Received: by 2002:a25:4158:0:0:0:0:0 with SMTP id o85csp5532401yba; Mon, 13 May 2019 12:31:57 -0700 (PDT) X-Google-Smtp-Source: APXvYqwEXkYFmOJctoyyggpvVVoPVY9mJ9a5WXAyOtAXuYwRLBvJa40jiWtsqn0CxYuFtVmOuhqO X-Received: by 2002:a63:3e47:: with SMTP id l68mr33162161pga.85.1557775917546; Mon, 13 May 2019 12:31:57 -0700 (PDT) ARC-Seal: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; t=1557775917; cv=none; d=google.com; s=arc-20160816; b=loFLabB/DY3yvZGvmUtyvLGNh50scu+xx0l5QlIiJIngdk/LKpiJJHz8FL9+wQIj11 GAfkqIbJQhPNHxbCJcFH3dmcs8Gnn2BhyGWkbipAJo+nGWiHbEXf273LC75i17HbY8CC Cr8KmLZJU7bclFfgryY9GARho3aw1dRLBa06bQp7d2eBmscN3qwPG6NGjO1bpwqzTVEA j3c3mkPNm4uTmoWLtkcomgiygPI/fLOj/ZhUUA6YAbQOLJBcZJ7tUbCPEJFtMq8jvnD1 B1PauYnqlwE6LosUG5GBvlLyrGBlC2oj7aw4pa+3zrbZcCexsCIOZ+qBl0cW2KiQkcxd nH1g== ARC-Message-Signature: i=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=google.com; s=arc-20160816; h=list-id:precedence:sender:user-agent:in-reply-to :content-transfer-encoding:content-disposition:mime-version :references:message-id:subject:cc:to:from:date:dkim-signature; bh=cUli1fY/TnRHw+1cITR1OZZRyWZTX1V9eLwDdv3i0gE=; b=SmzQzixylq4tWjH2TPb1P98s+FEaqef7yNQARPRoIzalN64+Z+GJHOlVr1WXNEIMcq LF/aIuO6XYbvz9g7xPA3jKJ56MAJZV9BCoHTur6gqihPYUWYqpqZeeGhsyXlyw1XyJ9H uoq16Ql6AzIySdv0uF4AzpVgFZlzaGOt44sfHCOVrljEiuXPTnOY0UmlGIpOYWqm3Msc YgcV1BHzMSJsJNpaO3tPmLOmrV2LXX+eHHofSGwqT7yKs2711BjpmYtxJ4E9jzbObaR6 yDvC09Sr2WJ5gAByUZgXklpt6Gblba3ORyXD7D+GI42VLYKk+s3DANIzL1X03WELGdpo dkyQ== ARC-Authentication-Results: i=1; mx.google.com; dkim=pass header.i=@gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=hBdNBHMa; spf=pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 209.132.180.67 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=NONE sp=QUARANTINE dis=NONE) header.from=gmail.com Return-Path: Received: from vger.kernel.org (vger.kernel.org. [209.132.180.67]) by mx.google.com with ESMTP id h22si2730460pfj.52.2019.05.13.12.31.41; Mon, 13 May 2019 12:31:57 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 209.132.180.67 as permitted sender) client-ip=209.132.180.67; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; dkim=pass header.i=@gmail.com header.s=20161025 header.b=hBdNBHMa; spf=pass (google.com: best guess record for domain of linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 209.132.180.67 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=NONE sp=QUARANTINE dis=NONE) header.from=gmail.com Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1731396AbfEMRUM (ORCPT + 99 others); Mon, 13 May 2019 13:20:12 -0400 Received: from mail-qt1-f194.google.com ([209.85.160.194]:41081 "EHLO mail-qt1-f194.google.com" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1726709AbfEMRUM (ORCPT ); Mon, 13 May 2019 13:20:12 -0400 Received: by mail-qt1-f194.google.com with SMTP id y22so12226077qtn.8; Mon, 13 May 2019 10:20:11 -0700 (PDT) DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=gmail.com; s=20161025; h=date:from:to:cc:subject:message-id:references:mime-version :content-disposition:content-transfer-encoding:in-reply-to :user-agent; bh=cUli1fY/TnRHw+1cITR1OZZRyWZTX1V9eLwDdv3i0gE=; b=hBdNBHMa0fxs+3kYZVBL7sxvvtlGe8C2rvbsD+8fpbC1gbVUbAq3/lyYvJ8IFxmY3V wZydL857hZYwrOw5/Zn5L7ViUVbohSC8DE+ghE1LsdDzvcKBd9Emt5AqOEM5uiSxnwH5 GQ/Gns1l2FlhxSQtqX6BhGSYDd5Na/D7ufOowJ0Z1g1+kGrJS5rp3+uHYQn0tlT5GB2T TsdhnTpTl87DSGM9SjlQ2PA2KUCBQy42CO2dL+t2nCWkrZJ9jNxLY6q+mHGlWkpogn21 KI3boxFJ0jWxYyOZVWd63F81Ubo1u3vklnwI4PBfX5pGQMAVAmuTdvinfpHKm/2WC12e 7TFg== X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20161025; h=x-gm-message-state:date:from:to:cc:subject:message-id:references :mime-version:content-disposition:content-transfer-encoding :in-reply-to:user-agent; bh=cUli1fY/TnRHw+1cITR1OZZRyWZTX1V9eLwDdv3i0gE=; b=AxKDc+77EbRf2o2ACmZP4k8SAt/T60ZgsrwqYvaRgK4TXgBx/8LJxaZoEJIiKFK+HX 8BcYYWZScIMFXPWECg4if5uc0RTg/kCs3d1/detlxwBUFS1olpfyO6hyE1Lxd509dDfj 6VbBFfYe9VBPIFYXNjJlcu1n4pmS9n1SpUsFj6WlKhdlz/Dt3lXvOzQ0l9LBlP1gboDb TBBrlgXJ4DAq+o6/4wB5cJv7AQ4PY5gEi2ZMiRDCYVhvr9EeyZPGdaj9mb5z3BnyDXdn