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Date:   Thu, 7 Nov 2019 06:29:25 -0800
From:   "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org>
To:     Phong Tran <tranmanphong@gmail.com>
Cc:     Amol Grover <frextrite@gmail.com>,
        Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>,
        Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>,
        Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>,
        Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>,
        Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>,
        Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>, rcu@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-kernel-mentees@lists.linuxfoundation.org,
        Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>,
        Madhuparna Bhowmik <madhuparnabhowmik04@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2] Documentation: RCU: rcubarrier: Convert to reST
Message-ID: <20191107142925.GO20975@paulmck-ThinkPad-P72>
Reply-To: paulmck@kernel.org
References: <20191107063241.GA2234@workstation-kernel-dev>
 <3d3bf2ea-b8af-e561-a631-fb9205973e99@gmail.com>
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On Thu, Nov 07, 2019 at 08:58:18PM +0700, Phong Tran wrote:
> On 11/7/19 1:32 PM, Amol Grover wrote:
> > Convert rcubarrier.txt to rcubarrier.rst and
> > add it to index.rst
> > 
> > Format file according to reST
> > - Add headings and sub-headings
> > - Add code segments
> > - Add cross-references to quizes and answers
> 
> Tested-by: Phong Tran <tranmanphong@gmail.com>

Applied, thank you both!

							Thanx, Paul

> > Signed-off-by: Amol Grover <frextrite@gmail.com>
> > ---
> >   Documentation/RCU/index.rst                   |   1 +
> >   .../RCU/{rcubarrier.txt => rcubarrier.rst}    | 222 ++++++++++--------
> >   2 files changed, 126 insertions(+), 97 deletions(-)
> >   rename Documentation/RCU/{rcubarrier.txt => rcubarrier.rst} (72%)
> > 
> > diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/index.rst b/Documentation/RCU/index.rst
> > index c81d0e4fd999..81a0a1e5f767 100644
> > --- a/Documentation/RCU/index.rst
> > +++ b/Documentation/RCU/index.rst
> > @@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ RCU concepts
> >      :maxdepth: 3
> >      arrayRCU
> > +   rcubarrier
> >      rcu_dereference
> >      whatisRCU
> >      rcu
> > diff --git a/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.txt b/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst
> > similarity index 72%
> > rename from Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.txt
> > rename to Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst
> > index a2782df69732..f64f4413a47c 100644
> > --- a/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.txt
> > +++ b/Documentation/RCU/rcubarrier.rst
> > @@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
> > +.. _rcu_barrier:
> > +
> >   RCU and Unloadable Modules
> > +==========================
> >   [Originally published in LWN Jan. 14, 2007: http://lwn.net/Articles/217484/]
> > @@ -21,7 +24,7 @@ given that readers might well leave absolutely no trace of their
> >   presence? There is a synchronize_rcu() primitive that blocks until all
> >   pre-existing readers have completed. An updater wishing to delete an
> >   element p from a linked list might do the following, while holding an
> > -appropriate lock, of course:
> > +appropriate lock, of course::
> >   	list_del_rcu(p);
> >   	synchronize_rcu();
> > @@ -32,13 +35,13 @@ primitive must be used instead. This primitive takes a pointer to an
> >   rcu_head struct placed within the RCU-protected data structure and
> >   another pointer to a function that may be invoked later to free that
> >   structure. Code to delete an element p from the linked list from IRQ
> > -context might then be as follows:
> > +context might then be as follows::
> >   	list_del_rcu(p);
> >   	call_rcu(&p->rcu, p_callback);
> >   Since call_rcu() never blocks, this code can safely be used from within
> > -IRQ context. The function p_callback() might be defined as follows:
> > +IRQ context. The function p_callback() might be defined as follows::
> >   	static void p_callback(struct rcu_head *rp)
> >   	{
> > @@ -49,6 +52,7 @@ IRQ context. The function p_callback() might be defined as follows:
> >   Unloading Modules That Use call_rcu()
> > +-------------------------------------
> >   But what if p_callback is defined in an unloadable module?
> > @@ -69,10 +73,11 @@ in realtime kernels in order to avoid excessive scheduling latencies.
> >   rcu_barrier()
> > +-------------
> >   We instead need the rcu_barrier() primitive.  Rather than waiting for
> >   a grace period to elapse, rcu_barrier() waits for all outstanding RCU
> > -callbacks to complete.  Please note that rcu_barrier() does -not- imply
> > +callbacks to complete.  Please note that rcu_barrier() does **not** imply
> >   synchronize_rcu(), in particular, if there are no RCU callbacks queued
> >   anywhere, rcu_barrier() is within its rights to return immediately,
> >   without waiting for a grace period to elapse.
