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[23.128.96.18]) by mx.google.com with ESMTP id c2si8564696edr.56.2020.06.15.09.26.31; Mon, 15 Jun 2020 09:26:55 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 23.128.96.18 as permitted sender) client-ip=23.128.96.18; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; dkim=pass header.i=@amazon.com header.s=amazon201209 header.b=PYCa4dOt; spf=pass (google.com: domain of linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org designates 23.128.96.18 as permitted sender) smtp.mailfrom=linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org; dmarc=pass (p=QUARANTINE sp=QUARANTINE dis=NONE) header.from=amazon.com Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1730777AbgFOQX4 (ORCPT + 99 others); Mon, 15 Jun 2020 12:23:56 -0400 Received: from smtp-fw-33001.amazon.com ([207.171.190.10]:1589 "EHLO smtp-fw-33001.amazon.com" rhost-flags-OK-OK-OK-OK) by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1730795AbgFOQXp (ORCPT ); Mon, 15 Jun 2020 12:23:45 -0400 DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=amazon.com; i=@amazon.com; q=dns/txt; s=amazon201209; t=1592238206; x=1623774206; h=from:to:cc:subject:date:message-id:in-reply-to: references:mime-version:content-transfer-encoding; bh=lvVdTsm6CM5Hpg5S4Sug1oOyzipdAM/WjcADg3KlVLw=; b=PYCa4dOtwhwxayrHQfzCbDGBO+avHjvGc/yrKUtrwmhEMURxb1DrDy3J NHIkzRjerYdCWYTA7Cj6rtIsNT3j41HreyRVwIrUZvM5qCJQCJVluzpdo l8C3uRzrrPSzBZonKY/BkBMOyal5JUqse2EAy1IL9sNHmQK8JkZMawzOZ Y=; IronPort-SDR: WgwEGOETSa/dbEEpK7KdrmINePkRhcQvXCXxoDM8911pOKqd6Gv0qvNbanuihrlE9JHmk1Ho5U fMpc+8WuOiRw== X-IronPort-AV: E=Sophos;i="5.73,515,1583193600"; d="scan'208";a="51081915" Received: from sea32-co-svc-lb4-vlan2.sea.corp.amazon.com (HELO email-inbound-relay-2b-4ff6265a.us-west-2.amazon.com) ([10.47.23.34]) by smtp-border-fw-out-33001.sea14.amazon.com with ESMTP; 15 Jun 2020 16:23:24 +0000 Received: from EX13MTAUEA002.ant.amazon.com (pdx4-ws-svc-p6-lb7-vlan3.pdx.amazon.com [10.170.41.166]) by email-inbound-relay-2b-4ff6265a.us-west-2.amazon.com (Postfix) with ESMTPS id 1224FA224D; Mon, 15 Jun 2020 16:23:21 +0000 (UTC) Received: from EX13D31EUA001.ant.amazon.com (10.43.165.15) by EX13MTAUEA002.ant.amazon.com (10.43.61.77) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1497.2; Mon, 15 Jun 2020 16:23:20 +0000 Received: from u886c93fd17d25d.ant.amazon.com (10.43.161.145) by EX13D31EUA001.ant.amazon.com (10.43.165.15) with Microsoft SMTP Server (TLS) id 15.0.1497.2; Mon, 15 Jun 2020 16:23:02 +0000 From: SeongJae Park To: CC: SeongJae Park , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Subject: [PATCH v16 11/14] Documentation/admin-guide/mm: Add a document for DAMON Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2020 18:19:24 +0200 Message-ID: <20200615161927.12637-12-sjpark@amazon.com> X-Mailer: git-send-email 2.17.1 In-Reply-To: <20200615161927.12637-1-sjpark@amazon.com> References: <20200615161927.12637-1-sjpark@amazon.com> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit X-Originating-IP: [10.43.161.145] X-ClientProxiedBy: EX13D23UWA004.ant.amazon.com (10.43.160.72) To EX13D31EUA001.ant.amazon.com (10.43.165.15) Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org From: SeongJae Park This commit adds a simple document for DAMON under `Documentation/admin-guide/mm`. Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park --- Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/api.rst | 20 ++ .../admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_heatmap.png | Bin 0 -> 8366 bytes .../admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_wss_change.png | Bin 0 -> 7211 bytes .../admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_wss_dist.png | Bin 0 -> 6173 bytes Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/eval.rst | 222 +++++++++++++ Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/faq.rst | 46 +++ .../admin-guide/mm/damon/freqmine_heatmap.png | Bin 0 -> 8687 bytes .../admin-guide/mm/damon/freqmine_wss_sz.png | Bin 0 -> 4986 bytes .../mm/damon/freqmine_wss_time.png | Bin 0 -> 6283 bytes Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/guide.rst | 196 +++++++++++ Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/index.rst | 36 +++ .../admin-guide/mm/damon/mechanisms.rst | 111 +++++++ Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/plans.rst | 49 +++ Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/start.rst | 119 +++++++ .../mm/damon/streamcluster_heatmap.png | Bin 0 -> 37916 bytes .../mm/damon/streamcluster_wss_sz.png | Bin 0 -> 5522 bytes .../mm/damon/streamcluster_wss_time.png | Bin 0 -> 6322 bytes Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/usage.rst | 305 ++++++++++++++++++ Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst | 1 + 19 files changed, 1105 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/api.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_heatmap.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_wss_change.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_wss_dist.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/eval.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/faq.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/freqmine_heatmap.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/freqmine_wss_sz.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/freqmine_wss_time.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/guide.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/index.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/mechanisms.