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Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH 0/4] mm: Add PG_zero support
To:     Alexander Duyck <alexander.duyck@gmail.com>
Cc:     Alexander Duyck <alexander.h.duyck@linux.intel.com>,
        Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>,
        linux-mm <linux-mm@kvack.org>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
        Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>,
        Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
        Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
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From:   David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
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Message-ID: <3b8c3ae3-fa4b-9158-50f7-e03718a7223a@redhat.com>
Date:   Tue, 14 Apr 2020 17:44:29 +0200
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On 14.04.20 17:07, Alexander Duyck wrote:
> On Tue, Apr 14, 2020 at 5:01 AM David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> wr=
ote:
>>
>> On 12.04.20 11:07, liliangleo wrote:
>>> Zero out the page content usually happens when allocating pages,
>>> this is a time consuming operation, it makes pin and mlock
>>> operation very slowly, especially for a large batch of memory.
>>>
>>> This patch introduce a new feature for zero out pages before page
>>> allocation, it can help to speed up page allocation.
>>>
>>> The idea is very simple, zero out free pages when the system is
>>> not busy and mark the page with PG_zero, when allocating a page,
>>> if the page need to be filled with zero, check the flag in the
>>> struct page, if it's marked as PG_zero, zero out can be skipped,
>>> it can save cpu time and speed up page allocation.
>>>
>>> This serial is based on the feature 'free page reporting' which
>>> introduced by Alexander Duyck
>>>
>>> We can benefit from this feature in the flowing case:
>>>     1. User space mlock a large chunk of memory
>>>     2. VFIO pin pages for DMA
>>>     3. Allocating transparent huge page
>>>     4. Speed up page fault process
>>>
>>> My original intention for adding this feature is to shorten
>>> VM creation time when VFIO device is attached, it works good
>>> and the VM creation time is reduced obviously.
>>>
>>> Creating a VM [64G RAM, 32 CPUs] with GPU passthrough
>>> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
>>> QEMU use 4K pages, THP is off
>>>                   round1      round2      round3
>>> w/o this patch:    23.5s       24.7s       24.6s
>>> w/ this patch:     10.2s       10.3s       11.2s
>>>
>>> QEMU use 4K pages, THP is on
>>>                   round1      round2      round3
>>> w/o this patch:    17.9s       14.8s       14.9s
>>> w/ this patch:     1.9s        1.8s        1.9s
>>> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
>>>
>>> Look forward to your feedbacks.
>>
>> I somehow have the feeling that this should not be glued to free page
>> reporting. After all, you are proposing your own status indicator for
>> each buddy page (PG_zero) already, which would mean you can build
>> something similar to free page reporting fairly easily, and have it
>> co-exist.
>>
>> The free page reporting infrastructure is helpful when wanting to
>> asynchronously batch-process higher-order pages. I don't see the
>> immediate need for the "batch-processing here".
>>
>> E.g., why not simply zero out pages as they are freed/placed into free
>> lists? Especially, this is one of the simple alternatives to free page
>> reporting as we have it today (guest zeroes free pages, hypervisor
>> detects free pages using e.g., ksm).
>=20
> The problem with doing it at free is that it would be just as
> expensive as doing it at allocation, only you would likely see it in
> more cases as more applications are more likely to free all of their
> memory at once on exit, while only a few will pin all of their pages
> at the start.

If you want to have zeroed-out memory, you'll have to pay a price. So
the question is "when to do it" and "how to do it". This series proposes
to do it asynchronously from another thread.

>=20
>> That could even allow you to avoid the PG_zero flag completely. E.g.,
>> once the feature is activated and running, all pages in the buddy free
>> lists are zeroed out already. Zeroing happens synchronously from the
>> page-freeing thread, not when starting a guest.
>>
>> Having that said, I agree with Dave here, that there might be better
>> alternatives for this somewhat-special-case.
>=20
> I wonder if it wouldn't make more sense to look at the option of
> splitting the initialization work up over multiple CPUs instead of
> leaving it all single threaded. The data above was creating a VM with
> 64GB of RAM and 32 CPUs. How fast could we zero the pages if we were
> performing the zeroing over those 32 CPUs? I wonder if we couldn't
> look at recruiting other CPUs on the same node to perform the zeroing

Sounds interesting, especially at allocation time. Maybe possible in
combination with Dave's comment "Use ramfs or hugetlbfs files. Have a
bunch of them sitting around, preallocated (and zeroed).". IMHO
something like that makes more sense than doing it asynchronously from
another thread "slowing down everybody that gets a speedup from
cache-hot pages coming out of the allocator" (Dave's comment again :) )

--=20
Thanks,

David / dhildenb