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Date:   Thu, 26 Mar 2020 13:54:31 +0200
From:   Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
To:     Saravana Kannan <saravanak@google.com>
Cc:     a.hajda@samsung.com, artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com,
        balbi@kernel.org, Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>,
        fntoth@gmail.com, grant.likely@arm.com,
        Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
        Linux PM <linux-pm@vger.kernel.org>, peter.ujfalusi@ti.com,
        "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael@kernel.org>,
        Android Kernel Team <kernel-team@android.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v3] driver core: Break infinite loop when deferred probe
 can't be satisfied
Message-ID: <20200326115431.GP1922688@smile.fi.intel.com>
References: <20200324175719.62496-1-andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
 <20200325032901.29551-1-saravanak@google.com>
 <20200325125120.GX1922688@smile.fi.intel.com>
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On Wed, Mar 25, 2020 at 03:08:29PM -0700, Saravana Kannan wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 25, 2020 at 5:51 AM Andy Shevchenko
> <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> wrote:
> > On Tue, Mar 24, 2020 at 08:29:01PM -0700, Saravana Kannan wrote:
> > > On Tue, Mar 24, 2020 at 5:38 AM Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> wrote:
> > > > Consider the following scenario.
> > > >
> > > > The main driver of USB OTG controller (dwc3-pci), which has the following
> > > > functional dependencies on certain platform:
> > > > - ULPI (tusb1210)
> > > > - extcon (tested with extcon-intel-mrfld)
> > > >
> > > > Note, that first driver, tusb1210, is available at the moment of
> > > > dwc3-pci probing, while extcon-intel-mrfld is built as a module and
> > > > won't appear till user space does something about it.
> > > >
> > > > This is depicted by kernel configuration excerpt:
> > > >
> > > >     CONFIG_PHY_TUSB1210=y
> > > >     CONFIG_USB_DWC3=y
> > > >     CONFIG_USB_DWC3_ULPI=y
> > > >     CONFIG_USB_DWC3_DUAL_ROLE=y
> > > >     CONFIG_USB_DWC3_PCI=y
> > > >     CONFIG_EXTCON_INTEL_MRFLD=m
> > > >
> > > > In the Buildroot environment the modules are probed by alphabetical ordering
> > > > of their modaliases. The latter comes to the case when USB OTG driver will be
> > > > probed first followed by extcon one.
> > > >
> > > > So, if the platform anticipates extcon device to be appeared, in the above case
> > > > we will get deferred probe of USB OTG, because of ordering.
> > > >
> > > > Since current implementation, done by the commit 58b116bce136 ("drivercore:
> > > > deferral race condition fix") counts the amount of triggered deferred probe,
> > > > we never advance the situation -- the change makes it to be an infinite loop.
> > >
> > > Hi Andy,
> > >
> > > I'm trying to understand this sequence of steps. Sorry if the questions
> > > are stupid -- I'm not very familiar with USB/PCI stuff.
> >
> > Thank you for looking into this. My answer below.
> >
> > As a first thing I would like to tell that there is another example of bad
> > behaviour of deferred probe with no relation to USB. The proposed change also
> > fixes that one (however, less possible to find in real life).
> 
> Unless I see what the other issue is, I can't speak for the unknown.

Okay, let's talk about other case (actually it's the one which I had noticed
approximately at the time when culprit patch made the kernel).

For some debugging purposes I have been using pin control table in board code.

Since I would like to boot kernel on different systems I have some tables for
non-existing pin control device. Pin control framework returns -EPROBE_DEFER
when trying to probe device with attached table for wrong pin control. This is
fine, the problem is that *any* successfully probed device, which happens in
the deferred probe initcall will desynchronize existing counter. As a result ->
infinite loop. For the record, I didn't realize and didn't investigate that
time the issue and now I can confirm that this is a culprit which is fixed by
this patch.

> > > > ---8<---8<---
> > > >
> > > > [   22.187127] driver_deferred_probe_trigger <<< 1
> > > >
> > > > ...here is the late initcall triggers deferred probe...
> > > >
> > > > [   22.191725] platform dwc3.0.auto: deferred_probe_work_func in deferred list
> > > >
> > > > ...dwc3.0.auto is the only device in the deferred list...
> > >
> > > Ok, dwc3.0.auto is the only unprobed device at this point?
> >
> > Correct.
> >
> > > > [   22.198727] platform dwc3.0.auto: deferred_probe_work_func 1 <<< counter 1
> > > >
> > > > ...the counter before mutex is unlocked is kept the same...
> > > >
> > > > [   22.205663] platform dwc3.0.auto: Retrying from deferred list
> > > >
> > > > ...mutes has been unlocked, we try to re-probe the driver...
> > > >
> > > > [   22.211487] bus: 'platform': driver_probe_device: matched device dwc3.0.auto with driver dwc3
> > > > [   22.220060] bus: 'platform': really_probe: probing driver dwc3 with device dwc3.0.auto
> > > > [   22.238735] bus: 'ulpi': driver_probe_device: matched device dwc3.0.auto.ulpi with driver tusb1210
> > > > [   22.247743] bus: 'ulpi': really_probe: probing driver tusb1210 with device dwc3.0.auto.ulpi
> > > > [   22.256292] driver: 'tusb1210': driver_bound: bound to device 'dwc3.0.auto.ulpi'
> > > > [   22.263723] driver_deferred_probe_trigger <<< 2
> > > >
> > > > ...the dwc3.0.auto probes ULPI, we got successful bound and bumped counter...
> > > >
> > > > [   22.268304] bus: 'ulpi': really_probe: bound device dwc3.0.auto.ulpi to driver tusb1210
> > >
> > > So where did this dwc3.0.auto.ulpi come from?
> >
> > > Looks like the device is created by dwc3_probe() through this call flow:
> > > dwc3_probe() -> dwc3_core_init() -> dwc3_core_ulpi_init() ->
> > > dwc3_ulpi_init() -> ulpi_register_interface() -> ulpi_register()
> >
> > Correct.
> >
> > > > [   22.276697] platform dwc3.0.auto: Driver dwc3 requests probe deferral
> > >
> > > Can you please point me to which code patch actually caused the probe
> > > deferral?
> >
> > Sure, it's in drd.c.
> >
> > if (device_property_read_string(dev, "linux,extcon-name", &name) == 0) {
> >   edev = extcon_get_extcon_dev(name);
> >   if (!edev)
> >     return ERR_PTR(-EPROBE_DEFER);
> >   return edev;
> > }
> 
> Thanks for the confirmations and pointers. I assume
> "linux,extcon-name" is a property that's obtained from ACPI? Because I
> couldn't find a relevant reference to it elsewhere in the kernel.