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/plans.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/start.rst create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/streamcluster_heatmap.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/streamcluster_wss_sz.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/streamcluster_wss_time.png create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/usage.rst diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/api.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/api.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..649409828eab --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/api.rst @@ -0,0 +1,20 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +============= +API Reference +============= + +Kernel space programs can use every feature of DAMON using below APIs. All you +need to do is including ``damon.h``, which is located in ``include/linux/`` of +the source tree. + +Structures +========== + +.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/damon.h + + +Functions +========= + +.. kernel-doc:: mm/damon.c diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_heatmap.png b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/damon_heatmap.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ff485f9f59ca2717f5221b2824eaaed616b22c0e GIT binary patch literal 8366 zcmZu$2|QHa+rRfV!ysEip^VCs>|`m+$Wmj^E^B2;mZWTDxsghevSl~P8nW-(s3>cp zvW01}Wt+&p%zH<_|Nr;CZ_Q`SxaXYbe4p)n&+`ywpm&;)o{Js;07m>7bwdDvU;qF~ zm|e&S#4Pd&0CoWeI>s6l3I!P<5D3&SA^^Y?B0vG==7>1p?OQ0}wR89{CJ96n;o7+-&DLeE)tAL=^z&yxTPm zP*tP=UEP$u(Uc$qG7M8RfOXh&D((h({6T%COVu5QrKQgV7)!|n=7Q&9fZk!k@FN49 ziHkVA7l8Nfg>lFmhV6*39R;T9kE0Nfw;hGxK_L<;h&>cyXJsmxLMBvnHc^^7iADYt z9D#yuXlOvJ+Y8Vi0QMdR4hjK6qJWeXpePGyDggRQfCUb?pa!^T0@v|CfDUj+4|sSM zcwz*knF3knz>9NWxiwg43%)uJwq69^Ie;IXz(Hql)CK(R22EapX0AeHPiXNvwCoM7 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SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +========== +Evaluation +========== + +DAMON is lightweight. It increases system memory usage by only -0.25% and +consumes less than 1% CPU time in most case. It slows target workloads down by +only 0.94%. + +DAMON is accurate and useful for memory management optimizations. An +experimental DAMON-based operation scheme for THP, 'ethp', removes 31.29% of +THP memory overheads while preserving 60.64% of THP speedup. Another +experimental DAMON-based 'proactive reclamation' implementation, 'prcl', +reduces 87.95% of residential sets and 29.52% of system memory footprint while +incurring only 2.15% runtime overhead in the best case (parsec3/freqmine). + +Setup +===== + +On a QEMU/KVM based virtual machine utilizing 20GB of RAM and hosted by an +Intel i7 machine running Ubuntu 18.04, I measure runtime and consumed system +memory while running various realistic workloads with several configurations. +I use 13 and 12 workloads in PARSEC3 [3]_ and SPLASH-2X [4]_ benchmark suites, +respectively. I use another wrapper scripts [5]_ for convenient setup and run +of the workloads. + +Measurement +----------- + +For the measurement of the amount of consumed memory in system global scope, I +drop caches before starting each of the workloads and monitor 'MemFree' in the +'/proc/meminfo' file. To make results more stable, I repeat the runs 5 times +and average results. + +Configurations +-------------- + +The configurations I use are as below. + +- orig: Linux v5.7 with 'madvise' THP policy +- rec: 'orig' plus DAMON running with virtual memory access recording +- prec: 'orig' plus DAMON running with physical memory access recording +- thp: same with 'orig', but use 'always' THP policy +- ethp: 'orig' plus a DAMON operation scheme, 'efficient THP' +- prcl: 'orig' plus a DAMON operation scheme, 'proactive reclaim [6]_' + +I use 'rec' for measurement of DAMON overheads to target workloads and system +memory. 'prec' is for physical memory monitroing and recording. It monitors +17GB sized 'System RAM' region. The remaining configs including 'thp', 'ethp', +and 'prcl' are for measurement of DAMON monitoring accuracy. + +'ethp' and 'prcl' are simple DAMON-based operation schemes developed for +proof of concepts of DAMON. 'ethp' reduces memory space waste of THP by using +DAMON for the decision of promotions and demotion for huge pages, while 'prcl' +is as similar as the original work. Those are implemented as below:: + + # format: + # ethp: Use huge pages if a region shows >=5% access rate, use regular + # pages if a region >=2MB shows <5% access rate for >=13 seconds + null null 5 null null null hugepage + 2M null null null 13s null nohugepage + + # prcl: If a region >=4KB shows <=5% access rate for >=7 seconds, page out. + 4K null null 5 7s null pageout + +Note that both 'ethp' and 'prcl' are designed with my only straightforward +intuition because those are for only proof of concepts and monitoring accuracy +of DAMON. In other words, those are not for production. For production use, +those should be more tuned. + +.. [1] "Redis latency problems troubleshooting", https://redis.io/topics/latency +.. [2] "Disable Transparent Huge Pages (THP)", + https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/tutorial/transparent-huge-pages/ +.. [3] "The PARSEC Becnhmark Suite", https://parsec.cs.princeton.edu/index.htm +.. [4] "SPLASH-2x", https://parsec.cs.princeton.edu/parsec3-doc.htm#splash2x +.. [5] "parsec3_on_ubuntu", https://github.com/sjp38/parsec3_on_ubuntu +.. [6] "Proactively reclaiming idle memory", https://lwn.net/Articles/787611/ + +Results +======= + +Below