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Subject: Re: [PATCH] powerpc/kprobes: Fix trap address when trap happened in
 real mode
To:     Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc:     Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>,
        Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>,
        Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>,
        Larry Finger <Larry.Finger@lwfinger.net>,
        "Naveen N. Rao" <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>,
        linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org,
        stable@kernel.vger.org,
        Anil S Keshavamurthy <anil.s.keshavamurthy@intel.com>,
        "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net>
References: <b1451438f7148ad0e03306a1f1409f4ad1d6ec7c.1581684263.git.christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
 <20200214225434.464ec467ad9094961abb8ddc@kernel.org>
 <e09d3c42-542e-48c1-2f1e-cfe605b05bec@c-s.fr>
 <20200216213411.824295a321d8fa979dedbbbe@kernel.org>
 <baee8186-549a-f6cf-3619-884b6d708185@c-s.fr>
 <20200217192735.5070f0925c4159ccffa4e465@kernel.org>
 <c6257b49-bf02-d30a-1e2e-99abba5955e6@c-s.fr>
 <20200218094421.6d402de389ce23a55a3ec084@kernel.org>
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 <20200218192905.a3ed969e8565901c4f69fa22@kernel.org>
From:   Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
Message-ID: <2b3f664e-d4ad-edd3-5bed-a4492f4ed213@c-s.fr>
Date:   Tue, 18 Feb 2020 12:04:41 +0100
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Le 18/02/2020 à 11:29, Masami Hiramatsu a écrit :
> On Tue, 18 Feb 2020 06:58:06 +0100
> Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr> wrote:
> 
>>>>>>
>>>>>> What do you mean by 'there' ? At the entry of kprobe_handler() ?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> That's what my patch does, it checks whether MMU is disabled or not. If
>>>>>> it is, it converts the address to a virtual address.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Do you mean kprobe_handler() should bail out early as it does when the
>>>>>> trap happens in user mode ?
>>>>>
>>>>> Yes, that is what I meant.
>>>>>
>>>>>> Of course we can do that, I don't know
>>>>>> enough about kprobe to know if kprobe_handler() should manage events
>>>>>> that happened in real-mode or just ignore them. But I tested adding an
>>>>>> event on a function that runs in real-mode, and it (now) works.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> So, what should we do really ?
>>>>>
>>>>> I'm not sure how the powerpc kernel runs in real mode.
>>>>> But clearly, at least kprobe event can not handle that case because
>>>>> it tries to access memory by probe_kernel_read(). Unless that function
>>>>> correctly handles the address translation, I want to prohibit kprobes
>>>>> on such address.
>>>>>
>>>>> So what I would like to see is, something like below.
>>>>>
>>>>> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/kernel/kprobes.c b/arch/powerpc/kernel/kprobes.c
>>>>> index 2d27ec4feee4..4771be152416 100644
>>>>> --- a/arch/powerpc/kernel/kprobes.c
>>>>> +++ b/arch/powerpc/kernel/kprobes.c
>>>>> @@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ int kprobe_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
>>>>>            unsigned int *addr = (unsigned int *)regs->nip;
>>>>>            struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb;
>>>>>     
>>>>> -       if (user_mode(regs))
>>>>> +       if (user_mode(regs) || !(regs->msr & MSR_IR))
>>>>>                    return 0;
>>>>>     
>>>>>            /*
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> With this instead change of my patch, I get an Oops everytime a kprobe
>>>> event occurs in real-mode.
>>>>
>>>> This is because kprobe_handler() is now saying 'this trap doesn't belong
>>>> to me' for a trap that has been installed by it.
>>>
>>> Hmm, on powerpc, kprobes is allowed to probe on the code which runs
>>> in the real mode? I think we should also prohibit it by blacklisting.
>>> (It is easy to add blacklist by NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(func))
>>
>> Yes, I see a lot of them tagged with _ASM_NOKPROBE_SYMBOL() on PPC64,
>> but none on PPC32. I suppose that's missing and have to be added.
> 
> Ah, you are using PPC32.
> 
>> Nevertheless, if one symbol has been forgotten in the blacklist, I think
>> it is a problem if it generate Oopses.
> 
> There is a long history also on x86 to make a blacklist. Anyway, how did
> you get this error on PPC32? Somewhere would you like to probe and
> it is a real mode function? Or, it happened unexpectedly?

The first Oops I got was triggered by a WARN_ON() kind of trap in real 
mode. The trap exception handler called kprobe_handler() which tried to 
read the instruction at the trap address (which was a real-mode address) 
so it triggered a Bad Access Fault.

This was initially the purpose of my patch.

After discussion with you, I started looking at what would be the effect 
of setting a kprobe event in a function which runs in real mode.

> 
>>
>>> Or, some parts are possble to run under both real mode and kernel mode?
>>
>> I don't think so, at least on PPC32
> 
> OK, that's a good news. Also, are there any independent section where such
> real mode functions are stored? (I can see start_real_trampolines in
> sections.h) If that kind of sections are defined, it is easy to make
> a blacklist in arch_populate_kprobe_blacklist(). See arch/arm64/kernel/probes/kprobes.c.

Part of them are in .head.text, and this section is already blacklisted 
throught function arch_within_kprobe_blacklist()

But there are several other functions which are not there. For instance, 
many things within entry_32.S, and also things in hash_low.S
On PPC64 (ie in entry_64.S) they were explicitely blacklisted with 
_ASM_NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(). We have to do the same on PPC64

> 
> 
>>>> So the 'program check' exception handler doesn't find the owner of the
>>>> trap hence generate an Oops.
>>>>
>>>> Even if we don't want kprobe() to proceed with the event entirely
>>>> (allthough it works at least for simple events), I'd expect it to fail
>>>> gracefully.
>>>
>>> Agreed. I thought it was easy to identify real mode code. But if it is
>>> hard, we should apply your first patch and also skip user handlers
>>> if we are in the real mode (and increment missed count).
>>
>> user handlers are already skipped.
> 
> Yes, if you don't put a kprobes on real mode code. However, if user
> (accidentally) puts a probe on real mode code, it might call a
> user handler?

Are we talking about the same thing ?

Only kernel code can run in real mode, so the following code at the 
beginning of kprobe_handler() does the job ?

	if (user_mode(regs))
		return 0;


> 
>>
>> What do you think about my latest proposal below ? If a trap is
>> encoutered in real mode, if checks if the matching virtual address
>> corresponds to a valid kprobe. If it is, it skips it. If not, it returns
>> 0 to tell "it's no me". You are also talking about incrementing the
>> missed count. Who do we do that ?
> 
> I rather like your first patch. If there is a kprobes, we can not skip
> the instruction, because there is an instruction which must be executed.
> (or single-skipped, but I'm not sure the emulator works correctly on
> real mode)

Oops, yes of course.

Christophe