322171 94691 227474 0.51 0 8 47.832 94.86 0.09 630636 144141 486322 0.56 0 new grps time %busy slice sched idle wake %find steal %speedup 1 5.938 96.80 0.24 31255 7190 24061 0.63 7433 36.1 2 11.491 99.23 0.16 74097 4578 69512 0.84 19463 20.9 3 16.987 99.66 0.15 115824 1985 113826 0.77 24707 15.8 4 22.504 99.80 0.14 167188 2385 164786 0.75 29353 12.3 8 44.441 99.86 0.11 389153 1616 387401 0.67 38190 7.6 Elapsed time improves by 8 to 36%, and CPU busy utilization is up by 5 to 22% hitting 99% for 2 or more groups (80 or more tasks). The cost is at most 0.4% more find time. Additional performance results follow. A negative "speedup" is a regression. Note: for all hackbench runs, sched_wakeup_granularity_ns is set to 15 msec. Otherwise, preemptions increase at higher loads and distort the comparison between baseline and new. ------------------ 1 Socket Results ------------------ X6-2: 1 socket * 10 cores * 2 hyperthreads = 20 CPUs Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2630 v4 @ 2.20GHz Average of 10 runs of: hackbench process 100000 --- base -- --- new --- groups time %stdev time %stdev %speedup 1 8.008 0.1 5.905 0.2 35.6 2 13.814 0.2 11.438 0.1 20.7 3 19.488 0.2 16.919 0.1 15.1 4 25.059 0.1 22.409 0.1 11.8 8 47.478 0.1 44.221 0.1 7.3 X6-2: 1 socket * 22 cores * 2 hyperthreads = 44 CPUs Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699 v4 @ 2.20GHz Average of 10 runs of: hackbench process 100000 --- base -- --- new --- groups time %stdev time %stdev %speedup 1 4.586 0.8 4.596 0.6 -0.3 2 7.693 0.2 5.775 1.3 33.2 3 10.442 0.3 8.288 0.3 25.9 4 13.087 0.2 11.057 0.1 18.3 8 24.145 0.2 22.076 0.3 9.3 16 43.779 0.1 41.741 0.2 4.8 KVM 4-cpu Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699 v3 @ 2.30GHz tbench, average of 11 runs. clients %speedup 1 16.2 2 11.7 4 9.9 8 12.8 16 13.7 KVM 2-cpu Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699 v3 @ 2.30GHz Benchmark %speedup specjbb2015_critical_jops 5.7 mysql_sysb1.0.14_mutex_2 40.6 mysql_sysb1.0.14_oltp_2 3.9 ------------------ 2 Socket Results ------------------ X6-2: 2 sockets * 10 cores * 2 hyperthreads = 40 CPUs Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2630 v4 @ 2.20GHz Average of 10 runs of: hackbench process 100000 --- base -- --- new --- groups time %stdev time %stdev %speedup 1 7.945 0.2 7.219 8.7 10.0 2 8.444 0.4 6.689 1.5 26.2 3 12.100 1.1 9.962 2.0 21.4 4 15.001 0.4 13.109 1.1 14.4 8 27.960 0.2 26.127 0.3 7.0 X6-2: 2 sockets * 22 cores * 2 hyperthreads = 88 CPUs Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699 v4 @ 2.20GHz Average of 10 runs of: hackbench process 100000 --- base -- --- new --- groups time %stdev time %stdev %speedup 1 5.826 5.4 5.840 5.0 -0.3 2 5.041 5.3 6.171 23.4 -18.4 3 6.839 2.1 6.324 3.8 8.1 4 8.177 0.6 7.318 3.6 11.7 8 14.429 0.7 13.966 1.3 3.3 16 26.401 0.3 25.149 1.5 4.9 X6-2: 2 sockets * 22 cores * 2 hyperthreads = 88 CPUs Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699 v4 @ 2.20GHz Oracle database OLTP, logging disabled, NVRAM storage Customers Users %speedup 1200000 40 -1.2 2400000 80 2.7 3600000 120 8.9 4800000 160 4.4 6000000 200 3.0 X6-2: 2 sockets * 14 cores * 2 hyperthreads = 56 CPUs Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2690 v4 @ 2.60GHz Results from the Oracle "Performance PIT". Benchmark %speedup mysql_sysb1.0.14_fileio_56_rndrd 19.6 mysql_sysb1.0.14_fileio_56_seqrd 12.1 mysql_sysb1.0.14_fileio_56_rndwr 0.4 mysql_sysb1.0.14_fileio_56_seqrewr -0.3 pgsql_sysb1.0.14_fileio_56_rndrd 19.5 pgsql_sysb1.0.14_fileio_56_seqrd 8.6 pgsql_sysb1.0.14_fileio_56_rndwr 1.0 pgsql_sysb1.0.14_fileio_56_seqrewr 0.5 opatch_time_ASM_12.2.0.1.0_HP2M 7.5 select-1_users-warm_asmm_ASM_12.2.0.1.0_HP2M 5.1 select-1_users_asmm_ASM_12.2.0.1.0_HP2M 4.4 swingbenchv3_asmm_soebench_ASM_12.2.0.1.0_HP2M 5.8 lm3_memlat_L2 4.8 lm3_memlat_L1 0.0 ub_gcc_56CPUs-56copies_Pipe-based_Context_Switching 60.1 ub_gcc_56CPUs-56copies_Shell_Scripts_1_concurrent 5.2 ub_gcc_56CPUs-56copies_Shell_Scripts_8_concurrent -3.0 ub_gcc_56CPUs-56copies_File_Copy_1024_bufsize_2000_maxblocks 2.4 X5-2: 2 sockets * 18 cores * 2 hyperthreads = 72 CPUs Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2699 v3 @ 2.30GHz NAS_OMP bench class ncpu %improved(Mops) dc B 72 1.3 is C 72 0.9 is D 72 0.7 sysbench mysql, average of 24 runs --- base --- --- new --- nthr events %stdev events %stdev %speedup 1 331.0 0.25 331.0 0.24 -0.1 2 661.3 0.22 661.8 0.22 0.0 4 1297.0 0.88 1300.5 0.82 0.2 8 2420.8 0.04 2420.5 0.04 -0.1 16 4826.3 0.07 4825.4 0.05 -0.1 32 8815.3 0.27 8830.2 0.18 0.1 64 12823.0 0.24 12823.6 0.26 0.0 -------------------------------------------------------------- Steve Sistare (10): sched: Provide sparsemask, a reduced contention bitmap sched/topology: Provide hooks to allocate data shared per LLC sched/topology: Provide cfs_overload_cpus bitmap sched/fair: Dynamically update cfs_overload_cpus sched/fair: Hoist idle_stamp up from idle_balance sched/fair: Generalize the detach_task interface sched/fair: Provide can_migrate_task_llc sched/fair: Steal work from an overloaded CPU when CPU goes idle sched/fair: disable stealing if too many NUMA nodes sched/fair: Provide idle search schedstats include/linux/sched/topology.h | 1 + include/linux/sparsemask.h | 260 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ kernel/sched/core.c | 30 +++- kernel/sched/fair.c | 338 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- kernel/sched/features.h | 6 + kernel/sched/sched.h | 13 +- kernel/sched/stats.c | 11 +- kernel/sched/stats.h | 13 ++ kernel/sched/topology.c | 117 +++++++++++++- lib/Makefile | 2 +- lib/sparsemask.c | 142 +++++++++++++++++ 11 files changed, 898 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-) create mode 100644 include/linux/sparsemask.h create mode 100644 lib/sparsemask.c -- 1.8.3.1