two tables show the measurement results. The runtimes are in seconds +while the memory usages are in KiB. Each configuration except 'orig' shows +its overhead relative to 'orig' in percent within parenthesizes.:: + + runtime orig rec (overhead) prec (overhead) thp (overhead) ethp (overhead) prcl (overhead) + parsec3/blackscholes 107.228 107.859 (0.59) 108.110 (0.82) 107.381 (0.14) 106.811 (-0.39) 114.766 (7.03) + parsec3/bodytrack 79.292 79.609 (0.40) 79.777 (0.61) 79.313 (0.03) 78.892 (-0.50) 80.398 (1.40) + parsec3/canneal 148.887 150.878 (1.34) 153.337 (2.99) 127.873 (-14.11) 132.272 (-11.16) 167.631 (12.59) + parsec3/dedup 11.970 11.975 (0.04) 12.024 (0.45) 11.752 (-1.82) 11.921 (-0.41) 13.244 (10.64) + parsec3/facesim 212.800 215.927 (1.47) 215.004 (1.04) 205.117 (-3.61) 207.401 (-2.54) 220.834 (3.78) + parsec3/ferret 190.646 192.560 (1.00) 192.414 (0.93) 190.662 (0.01) 192.309 (0.87) 193.497 (1.50) + parsec3/fluidanimate 213.951 216.459 (1.17) 217.578 (1.70) 209.500 (-2.08) 211.826 (-0.99) 218.299 (2.03) + parsec3/freqmine 291.050 292.117 (0.37) 293.279 (0.77) 289.553 (-0.51) 291.768 (0.25) 297.309 (2.15) + parsec3/raytrace 118.645 119.734 (0.92) 119.521 (0.74) 117.715 (-0.78) 118.844 (0.17) 134.045 (12.98) + parsec3/streamcluster 332.843 336.997 (1.25) 337.049 (1.26) 279.716 (-15.96) 290.985 (-12.58) 346.646 (4.15) + parsec3/swaptions 155.437 157.174 (1.12) 156.159 (0.46) 155.017 (-0.27) 154.955 (-0.31) 156.555 (0.72) + parsec3/vips 59.215 59.426 (0.36) 59.156 (-0.10) 59.243 (0.05) 58.858 (-0.60) 60.184 (1.64) + parsec3/x264 67.445 71.400 (5.86) 71.122 (5.45) 64.078 (-4.99) 66.027 (-2.10) 71.489 (6.00) + splash2x/barnes 81.826 81.800 (-0.03) 82.648 (1.00) 74.343 (-9.15) 79.063 (-3.38) 103.785 (26.84) + splash2x/fft 33.850 34.148 (0.88) 33.912 (0.18) 23.493 (-30.60) 32.684 (-3.44) 48.303 (42.70) + splash2x/lu_cb 86.404 86.333 (-0.08) 86.988 (0.68) 85.720 (-0.79) 85.944 (-0.53) 89.338 (3.40) + splash2x/lu_ncb 94.908 98.021 (3.28) 96.041 (1.19) 90.304 (-4.85) 93.279 (-1.72) 97.270 (2.49) + splash2x/ocean_cp 47.122 47.391 (0.57) 47.902 (1.65) 43.227 (-8.26) 44.609 (-5.33) 51.410 (9.10) + splash2x/ocean_ncp 93.147 92.911 (-0.25) 93.886 (0.79) 51.451 (-44.76) 71.107 (-23.66) 112.554 (20.83) + splash2x/radiosity 92.150 92.604 (0.49) 93.339 (1.29) 90.802 (-1.46) 91.824 (-0.35) 104.439 (13.34) + splash2x/radix 31.961 32.113 (0.48) 32.066 (0.33) 25.184 (-21.20) 30.412 (-4.84) 49.989 (56.41) + splash2x/raytrace 84.781 85.278 (0.59) 84.763 (-0.02) 83.192 (-1.87) 83.970 (-0.96) 85.382 (0.71) + splash2x/volrend 87.401 87.978 (0.66) 87.977 (0.66) 86.636 (-0.88) 87.169 (-0.26) 88.043 (0.73) + splash2x/water_nsquared 239.140 239.570 (0.18) 240.901 (0.74) 221.323 (-7.45) 224.670 (-6.05) 244.492 (2.24) + splash2x/water_spatial 89.538 89.978 (0.49) 90.171 (0.71) 89.729 (0.21) 89.238 (-0.34) 99.331 (10.94) + total 3051.620 3080.230 (0.94) 3085.130 (1.10) 2862.320 (-6.20) 2936.830 (-3.76) 3249.240 (6.48) + + + memused.avg orig rec (overhead) prec (overhead) thp (overhead) ethp (overhead) prcl (overhead) + parsec3/blackscholes 1676679.200 1683789.200 (0.42) 1680281.200 (0.21) 1613817.400 (-3.75) 1835229.200 (9.46) 1407952.800 (-16.03) + parsec3/bodytrack 1295736.000 1308412.600 (0.98) 1311988.000 (1.25) 1243417.400 (-4.04) 1435410.600 (10.78) 1255566.400 (-3.10) + parsec3/canneal 1004062.000 1008823.800 (0.47) 1000100.200 (-0.39) 983976.000 (-2.00) 1051719.600 (4.75) 993055.800 (-1.10) + parsec3/dedup 2389765.800 2393381.000 (0.15) 2366668.200 (-0.97) 2412948.600 (0.97) 2435885.600 (1.93) 2380172.800 (-0.40) + parsec3/facesim 488927.200 498228.000 (1.90) 496683.800 (1.59) 476327.800 (-2.58) 552890.000 (13.08) 449143.600 (-8.14) + parsec3/ferret 280324.600 282032.400 (0.61) 282284.400 (0.70) 258211.000 (-7.89) 331493.800 (18.25) 265850.400 (-5.16) + parsec3/fluidanimate 560636.200 569038.200 (1.50) 565067.400 (0.79) 556923.600 (-0.66) 588021.200 (4.88) 512901.600 (-8.51) + parsec3/freqmine 883286.000 904960.200 (2.45) 886105.200 (0.32) 849347.400 (-3.84) 998358.000 (13.03) 622542.800 (-29.52) + parsec3/raytrace 1639370.200 1642318.200 (0.18) 1626673.200 (-0.77) 1591284.200 (-2.93) 1755088.400 (7.06) 1410261.600 (-13.98) + parsec3/streamcluster 116955.600 127251.400 (8.80) 121441.000 (3.84) 113853.800 (-2.65) 139659.400 (19.41) 120335.200 (2.89) + parsec3/swaptions 8342.400 18555.600 (122.43) 16581.200 (98.76) 6745.800 (-19.14) 27487.200 (229.49) 14275.600 (71.12) + parsec3/vips 2776417.600 2784989.400 (0.31) 2820564.600 (1.59) 2694060.800 (-2.97) 2968650.000 (6.92) 2713590.000 (-2.26) + parsec3/x264 2912885.000 2936474.600 (0.81) 2936775.800 (0.82) 2799599.200 (-3.89) 3168695.000 (8.78) 2829085.800 (-2.88) + splash2x/barnes 1206459.600 1204145.600 (-0.19) 1177390.000 (-2.41) 1210556.800 (0.34) 1214978.800 (0.71) 907737.000 (-24.76) + splash2x/fft 9384156.400 9258749.600 (-1.34) 8560377.800 (-8.78) 9337563.000 (-0.50) 9228873.600 (-1.65) 9823394.400 (4.68) + splash2x/lu_cb 510210.800 514052.800 (0.75) 502735.200 (-1.47) 514459.800 (0.83) 523884.200 (2.68) 367563.200 (-27.96) + splash2x/lu_ncb 510091.200 516046.800 (1.17) 505327.600 (-0.93) 512568.200 (0.49) 524178.400 (2.76) 427981.800 (-16.10) + splash2x/ocean_cp 3342260.200 3294531.200 (-1.43) 3171236.000 (-5.12) 3379693.600 (1.12) 3314896.600 (-0.82) 3252406.000 (-2.69) + splash2x/ocean_ncp 3900447.200 3881682.600 (-0.48) 3816493.200 (-2.15) 7065506.200 (81.15) 4449224.400 (14.07) 3829931.200 (-1.81) + splash2x/radiosity 1466372.000 1463840.200 (-0.17) 1438554.000 (-1.90) 1475151.600 (0.60) 1474828.800 (0.58) 496636.000 (-66.13) + splash2x/radix 1760056.600 1691719.000 (-3.88) 1613057.400 (-8.35) 1384416.400 (-21.34) 1632274.400 (-7.26) 2141640.200 (21.68) + splash2x/raytrace 38794.000 48187.400 (24.21) 46728.400 (20.45) 41323.400 (6.52) 61499.800 (58.53) 68455.200 (76.46) + splash2x/volrend 138107.400 148197.000 (7.31) 146223.400 (5.88) 128076.400 (-7.26) 164593.800 (19.18) 140885.200 (2.01) + splash2x/water_nsquared 39072.000 49889.200 (27.69) 47548.400 (21.69) 37546.400 (-3.90) 57195.400 (46.38) 42994.200 (10.04) + splash2x/water_spatial 662099.800 665964.800 (0.58) 651017.000 (-1.67) 659808.400 (-0.35) 674475.600 (1.87) 519677.600 (-21.51) + total 38991500.000 38895300.000 (-0.25) 37787817.000 (-3.09) 41347200.000 (6.04) 40609600.000 (4.15) 36994100.000 (-5.12) + + +DAMON Overheads +--------------- + +In total, DAMON virtual memory access recording feature ('rec') incurs 0.94% +runtime overhead and -0.25% memory space overhead. Even though the size of the +monitoring target region becomes much larger with the physical memory access +recording ('prec'), it still shows only modest amount of overhead (1.10% for +runtime and -3.09% for memory footprint). + +For a convenience test run of 'rec' and 'prec', I use a Python wrapper. The +wrapper constantly consumes about 10-15MB of memory. This becomes a high +memory overhead if the target workload has a small memory footprint. +Nonetheless, the overheads are not from DAMON, but from the wrapper, and thus +should be ignored. This fake memory overhead continues in 'ethp' and 'prcl', +as those configurations are also using the Python wrapper. + + +Efficient THP +------------- + +THP 'always' enabled policy achieves 6.20% speedup but incurs 6.04% memory +overhead. It achieves 44.76% speedup in the best case, but 81.15% memory +overhead in the worst case. Interestingly, both the best and worst-case are +with 'splash2x/ocean_ncp'). + +The 2-lines implementation of data access monitoring based THP version ('ethp') +shows 3.76% speedup and 4.15% memory overhead. In other words, 'ethp' removes +31.29% of THP memory waste while preserving 60.64% of THP speedup in total. In +the case of the 'splash2x/ocean_ncp', 'ethp' removes 82.66% of THP memory waste +while preserving 52.85% of THP speedup. + + +Proactive Reclamation +--------------------- + +As similar to the original work, I use 4G 'zram' swap device for this +configuration. + +In total, our 1 line implementation of Proactive Reclamation, 'prcl', incurred +6.48% runtime overhead in total while achieving 5.12% system memory usage +reduction. + +Nonetheless, as the memory usage is calculated with 'MemFree' in +'/proc/meminfo', it contains the SwapCached pages. As the swapcached pages can +be easily evicted, I also measured the residential set size of the workloads:: + + rss.avg orig rec (overhead) prec (overhead) thp (overhead) ethp (overhead) prcl (overhead) + parsec3/blackscholes 590412.200 589991.400 (-0.07) 591716.400 (0.22) 591131.000 (0.12) 591055.200 (0.11) 274623.600 (-53.49) + parsec3/bodytrack 32202.200 32297.400 (0.30) 32301.400 (0.31) 32328.000 (0.39) 32169.800 (-0.10) 25311.200 (-21.40) + parsec3/canneal 840063.600 839145.200 (-0.11) 839506.200 (-0.07) 835102.600 (-0.59) 839766.000 (-0.04) 833091.800 (-0.83) + parsec3/dedup 1185493.200 1202688.800 (1.45) 1204597.000 (1.61) 1238071.400 (4.44) 1201689.400 (1.37) 920688.600 (-22.34) + parsec3/facesim 311570.400 311542.000 (-0.01) 311665.000 (0.03) 316106.400 (1.46) 312003.400 (0.14) 252646.000 (-18.91) + parsec3/ferret 99783.200 99330.000 (-0.45) 99735.000 (-0.05) 102000.600 (2.22) 99927.400 (0.14) 90967.400 (-8.83) + parsec3/fluidanimate 531780.800 531800.800 (0.00) 531754.600 (-0.00) 532009.600 (0.04) 531822.400 (0.01) 479116.000 (-9.90) + parsec3/freqmine 551787.600 551550.600 (-0.04) 551950.000 (0.03) 556030.000 (0.77) 553720.400 (0.35) 66480.000 (-87.95) + parsec3/raytrace 895247.000 895240.200 (-0.00) 895770.400 (0.06) 895880.200 (0.07) 893516.600 (-0.19) 327339.600 (-63.44) + parsec3/streamcluster 110862.200 110840.400 (-0.02) 110878.600 (0.01) 112067.200 (1.09) 112010.800 (1.04) 109763.600 (-0.99) + parsec3/swaptions 5630.000 5580.800 (-0.87) 5599.600 (-0.54) 5624.200 (-0.10) 5697.400 (1.20) 3792.400 (-32.64) + parsec3/vips 31677.200 31881.800 (0.65) 31785.800 (0.34) 32177.000 (1.58) 32456.800 (2.46) 29692.000 (-6.27) + parsec3/x264 81796.400 81918.600 (0.15) 81827.600 (0.04) 82734.800 (1.15) 82854.000 (1.29) 81478.200 (-0.39) + splash2x/barnes 1216014.600 1215462.000 (-0.05) 1218535.200 (0.21) 1227689.400 (0.96) 1219022.000 (0.25) 650771.000 (-46.48) + splash2x/fft 9622775.200 9511973.400 (-1.15) 9688178.600 (0.68) 9733868.400 (1.15) 9651488.000 (0.30) 7567077.400 (-21.36) + splash2x/lu_cb 511102.400 509911.600 (-0.23) 511123.800 (0.00) 514466.800 (0.66) 510462.800 (-0.13) 361014.000 (-29.37) + splash2x/lu_ncb 510569.800 510724.600 (0.03) 510888.800 (0.06) 513951.600 (0.66) 509474.400 (-0.21) 424030.400 (-16.95) + splash2x/ocean_cp 3413563.600 3413721.800 (0.00) 3398399.600 (-0.44) 3446878.000 (0.98) 3404799.200 (-0.26) 3244787.400 (-4.94) + splash2x/ocean_ncp 3927797.400 3936294.400 (0.22) 3917698.800 (-0.26) 7181781.200 (82.85) 4525783.600 (15.22) 3693747.800 (-5.96) + splash2x/radiosity 1477264.800 1477569.200 (0.02) 1476954.200 (-0.02) 1485724.800 (0.57) 1474684.800 (-0.17) 230128.000 (-84.42) + splash2x/radix 1773025.000 1754424.200 (-1.05) 1743194.400 (-1.68) 1445575.200 (-18.47) 1694855.200 (-4.41) 1769750.000 (-0.18) + splash2x/raytrace 23292.000 23284.000 (-0.03) 23292.800 (0.00) 28704.800 (23.24) 26489.600 (13.73) 15753.000 (-32.37) + splash2x/volrend 44095.800 44068.200 (-0.06) 44107.600 (0.03) 44114.600 (0.04) 44054.000 (-0.09) 31616.000 (-28.30) + splash2x/water_nsquared 29416.800 29403.200 (-0.05) 29406.400 (-0.04) 30103.200 (2.33) 29433.600 (0.06) 24927.400 (-15.26) + splash2x/water_spatial 657791.000 657840.400 (0.01) 657826.600 (0.01) 657595.800 (-0.03) 656617.800 (-0.18) 481334.800 (-26.83) + total 28475091.000 28368400.000 (-0.37) 28508700.000 (0.12) 31641800.000 (11.12) 29036000.000 (1.97) 21989800.000 (-22.78) + +In total, 22.78% of residential sets were reduced. + +With parsec3/freqmine, 'prcl' reduced 87.95% of residential sets and 29.52% of +system memory usage while incurring only 2.15% runtime overhead. