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Date:   Sun, 30 Jun 2019 08:23:24 -0700
From:   Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
To:     Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc:     Seema Pandit <seema.pandit@intel.com>,
        linux-nvdimm <linux-nvdimm@lists.01.org>,
        Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
        stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>,
        Robert Barror <robert.barror@intel.com>,
        linux-fsdevel <linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org>,
        Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Subject: Re: [PATCH] filesystem-dax: Disable PMD support
Message-ID: <20190630152324.GA15900@bombadil.infradead.org>
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On Sun, Jun 30, 2019 at 01:01:04AM -0700, Dan Williams wrote:
> On Sun, Jun 30, 2019 at 12:27 AM Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com> wrote:
> >
> > On Sat, Jun 29, 2019 at 9:03 AM Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> wrote:
> > >
> > > On Thu, Jun 27, 2019 at 07:39:37PM -0700, Dan Williams wrote:
> > > > On Thu, Jun 27, 2019 at 12:59 PM Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > On Thu, Jun 27, 2019 at 12:09:29PM -0700, Dan Williams wrote:
> > > > > > > This bug feels like we failed to unlock, or unlocked the wrong entry
> > > > > > > and this hunk in the bisected commit looks suspect to me. Why do we
> > > > > > > still need to drop the lock now that the radix_tree_preload() calls
> > > > > > > are gone?
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Nevermind, unmapp_mapping_pages() takes a sleeping lock, but then I
> > > > > > wonder why we don't restart the lookup like the old implementation.
> > > > >
> > > > > We have the entry locked:
> > > > >
> > > > >                 /*
> > > > >                  * Make sure 'entry' remains valid while we drop
> > > > >                  * the i_pages lock.
> > > > >                  */
> > > > >                 dax_lock_entry(xas, entry);
> > > > >
> > > > >                 /*
> > > > >                  * Besides huge zero pages the only other thing that gets
> > > > >                  * downgraded are empty entries which don't need to be
> > > > >                  * unmapped.
> > > > >                  */
> > > > >                 if (dax_is_zero_entry(entry)) {
> > > > >                         xas_unlock_irq(xas);
> > > > >                         unmap_mapping_pages(mapping,
> > > > >                                         xas->xa_index & ~PG_PMD_COLOUR,
> > > > >                                         PG_PMD_NR, false);
> > > > >                         xas_reset(xas);
> > > > >                         xas_lock_irq(xas);
> > > > >                 }
> > > > >
> > > > > If something can remove a locked entry, then that would seem like the
> > > > > real bug.  Might be worth inserting a lookup there to make sure that it
> > > > > hasn't happened, I suppose?
> > > >
> > > > Nope, added a check, we do in fact get the same locked entry back
> > > > after dropping the lock.
> > > >
> > > > The deadlock revolves around the mmap_sem. One thread holds it for
> > > > read and then gets stuck indefinitely in get_unlocked_entry(). Once
> > > > that happens another rocksdb thread tries to mmap and gets stuck
> > > > trying to take the mmap_sem for write. Then all new readers, including
> > > > ps and top that try to access a remote vma, then get queued behind
> > > > that write.
> > > >
> > > > It could also be the case that we're missing a wake up.
> > >
> > > OK, I have a Theory.
> > >
> > > get_unlocked_entry() doesn't check the size of the entry being waited for.
> > > So dax_iomap_pmd_fault() can end up sleeping waiting for a PTE entry,
> > > which is (a) foolish, because we know it's going to fall back, and (b)
> > > can lead to a missed wakeup because it's going to sleep waiting for
> > > the PMD entry to come unlocked.  Which it won't, unless there's a happy
> > > accident that happens to map to the same hash bucket.
> > >
> > > Let's see if I can steal some time this weekend to whip up a patch.
> >
> > Theory seems to have some evidence... I instrumented fs/dax.c to track
> > outstanding 'lock' entries and 'wait' events. At the time of the hang
> > we see no locks held and the waiter is waiting on a pmd entry:
> >
> > [ 4001.354334] fs/dax locked entries: 0
> > [ 4001.358425] fs/dax wait entries: 1
> > [ 4001.362227] db_bench/2445 index: 0x0 shift: 6
> > [ 4001.367099]  grab_mapping_entry+0x17a/0x260
> > [ 4001.371773]  dax_iomap_pmd_fault.isra.43+0x168/0x7a0
> > [ 4001.377316]  ext4_dax_huge_fault+0x16f/0x1f0
> > [ 4001.382086]  __handle_mm_fault+0x411/0x1390
> > [ 4001.386756]  handle_mm_fault+0x172/0x360
> 
> In fact, this naive fix is holding up so far:
> 
> @@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ static wait_queue_head_t
> *dax_entry_waitqueue(struct xa_state *xas,
>          * queue to the start of that PMD.  This ensures that all offsets in
>          * the range covered by the PMD map to the same bit lock.
>          */
> -       if (dax_is_pmd_entry(entry))
> +       //if (dax_is_pmd_entry(entry))
>                 index &= ~PG_PMD_COLOUR;
>         key->xa = xas->xa;
>         key->entry_start = index;

Hah, that's a great naive fix!  Thanks for trying that out.

I think my theory was slightly mistaken, but your fix has the effect of
fixing the actual problem too.

The xas->xa_index for a PMD is going to be PMD-aligned (ie a multiple of
512), but xas_find_conflict() does _not_ adjust xa_index (... which I
really should have mentioned in the documentation).  So we go to sleep
on the PMD-aligned index instead of the index of the PTE.  Your patch
fixes this by using the PMD-aligned index for PTEs too.

I'm trying to come up with a clean fix for this.  Clearly we
shouldn't wait for a PTE entry if we're looking for a PMD entry.
But what should get_unlocked_entry() return if it detects that case?
We could have it return an error code encoded as an internal entry,
like grab_mapping_entry() does.  Or we could have it return the _locked_
PTE entry, and have callers interpret that.

At least get_unlocked_entry() is static, but it's got quite a few callers.
Trying to discern which ones might ask for a PMD entry is a bit tricky.
So this seems like a large patch which might have bugs.

Thoughts?