Yes.

> > > > ...but extcon driver is still missing...
> > > >
> > > > [   22.283174] platform dwc3.0.auto: Added to deferred list
> > > > [   22.288513] platform dwc3.0.auto: driver_deferred_probe_add_trigger local counter: 1 new counter 2
> > >
> > > I'm not fully aware of all the USB implications, but if extcon is
> > > needed, why can't that check be done before we add and probe the ulpi
> > > device? That'll avoid this whole "fake" probing and avoid the counter
> > > increase. And avoid the need for this patch that's touching the code
> > > code that's already a bit delicate.
> >
> > > Also, with my limited experience with all the possible drivers in the
> > > kernel, it's weird that the ulpi device is added and probed before we
> > > make sure the parent device (dwc3.0.auto) can actually probe
> > > successfully.
> >
> > As I said above the deferred probe trigger has flaw on its own.
> 
> Definitely agree. I'm not saying deferred probe is perfect.
> 
> > Even if we fix for USB case, there is (and probably will be) others.
> >
> > > Most of the platform device code I've seen in systems with OF (device
> > > tree) add the child devices towards the end of the parent's probe
> > > function.

I realized also that your fix won't work if we change extcon to be compiled in
and ULPI to be a module. So, any driver with two or more strict dependencies
one of which is satisfied and one is not will end up in this infinite loop.

> > > > ...and since we had a successful probe, we got counter mismatch...
> > > >
> > > > [   22.297490] driver_deferred_probe_trigger <<< 3
> > > > [   22.302074] platform dwc3.0.auto: deferred_probe_work_func 2 <<< counter 3
> > > >
> > > > ...at the end we have a new counter and loop repeats again, see 22.198727...
> > > >
> > > > ---8<---8<---
> > > >
> > > > Revert of the commit helps, but it is probably not helpful for the initially
> > > > found regression. Artem Bityutskiy suggested to use counter of the successful
> > > > probes instead. This fixes above mentioned case and shouldn't prevent driver
> > > > to reprobe deferred ones.
> > > >
> > > > Under "successful probe" we understand the state when a driver of the certain
> > > > device is being kept bound after deferred probe trigger cycle. For instance,
> > > > in the above mentioned case probing of tusb1210 is not successful because dwc3
> > > > driver unbinds device dwc3.0.auto.ulpi. The atomic_dec() call is used to keep
> > > > track of this. The amount of bindings is always great than or equal to the
> > > > amount of unbindings as guaranteed by design of the driver binding mechanism.
> > >
> > > The unbindings count can increase for other unrelated drivers unbinding
> > > too. Wouldn't it? Seems a bit fragile and racy in a fashion similar to
> > > the issue the original patch was trying to fix.
> >
> > Yes, it's (unlikely) possible (*), but it will give one more iteration per such
> > case. It's definitely better than infinite loop. Do you agree?
> 
> Sorry I wasn't being clear (I was in a rush). I'm saying this patch
> can reintroduce the bug where the deferred probe isn't triggered when
> it should be.

I don't think so. If I'm not mistaken we still have one more cycle to trigger probe.

> Let's take a simple execution flow.
> 
> probe_okay is at 10.
> 
> Thread-A
>   really_probe(Device-A)
>     local_probe_okay_count = 10
>     Device-A probe function is running...
> 
> Thread-B
>   really_probe(Device-B)
>     Device-B probes successfully.
>     probe_okay incremented to 11

And probe trigger task is called. It goes to the loop because counters are not the same.

> Thread-C
>   Device-C (which had bound earlier) is unbound (say module is
> unloaded or a million other reasons).
>   probe_okay is decremented to 10.

 
> Thread-A continues
>   Device-A probe function returns -EPROBE_DEFER
>   driver_deferred_probe_add_trigger() doesn't do anything because
>     local_probe_okay_count == probe_okay
>   But Device-A might have deferred probe waiting on Device-B.
>   Device-A never probes.

See above.

> > *) It means during probe you have _intensive_ removing, of course you may keep
> > kernel busy with iterations, but it has no practical sense. DoS attacks more
> > effective in different ways.
> 
> I wasn't worried about DoS attacks. More of a functional correctness
> issue what I explained above.
> 
> Anyway, if your issue and similar issues can be handles in driver core
> in a clean way without breaking other cases, I don't have any problem
> with that. Just that, I think the current solution breaks other cases.

> As an alternate solution, assuming "linux,extcon-name" is coming
> from some firmware, you might want to look into the fw_devlink
> feature.

Let's forget about USB. Don't be fixed on it. It one of the particular case out
of others. I'm not going to comment USB particularities, sorry. It seems to me
as not related.

-- 
With Best Regards,
Andy Shevchenko