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/faq.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/faq.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..02f7581b05f6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/faq.rst @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +========================== +Frequently Asked Questions +========================== + +Why a new module, instead of extending perf or other user space tools? +====================================================================== + +First, because it needs to be lightweight as much as possible so that it can be +used online, any unnecessary overhead such as kernel - user space context +switching cost should be avoided. Second, DAMON aims to be used by other +programs including the kernel. Therefore, having a dependency on specific +tools like perf is not desirable. These are the two biggest reasons why DAMON +is implemented in the kernel space. + + +Can 'idle pages tracking' or 'perf mem' substitute DAMON? +========================================================= + +Idle page tracking is a low level primitive for access check of each physical +page frame. 'perf mem' is similar, though it can use sampling to minimize the +overhead. DAMON is a higher-level framework for access patterns of data objects +that focused on memory management optimization and providing sophisticated +features for that including the overhead handling. Therefore, 'idle pages +tracking' and 'perf mem' could provide a subset of DAMON's output, but cannot +substitute DAMON. Rather than that, DAMON could use those as it's low-level +primitives. + + +How can I optimize my system's memory management using DAMON? +============================================================= + +Because there are several ways for the DAMON-based optimizations, we wrote a +separate document, :doc:`guide`. Please refer to that. + + +Does DAMON support virtual memory only? +======================================== + +For now, yes. But, DAMON will be able to support various address spaces +including physical memory in near future. An RFC patchset [1]_ for this +extension is already available. Please refer :doc:`plans` for detailed plan +for this. + +.. 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zW~0FknbX~iC()>%7n3ZN8KyeJSBJmI3-+8(7LYPjQVY{K>C{=?nAa=XG?_ySv`v{Tue=vgV4#sY#Qd+{8vD$g=$2hGa|h=fxYsxS&me-#kg>R%pOk z3ywN?so|A5YE>y`%YONMwF2QvuL`Rrp@5`O1}=VMZQNpiUl$1)$z?I zE5nAFO+yIt#}D=*d(dz_|15dk*+xZ(w + + + (small mmap()-ed regions and munmap()-ed regions) + + + + +To further minimize dynamic mapping changes applying overhead, DAMON checks the +dynamic memory mapping changes and applies it to the abstracted target area +only for each of a user-specified time interval (``regions update interval``). diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/plans.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/plans.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..96251752b3f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/plans.rst @@ -0,0 +1,49 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +============ +Future Plans +============ + +DAMON is still on its first stage. Below plans are still under development. + + +Automate Data Access Monitoring-based Memory Operation Schemes Execution +======================================================================== + +The ultimate goal of DAMON is being used as a building block of the data access +pattern aware kernel memory management subsystem optimization. However, as +always, some users having very special workloads will want to do their +optimization. DAMON will automate most of the tasks for such manual +optimizations soon. Users will be required to only describe what kind of data +access pattern-based operation schemes they want in a simple form. + +By applying a very simple scheme for THP promotion/demotion with a prototype +implementation, DAMON reduced 60% of THP memory footprint overhead while +preserving 50% of the THP performance benefit. The detailed results can be +seen on an external web page [1]_. + +Several RFC patchsets for this plan are available [2]_. + + +Support Various Address Spaces +============================== + +Currently, DAMON supports only virtual memory address spaces because it +utilizes PTE Accessed bits as its low-level access check primitive and ``struct +vma`` as a way to address the monitoring target regions. However, the core +idea of DAMON is in a separate higher layer. Therefore, DAMON can support +other various address spaces by changing the two low primitives to others for +the address spaces. + +In the future, DAMON will make the lower level primitives configurable so that +it can support various address spaces including physical memory. The +configuration will be highly flexible so that users can even implement the +primitives by themselves for their special use cases. Monitoring of +clean/dirty/entire page cache, NUMA nodes, specific files, or block devices +would be examples of such use cases. + +An RFC patchset for this plan is available [3]_. + +.. [1] https://damonitor.github.io/test/result/perf/latest/html/ +.. [2] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200429124540.32232-1-sjpark@amazon.com/ +.. [3] https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/20200409094232.29680-1-sjpark@amazon.com/ diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/start.