> > @@ -88,79 +93,79 @@ must match the flavor of rcu_barrier() with that of call_rcu().  If your
> >   module uses multiple flavors of call_rcu(), then it must also use multiple
> >   flavors of rcu_barrier() when unloading that module.  For example, if
> >   it uses call_rcu(), call_srcu() on srcu_struct_1, and call_srcu() on
> > -srcu_struct_2(), then the following three lines of code will be required
> > -when unloading:
> > +srcu_struct_2, then the following three lines of code will be required
> > +when unloading::
> >    1 rcu_barrier();
> >    2 srcu_barrier(&srcu_struct_1);
> >    3 srcu_barrier(&srcu_struct_2);
> >   The rcutorture module makes use of rcu_barrier() in its exit function
> > -as follows:
> > +as follows::
> > - 1 static void
> > - 2 rcu_torture_cleanup(void)
> > - 3 {
> > - 4   int i;
> > + 1  static void
> > + 2  rcu_torture_cleanup(void)
> > + 3  {
> > + 4    int i;
> >    5
> > - 6   fullstop = 1;
> > - 7   if (shuffler_task != NULL) {
> > + 6    fullstop = 1;
> > + 7    if (shuffler_task != NULL) {
> >    8     VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Stopping rcu_torture_shuffle task");
> >    9     kthread_stop(shuffler_task);
> > -10   }
> > -11   shuffler_task = NULL;
> > -12
> > -13   if (writer_task != NULL) {
> > -14     VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Stopping rcu_torture_writer task");
> > -15     kthread_stop(writer_task);
> > -16   }
> > -17   writer_task = NULL;
> > -18
> > -19   if (reader_tasks != NULL) {
> > -20     for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++) {
> > -21       if (reader_tasks[i] != NULL) {
> > -22         VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING(
> > -23           "Stopping rcu_torture_reader task");
> > -24         kthread_stop(reader_tasks[i]);
> > -25       }
> > -26       reader_tasks[i] = NULL;
> > -27     }
> > -28     kfree(reader_tasks);
> > -29     reader_tasks = NULL;
> > -30   }
> > -31   rcu_torture_current = NULL;
> > -32
> > -33   if (fakewriter_tasks != NULL) {
> > -34     for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++) {
> > -35       if (fakewriter_tasks[i] != NULL) {
> > -36         VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING(
> > -37           "Stopping rcu_torture_fakewriter task");
> > -38         kthread_stop(fakewriter_tasks[i]);
> > -39       }
> > -40       fakewriter_tasks[i] = NULL;
> > -41     }
> > -42     kfree(fakewriter_tasks);
> > -43     fakewriter_tasks = NULL;
> > -44   }
> > -45
> > -46   if (stats_task != NULL) {
> > -47     VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Stopping rcu_torture_stats task");
> > -48     kthread_stop(stats_task);
> > -49   }
> > -50   stats_task = NULL;
> > -51
> > -52   /* Wait for all RCU callbacks to fire. */
> > -53   rcu_barrier();
> > -54
> > -55   rcu_torture_stats_print(); /* -After- the stats thread is stopped! */
> > -56
> > -57   if (cur_ops->cleanup != NULL)
> > -58     cur_ops->cleanup();
> > -59   if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_error))
> > -60     rcu_torture_print_module_parms("End of test: FAILURE");
> > -61   else
> > -62     rcu_torture_print_module_parms("End of test: SUCCESS");
> > -63 }
> > + 10   }
> > + 11   shuffler_task = NULL;
> > + 12
> > + 13   if (writer_task != NULL) {
> > + 14     VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Stopping rcu_torture_writer task");
> > + 15     kthread_stop(writer_task);
> > + 16   }
> > + 17   writer_task = NULL;
> > + 18
> > + 19   if (reader_tasks != NULL) {
> > + 20     for (i = 0; i < nrealreaders; i++) {
> > + 21       if (reader_tasks[i] != NULL) {
> > + 22         VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING(
> > + 23           "Stopping rcu_torture_reader task");
> > + 24         kthread_stop(reader_tasks[i]);
> > + 25       }
> > + 26       reader_tasks[i] = NULL;
> > + 27     }
> > + 28     kfree(reader_tasks);
> > + 29     reader_tasks = NULL;
> > + 30   }
> > + 31   rcu_torture_current = NULL;
> > + 32
> > + 33   if (fakewriter_tasks != NULL) {
> > + 34     for (i = 0; i < nfakewriters; i++) {
> > + 35       if (fakewriter_tasks[i] != NULL) {
> > + 36         VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING(
> > + 37           "Stopping rcu_torture_fakewriter task");
> > + 38         kthread_stop(fakewriter_tasks[i]);
> > + 39       }
> > + 40       fakewriter_tasks[i] = NULL;
> > + 41     }
> > + 42     kfree(fakewriter_tasks);
> > + 43     fakewriter_tasks = NULL;
> > + 44   }
> > + 45
> > + 46   if (stats_task != NULL) {
> > + 47     VERBOSE_PRINTK_STRING("Stopping rcu_torture_stats task");
> > + 48     kthread_stop(stats_task);
> > + 49   }
> > + 50   stats_task = NULL;
> > + 51
> > + 52   /* Wait for all RCU callbacks to fire. */
> > + 53   rcu_barrier();
> > + 54
> > + 55   rcu_torture_stats_print(); /* -After- the stats thread is stopped! */
> > + 56
> > + 57   if (cur_ops->cleanup != NULL)
> > + 58     cur_ops->cleanup();
> > + 59   if (atomic_read(&n_rcu_torture_error))
> > + 60     rcu_torture_print_module_parms("End of test: FAILURE");
> > + 61   else
> > + 62     rcu_torture_print_module_parms("End of test: SUCCESS");
> > + 63 }
> >   Line 6 sets a global variable that prevents any RCU callbacks from
> >   re-posting themselves. This will not be necessary in most cases, since
> > @@ -176,9 +181,14 @@ for any pre-existing callbacks to complete.