oLpJ7HiwHnP9YgJLZb+mM7s/cdWLxJjsCDWos7nOktOcQi1fZHAjENQluUkg/Kzm2GDx /bng== X-Gm-Message-State: APjAAAWhd0V7WiwUQvrz49hRBUVAZltgIvXbKHzbCBNY5QCZy3RMeS7E YtJq0KtE1UPuFr+4rbXsVKU= X-Received: by 2002:a0c:87f4:: with SMTP id 49mr23738749qvk.149.1557768010564; Mon, 13 May 2019 10:20:10 -0700 (PDT) Received: from rani.riverdale.lan ([2001:470:1f07:5f3::b55f]) by smtp.gmail.com with ESMTPSA id d15sm7218285qko.77.2019.05.13.10.20.09 (version=TLS1_2 cipher=ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 bits=128/128); Mon, 13 May 2019 10:20:10 -0700 (PDT) Date: Mon, 13 May 2019 13:20:08 -0400 From: Arvind Sankar To: Roberto Sassu Cc: Rob Landley , Arvind Sankar , linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-api@vger.kernel.org, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, linux-integrity@vger.kernel.org, initramfs@vger.kernel.org Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 0/3] initramfs: add support for xattrs in the initial ram disk Message-ID: <20190513172007.GA69717@rani.riverdale.lan> References: <20190512194322.GA71658@rani.riverdale.lan> <3fe0e74b-19ca-6081-3afe-e05921b1bfe6@huawei.com> <4f522e28-29c8-5930-5d90-e0086b503613@landley.net> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit In-Reply-To: User-Agent: Mutt/1.10.1 (2018-07-13) Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org On Mon, May 13, 2019 at 02:47:04PM +0200, Roberto Sassu wrote: > On 5/13/2019 11:07 AM, Rob Landley wrote: > > > > > > On 5/13/19 2:49 AM, Roberto Sassu wrote: > >> On 5/12/2019 9:43 PM, Arvind Sankar wrote: > >>> On Sun, May 12, 2019 at 05:05:48PM +0000, Rob Landley wrote: > >>>> On 5/12/19 7:52 AM, Mimi Zohar wrote: > >>>>> On Sun, 2019-05-12 at 11:17 +0200, Dominik Brodowski wrote: > >>>>>> On Thu, May 09, 2019 at 01:24:17PM +0200, Roberto Sassu wrote: > >>>>>>> This proposal consists in marshaling pathnames and xattrs in a file called > >>>>>>> .xattr-list. They are unmarshaled by the CPIO parser after all files have > >>>>>>> been extracted. > >>>>>> > >>>>>> Couldn't this parsing of the .xattr-list file and the setting of the xattrs > >>>>>> be done equivalently by the initramfs' /init? Why is kernel involvement > >>>>>> actually required here? > >>>>> > >>>>> It's too late.  The /init itself should be signed and verified. > >>>> > >>>> If the initramfs cpio.gz image was signed and verified by the extractor, how is > >>>> the init in it _not_ verified? > >>>> > >>>> Ro > >>> > >>> Wouldn't the below work even before enforcing signatures on external > >>> initramfs: > >>> 1. Create an embedded initramfs with an /init that does the xattr > >>> parsing/setting. This will be verified as part of the kernel image > >>> signature, so no new code required. > >>> 2. Add a config option/boot parameter to panic the kernel if an external > >>> initramfs attempts to overwrite anything in the embedded initramfs. This > >>> prevents overwriting the embedded /init even if the external initramfs > >>> is unverified. > >> > >> Unfortunately, it wouldn't work. IMA is already initialized and it would > >> verify /init in the embedded initial ram disk. How does this work today then? Is it actually the case that initramfs just cannot be used on an IMA-enabled system, or it can but it leaves the initramfs unverified and we're trying to fix that? I had assumed the latter. > > > > So you made broken infrastructure that's causing you problems. Sounds unfortunate. > > The idea is to be able to verify anything that is accessed, as soon as > rootfs is available, without distinction between embedded or external > initial ram disk. > > Also, requiring an embedded initramfs for xattrs would be an issue for > systems that use it for other purposes. > The embedded initramfs can do other things, it just has to do the xattr stuff in addition, no? > > >> The only reason why > >> opening .xattr-list works is that IMA is not yet initialized > >> (late_initcall vs rootfs_initcall). > > > > Launching init before enabling ima is bad because... you didn't think of it? > > No, because /init can potentially compromise the integrity of the > system. > How? The /init in the embedded initramfs is part of a trusted kernel image that has been verified by the bootloader. > > >> Allowing a kernel with integrity enforcement to parse the CPIO image > >> without verifying it first is the weak point. > > > > If you don't verify the CPIO image then in theory it could have anything in it, > > yes. You seem to believe that signing individual files is more secure than > > signing the archive. This is certainly a point of view. > > As I wrote above, signing the CPIO image would be more secure, if this > option is available. However, a disadvantage would be that you have to > sign the CPIO image every time a file changes. > > > >> However, extracted files > >> are not used, and before they are used they are verified. At the time > >> they are verified, they (included /init) must already have a signature > >> or otherwise access would be denied. > > > > You build infrastructure that works a certain way, the rest of the system > > doesn't fit your assumptions, so you need to change the rest of the system to > > fit your assumptions. > > Requiring file metadata to make decisions seems reasonable. Also > mandatory access controls do that. The objective of this patch set is to > have uniform behavior regardless of the filesystem used. > > > >> This scheme relies on the ability of the kernel to not be corrupted in > >> the event it parses a malformed CPIO image. > > > > I'm unaware of any buffer overruns or wild pointer traversals in the cpio > > extraction code. You can fill up all physical memory with initramfs and lock the > > system hard, though. > > > > It still only parses them at boot time before launching PID 1, right? So you > > have a local physical exploit and you're trying to prevent people from working > > around your Xbox copy protection without a mod chip? > > What do you mean exactly? > > > >> Mimi suggested to use > >> digital signatures to prevent this issue, but it cannot be used in all > >> scenarios, since conventional systems generate the initial ram disk > >> locally. > > > > So you use a proprietary init binary you can't rebuild from source, and put it > > in a cpio where /dev/urandom is a file with known contents? Clearly, not > > exploitable at all. (And we update the initramfs.cpio but not the kernel because > > clearly keeping the kernel up to date is less important to security...) > > By signing the CPIO image, the kernel wouldn't even attempt to parse it, > as the image would be rejected by the boot loader if the signature is > invalid. > If it were signed yes, but you just said that it isn't possible to sign it in all cases (if initramfs is generated locally). I actually didn't follow that bit -- if initramfs is generated locally, and it isn't possible to sign locally, where would the IMA hashes for the contents of the initramfs come from? Is the idea that each file within the initramfs would be an existing, signed, file, but you could locally create an initramfs with some subset of those unmodified files? Even assuming this is the case, isn't the eventual intention to also appraise directories, to prevent holes where files might be moved around/deleted/renamed etc, so this problem would resurface anyway? Also eventually we need to check special nodes like device nodes etc to make sure they haven't been tampered with, as in Rob's urandom suggestion? > > > Whatever happened to https://lwn.net/Articles/532778/ ? Modules are signed > > in-band in the file, but you need xattrs for some reason? > > Appending just the signature would be possible. It won't work if you > have multiple metadata for the same file. > > Also appending the signature alone won't solve the parsing issue. Still, > the kernel has to parse something that could be malformed. > > Roberto > > > >> Roberto > > > > Rob > > > > -- > HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Duesseldorf GmbH, HRB 56063 > Managing Director: Bo PENG, Jian LI, Yanli SHI