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/start.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..0f1a366ac245 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/damon/start.rst @@ -0,0 +1,119 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +=============== +Getting Started +=============== + +This document briefly describes how you can use DAMON by demonstrating the user +space tool. Please note that this document describes only a part of the +features for brevity. Please refer to :doc:`usage` for more details. + + +TL; DR +====== + +Simply follow below 5 commands. Don't forget replacing ```` +with your *real* workload, though. :: + + $ git clone https://github.com/sjp38/linux -b damon/master + /* build the kernel with CONFIG_DAMON=y, install, reboot */ + $ cd linux/tools/damon + $ ./damo record $(pidof ) + $ ./damo report heats --heatmap access_pattern.pdf + $ ./damo report wss --range 0 101 1 --plot wss_dist.pdf + + +Prerequisites +============= + +Kernel +------ + +You should first ensure your system is running on a kernel built with +``CONFIG_DAMON``. If the value is set as ``m``, you should load the module +first:: + + # modprobe damon + + +User Space Tool +--------------- + +For the demonstration, we will use a user space tool for the convenient use of +DAMON, called DAMON Operator (DAMO). It is located at ``tools/damon/damo`` of +the kernel source tree. We assume that you set ``$PATH`` to point it. The +``$PATH`` setting is not mandatory but we make the assumption here for the +brevity of the below examples. + +Because DAMO is using the debugfs interface (refer to :doc:`usage` for the +detail) of DAMON, you should also ensure debugfs is mounted. Mount it manually +as below:: + + # mount -t debugfs none /sys/kernel/debug/ + +or append below line to your ``/etc/fstab`` file so that your system can +automatically mount debugfs from next booting:: + + debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs defaults 0 0 + + +Recording Data Access Patterns +============================== + +Below commands record memory access pattern of a program, ``masim``, and save +it in a file, ``damon.data``. The program will access two 100 MiB memory +regions one by one. :: + + $ git clone https://github.com/sjp38/masim + $ cd masim; make; ./masim ./configs/zigzag.cfg & + $ sudo damo record -o damon.data $(pidof masim) + +The first two lines of commands start the monitoring target process in the +background. You can substitute this with your real workload. The last line +asks ``damo record`` to record the access pattern. + + +Visualizing Recorded Patterns +============================= + +Below three commands visualize the recorded access patterns into three +image files, ``access_pattern_heatmap.png``, ``wss_dist.png``, and +``wss_chron_change.png``. :: + + $ damo report heats --heatmap -i damon.data access_pattern_heatmap.png + $ damo report wss --range 0 101 1 --plot wss_dist.png + $ damo report wss --range 0 101 1 --sortby time --plot wss_chron_change.png + +- ``access_pattern_heatmap.png`` will show the data access pattern in a + heatmap, which shows when (x-axis) what memory region (y-axis) is how + frequently accessed (color). +- ``wss_dist.png`` will show the distribution of the working set size. +- ``wss_chron_change.png`` will show how the working set size has + chronologically changed. + +Below are the three images. You can show those made with other realistic +workloads at external web pages [1]_ [2]_ [3]_. + +.. list-table:: + + * - .. kernel-figure:: damon_heatmap.png + :alt: the access pattern in heatmap format + :align: center + + The access pattern in heatmap format. + + - .. kernel-figure:: damon_wss_dist.png + :alt: the distribution of working set size + :align: center + + The distribution of working set size. + + - .. kernel-figure:: damon_wss_change.png + :alt: the chronological changes of working set size + :align: center + + The chronological changes of working set size. + +.. [1] https://damonitor.github.io/test/result/visual/latest/heatmap.1.html +.. [2] https://damonitor.github.io/test/result/visual/latest/wss_sz.html +.. 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SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +=============== +Detailed Usages +=============== + +DAMON provides below three interfaces for various use cases. + +- *DAMON user space tool.* + This is for privileged people such as system administrators who want a + just-working human-friendly interface. This interface is a reference + implementation of the DAMON debugfs wrapper user space tool. Using this + tool, you can easily use the DAMON’s major features in a human-friendly way, + though it may not be highly tuned for your specific use-cases. +- *debugfs interface.* + This is for user space programmers who want optimized use of DAMON. Using + this interface, you can use DAMON’s major features by reading from and + writing to specific debugfs files. Of course, you can write and use your + personalized DAMON debugfs wrapper user space tool that reads/writes the + debugfs files instead of you and provides a more human-friendly interface. +- *Kernel Space Programming Interface.