> >   Then lines 55-62 print status and do operation-specific cleanup, and
> >   then return, permitting the module-unload operation to be completed.
> > -Quick Quiz #1: Is there any other situation where rcu_barrier() might
> > +.. _rcubarrier_quiz_1:
> > +
> > +Quick Quiz #1:
> > +	Is there any other situation where rcu_barrier() might
> >   	be required?
> > +:ref:`Answer to Quick Quiz #1 <answer_rcubarrier_quiz_1>`
> > +
> >   Your module might have additional complications. For example, if your
> >   module invokes call_rcu() from timers, you will need to first cancel all
> >   the timers, and only then invoke rcu_barrier() to wait for any remaining
> > @@ -188,11 +198,12 @@ Of course, if you module uses call_rcu(), you will need to invoke
> >   rcu_barrier() before unloading.  Similarly, if your module uses
> >   call_srcu(), you will need to invoke srcu_barrier() before unloading,
> >   and on the same srcu_struct structure.  If your module uses call_rcu()
> > --and- call_srcu(), then you will need to invoke rcu_barrier() -and-
> > +**and** call_srcu(), then you will need to invoke rcu_barrier() **and**
> >   srcu_barrier().
> >   Implementing rcu_barrier()
> > +--------------------------
> >   Dipankar Sarma's implementation of rcu_barrier() makes use of the fact
> >   that RCU callbacks are never reordered once queued on one of the per-CPU
> > @@ -200,19 +211,19 @@ queues. His implementation queues an RCU callback on each of the per-CPU
> >   callback queues, and then waits until they have all started executing, at
> >   which point, all earlier RCU callbacks are guaranteed to have completed.
> > -The original code for rcu_barrier() was as follows:
> > +The original code for rcu_barrier() was as follows::
> > - 1 void rcu_barrier(void)
> > - 2 {
> > - 3   BUG_ON(in_interrupt());
> > - 4   /* Take cpucontrol mutex to protect against CPU hotplug */
> > - 5   mutex_lock(&rcu_barrier_mutex);
> > - 6   init_completion(&rcu_barrier_completion);
> > - 7   atomic_set(&rcu_barrier_cpu_count, 0);
> > - 8   on_each_cpu(rcu_barrier_func, NULL, 0, 1);
> > - 9   wait_for_completion(&rcu_barrier_completion);
> > -10   mutex_unlock(&rcu_barrier_mutex);
> > -11 }
> > + 1  void rcu_barrier(void)
> > + 2  {
> > + 3    BUG_ON(in_interrupt());
> > + 4    /* Take cpucontrol mutex to protect against CPU hotplug */
> > + 5    mutex_lock(&rcu_barrier_mutex);
> > + 6    init_completion(&rcu_barrier_completion);
> > + 7    atomic_set(&rcu_barrier_cpu_count, 0);
> > + 8    on_each_cpu(rcu_barrier_func, NULL, 0, 1);
> > + 9    wait_for_completion(&rcu_barrier_completion);
> > + 10   mutex_unlock(&rcu_barrier_mutex);
> > + 11 }
> >   Line 3 verifies that the caller is in process context, and lines 5 and 10
> >   use rcu_barrier_mutex to ensure that only one rcu_barrier() is using the
> > @@ -226,18 +237,18 @@ This code was rewritten in 2008 and several times thereafter, but this
> >   still gives the general idea.
