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From:   Arvind Sankar <nivedita@alum.mit.edu>
Date:   Thu, 6 Feb 2020 09:39:43 -0500
To:     Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc:     Kristen Carlson Accardi <kristen@linux.intel.com>,
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        linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, kernel-hardening@lists.openwall.com
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH 06/11] x86: make sure _etext includes function
 sections
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On Thu, Feb 06, 2020 at 04:26:23AM -0800, Kees Cook wrote:
> I know x86_64 stack alignment is 16 bytes. I cannot find evidence for
> what function start alignment should be. It seems the linker is 16 byte
> aligning these functions, when I think no alignment is needed for
> function starts, so we're wasting some memory (average 8 bytes per
> function, at say 50,000 functions, so approaching 512KB) between
> functions. If we can specify a 1 byte alignment for these orphan
> sections, that would be nice, as mentioned in the cover letter: we lose
> a 4 bits of entropy to this alignment, since all randomized function
> addresses will have their low bits set to zero.
> 

The default function alignment is 16-bytes for x64 at least with gcc.
You can use -falign-functions to specify a different alignment.

There was some old discussion on reducing it [1] but it doesn't seem to
have been merged.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/tip-4874fe1eeb40b403a8c9d0ddeb4d166cab3f37ba@git.kernel.org/