* + This is for kernel space programmers. Using this, you can utilize every + feature of DAMON most flexibly and efficiently by writing kernel space + DAMON application programs for you. + +We recommend you to start with the DAMON user space tool and move to debugfs +interface only if the real requirement is found, and prohibit the use of the +kernel space programming interface unless you need it, for the following +reasons. First of all, there will be no big difference between the overheads +of these three interfaces, unless the use case is so special. Also, all these +three interfaces support all major features of DAMON. + +This document, therefore, does not describe the kernel space programming +interface in detail. For the programming interface, please refer to :doc:`api` +or ``include/linux/damon.h`` file in the kernel source tree. + + + +User Space Tool for DAMON +========================= + +A reference implementation of the DAMON user space tool which provides a +convenient user interface is located at ``tools/damon/damo`` in the kernel +source tree. Please note that this is initially aimed to be used for minimal +reference of the DAMON's debugfs interfaces and for tests of the DAMON itself. +Based on the debugfs interface, you can create another cool and more convenient +user space tools. + +The interface of the tool is basically subcommand based. You can almost always +use ``-h`` option to get the help of the use of each subcommand. Currently, it +supports two subcommands, ``record`` and ``report``. + +Below example commands assume you set ``$PATH`` to points ``tools/damon/`` for +brevity. It is not mandatory for use of ``damo``, though. + + +Recording Data Access Pattern +----------------------------- + +The ``record`` subcommand records the data access pattern of target processes +in a file (``./damon.data`` by default). You can specify the target as either +pid of running target or a command for execution of the process. Below example +shows a command target usage:: + + # cd /tools/damon/ + # damo record "sleep 5" + +The tool will execute ``sleep 5`` by itself and record the data access patterns +of the process. Below example shows a pid target usage:: + + # sleep 5 & + # damo record `pidof sleep` + +You can tune this by setting the monitoring attributes and path to the record +file using optional arguments to the subcommand. To know about the monitoring +attributes in detail, please refer to :doc:`mechanisms`. + + +Analyzing Data Access Pattern +----------------------------- + +The ``report`` subcommand reads a data access pattern record file (if not +explicitly specified, reads ``./damon.data`` file by default) and generates +human-readable reports of various types. You can specify what type of report +you want using a sub-subcommand to ``report`` subcommand. ``raw``, ``heats``, +and ``wss`` report types are supported for now. + + +raw +~~~ + +``raw`` sub-subcommand simply transforms the binary record into human-readable +text. For example:: + + $ damo report raw + start_time: 193485829398 + rel time: 0 + nr_tasks: 1 + pid: 1348 + nr_regions: 4 + 560189609000-56018abce000( 22827008): 0 + 7fbdff59a000-7fbdffaf1a00( 5601792): 0 + 7fbdffaf1a00-7fbdffbb5000( 800256): 1 + 7ffea0dc0000-7ffea0dfd000( 249856): 0 + + rel time: 100000731 + nr_tasks: 1 + pid: 1348 + nr_regions: 6 + 560189609000-56018abce000( 22827008): 0 + 7fbdff59a000-7fbdff8ce933( 3361075): 0 + 7fbdff8ce933-7fbdffaf1a00( 2240717): 1 + 7fbdffaf1a00-7fbdffb66d99( 480153): 0 + 7fbdffb66d99-7fbdffbb5000( 320103): 1 + 7ffea0dc0000-7ffea0dfd000( 249856): 0 + +The first line shows the recording started timestamp (nanosecond). Records of +data access patterns are following this. Each record is separated by a blank +line. Each record first specifies the recorded time (``rel time``), the number +of monitored tasks in this record (``nr_tasks``). A numbers of records of data +access patterns for each task follow. Each data access pattern for each task +shows it's pid (``pid``) and a number of monitored virtual address regions in +this access pattern (``nr_regions``) first. After that, each line shows the +start/end address, size, and the number of monitored accesses to the region for +each of the regions. + + +heats +~~~~~ + +The ``raw`` output is very detailed but hard to manually read and analyze. +``heats`` sub-subcommand plots the data in 3-dimensional form, which represents +the time in x-axis, virtual address in y-axis, and the access frequency in +z-axis. Users can set the resolution of the map (``--tres`` and ``--ares``) +and start/end point of each axis (``--tmin``, ``--tmax``, ``--amin``, and +``--amax``) via optional arguments. For example:: + + $ damo report heats --tres 3 --ares 3 + 0 0 0.0 + 0 7609002 0.0 + 0 15218004 0.0 + 66112620851 0 0.0 + 66112620851 7609002 0.0 + 66112620851 15218004 0.0 + 132225241702 0 0.0 + 132225241702 7609002 0.0 + 132225241702 15218004 0.0 + +This command shows a recorded access pattern in heatmap of 3x3 resolution. +Therefore it shows 9 data points in total. Each line shows each of the data +points. The three numbers in each line represent time in nanosecond, virtual +address in bytes, and the observed access frequency. + +Users can easily convert this text output into a heatmap image (represent z-axis +values with colors) or other 3D representations using various tools such as +'gnuplot'. ``heats`` sub-subcommand