> >   The rcu_barrier_func() runs on each CPU, where it invokes call_rcu()
> > -to post an RCU callback, as follows:
> > +to post an RCU callback, as follows::
> > - 1 static void rcu_barrier_func(void *notused)
> > - 2 {
> > - 3 int cpu = smp_processor_id();
> > - 4 struct rcu_data *rdp = &per_cpu(rcu_data, cpu);
> > - 5 struct rcu_head *head;
> > + 1  static void rcu_barrier_func(void *notused)
> > + 2  {
> > + 3    int cpu = smp_processor_id();
> > + 4    struct rcu_data *rdp = &per_cpu(rcu_data, cpu);
> > + 5    struct rcu_head *head;
> >    6
> > - 7 head = &rdp->barrier;
> > - 8 atomic_inc(&rcu_barrier_cpu_count);
> > - 9 call_rcu(head, rcu_barrier_callback);
> > -10 }
> > + 7    head = &rdp->barrier;
> > + 8    atomic_inc(&rcu_barrier_cpu_count);
> > + 9    call_rcu(head, rcu_barrier_callback);
> > + 10 }
> >   Lines 3 and 4 locate RCU's internal per-CPU rcu_data structure,
> >   which contains the struct rcu_head that needed for the later call to
> > @@ -248,20 +259,25 @@ the current CPU's queue.
> >   The rcu_barrier_callback() function simply atomically decrements the
> >   rcu_barrier_cpu_count variable and finalizes the completion when it
> > -reaches zero, as follows:
> > +reaches zero, as follows::
> >    1 static void rcu_barrier_callback(struct rcu_head *notused)
> >    2 {
> > - 3 if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rcu_barrier_cpu_count))
> > - 4 complete(&rcu_barrier_completion);
> > + 3   if (atomic_dec_and_test(&rcu_barrier_cpu_count))
> > + 4     complete(&rcu_barrier_completion);
> >    5 }
> > -Quick Quiz #2: What happens if CPU 0's rcu_barrier_func() executes
> > +.. _rcubarrier_quiz_2:
> > +
> > +Quick Quiz #2:
> > +	What happens if CPU 0's rcu_barrier_func() executes
> >   	immediately (thus incrementing rcu_barrier_cpu_count to the
> >   	value one), but the other CPU's rcu_barrier_func() invocations
> >   	are delayed for a full grace period? Couldn't this result in
> >   	rcu_barrier() returning prematurely?
> > +:ref:`Answer to Quick Quiz #2 <answer_rcubarrier_quiz_2>`
> > +
> >   The current rcu_barrier() implementation is more complex, due to the need
> >   to avoid disturbing idle CPUs (especially on battery-powered systems)
> >   and the need to minimally disturb non-idle CPUs in real-time systems.
> > @@ -269,6 +285,7 @@ However, the code above illustrates the concepts.
> >   rcu_barrier() Summary
> > +---------------------
> >   The rcu_barrier() primitive has seen relatively little use, since most
> >   code using RCU is in the core kernel rather than in modules. However, if
> > @@ -277,8 +294,12 @@ so that your module may be safely unloaded.
> >   Answers to Quick Quizzes
> > +------------------------
> > +
> > +.. _answer_rcubarrier_quiz_1:
> > -Quick Quiz #1: Is there any other situation where rcu_barrier() might
> > +Quick Quiz #1:
> > +	Is there any other situation where rcu_barrier() might
> >   	be required?
> >   Answer: Interestingly enough, rcu_barrier() was not originally
> > @@ -292,7 +313,12 @@ Answer: Interestingly enough, rcu_barrier() was not originally
> >   	implementing rcutorture, and found that rcu_barrier() solves
> >   	this problem as well.
> > -Quick Quiz #2: What happens if CPU 0's rcu_barrier_func() executes
> > +:ref:`Back to Quick Quiz #1 <rcubarrier_quiz_1>`
> > +
> > +.. _answer_rcubarrier_quiz_2:
> > +
> > +Quick Quiz #2:
> > +	What happens if CPU 0's rcu_barrier_func() executes
> >   	immediately (thus incrementing rcu_barrier_cpu_count to the
> >   	value one), but the other CPU's rcu_barrier_func() invocations
> >   	are delayed for a full grace period? Couldn't this result in
> > @@ -323,3 +349,5 @@ Answer: This cannot happen. The reason is that on_each_cpu() has its last
> >   	is to add an rcu_read_lock() before line 8 of rcu_barrier()
> >   	and an rcu_read_unlock() after line 8 of this same function. If
> >   	you can think of a better change, please let me know!
> > +
> > +:ref:`Back to Quick Quiz #2 <rcubarrier_quiz_2>`
> >