also provides 'gnuplot' based heatmap +image creation. For this, you can use ``--heatmap`` option. Also, note that +because it uses 'gnuplot' internally, it will fail if 'gnuplot' is not +installed on your system. For example:: + + $ ./damo report heats --heatmap heatmap.png + +Creates ``heatmap.png`` file containing the heatmap image. It supports +``pdf``, ``png``, ``jpeg``, and ``svg``. + +If the target address space is virtual memory address space and you plot the +entire address space, the huge unmapped regions will make the picture looks +only black. Therefore you should do proper zoom in / zoom out using the axis +boundary-setting optional arguments. To make this effort minimal, you can use +``--guide`` option. For example:: + + $ ./damo report heats --guide + pid:1348 + time: 193485829398-198337863555 (4852034157) + region 0: 00000094564599762944-00000094564622589952 (22827008) + region 1: 00000140454009610240-00000140454016012288 (6402048) + region 2: 00000140731597193216-00000140731597443072 (249856) + +The output shows unions of monitored regions (start and end addresses in byte) +and union of monitored time duration (start and end time in nanoseconds) of +each target task. Therefore, it would be wise to plot the data points in each +union. If no axis boundary option is given, it will automatically find the +biggest union in ``--guide`` output and plot for it. + + +wss +~~~ + +The ``wss`` type extracts the distribution and chronological working set size +changes from the records. For example:: + + $ ./damo report wss + # + # pid 1348 + # avr: 66228 + 0 0 + 25 0 + 50 0 + 75 0 + 100 1920615 + +Without any option, it shows the distribution of the working set sizes as +above. It shows 0th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 100th percentile and the average of +the measured working set sizes in the access pattern records. In this case, +the working set size was zero for 75th percentile but 1,920,615 bytes in max +and 66,228 bytes on average. + +By setting the sort key of the percentile using '--sortby', you can show how +the working set size has chronologically changed. For example:: + + $ ./damo report wss --sortby time + # + # pid 1348 + # avr: 66228 + 0 0 + 25 0 + 50 0 + 75 0 + 100 0 + +The average is still 66,228. And, because the access was spiked in very short +duration but we use only 4 data points, we cannot show when the access spikes +made. Users can specify the resolution of the distribution (``--range``). By +giving more fine resolution, users will be able to see the short duration +spikes. + +Similar to that of ``heats --heatmap``, it also supports 'gnuplot' based simple +visualization of the distribution via ``--plot`` option. + + +debugfs Interface +================= + +DAMON exports four files, ``attrs``, ``pids``, ``record``, and ``monitor_on`` +under its debugfs directory, ``/damon/``. + + +Attributes +---------- + +Users can get and set the ``sampling interval``, ``aggregation interval``, +``regions update interval``, and min/max number of monitoring target regions by +reading from and writing to the ``attrs`` file. To know about the monitoring +attributes in detail, please refer to :doc:`mechanisms`. For example, below +commands set those values to 5 ms, 100 ms, 1,000 ms, 10 and 1000, and then +check it again:: + + # cd /damon + # echo 5000 100000 1000000 10 1000 > attrs + # cat attrs + 5000 100000 1000000 10 1000 + + +Target PIDs +----------- + +Users can get and set the pids of monitoring target processes by reading from +and writing to the ``pids`` file. For example, below commands set processes +having pids 42 and 4242 as the processes to be monitored and check it again:: + + # cd /damon + # echo 42 4242 > pids + # cat pids + 42 4242 + +Note that setting the pids doesn't start the monitoring. + + +Record +------ + +This debugfs file allows you to record monitored access patterns in a regular +binary file. The recorded results are first written to an in-memory buffer and +flushed to a file in batch. Users can get and set the size of the buffer and +the path to the result file by reading from and writing to the ``record`` file. +For example, below commands set the buffer to be 4 KiB and the result to be +saved in ``/damon.data``. :: + + # cd /damon + # echo "4096 /damon.data" > record + # cat record + 4096 /damon.data + + +Turning On/Off +-------------- + +Setting the attributes as described above doesn't incur effect unless you +explicitly start the monitoring. You can start, stop, and check the current +status of the monitoring by writing to and reading from the ``monitor_on`` +file. Writing ``on`` to the file make DAMON start monitoring of the target +processes with the attributes. Recording will also start if requested before. +Writing ``off`` to the file stops those. DAMON also stops if every target +process is terminated. Below example commands turn on, off, and check the +status of DAMON:: + + # cd /damon + # echo on > monitor_on + # echo off > monitor_on + # cat monitor_on + off + +Please note that you cannot write to the above-mentioned debugfs files while +the monitoring is turned on. If you write to the files while DAMON is running, +an error code such as ``-EBUSY`` will be returned. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst index 11db46448354..d3d0ba373eb6 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/index.rst @@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ the Linux memory management. concepts cma_debugfs + data_access_monitor hugetlbpage idle_page_tracking ksm -- 2.17.1