Date: Mon, 1 May 2006 13:48:23 -0700
From: "Randy.Dunlap" <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
To: David Woodhouse <dwmw2@infradead.org>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, akpm@osdl.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH] CodingStyle: add typedefs chapter
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On Mon, 01 May 2006 18:06:06 +0100 David Woodhouse wrote:

> On Sun, 2006-04-30 at 17:44 -0700, Randy.Dunlap wrote:
> > + (b) Clear integer types, where the abstraction _helps_ avoid confusion
> > +     whether it is "int" or "long".
> > +
> > +     u8/u16/u32 are perfectly fine typedefs. 
> 
> No, u8/u16/u32 are fall into category (d):

Thanks.  Here's an updated version.

---
From: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>

Add a chapter on typedefs, copied from an email from Linus
to lkml on Feb. 3, 2006:
(Subject: Re: [RFC][PATCH 1/5] Virtualization/containers: startup)
with added lkml feedback, esp. David Woodhouse.

Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
---
 Documentation/CodingStyle |   96 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

--- linux-2617-rc3.orig/Documentation/CodingStyle
+++ linux-2617-rc3/Documentation/CodingStyle
@@ -155,7 +155,79 @@ problem, which is called the function-gr
 See next chapter.
 
 
-		Chapter 5: Functions
+		Chapter 5: Typedefs
+
+Please don't use things like "vps_t".
+
+It's a _mistake_ to use typedef for structures and pointers. When you see a
+
+	vps_t a;
+
+in the source, what does it mean?
+
+In contrast, if it says
+
+	struct virtual_container *a;
+
+you can actually tell what "a" is.
+
+Lots of people think that typedefs "help readability". Not so. They are
+useful only for:
+
+ (a) totally opaque objects (where the typedef is actively used to _hide_
+     what the object is).
+
+     Example: "pte_t" etc. opaque objects that you can only access using
+     the proper accessor functions.
+
+     NOTE! Opaqueness and "accessor functions" are not good in themselves.
+     The reason we have them for things like pte_t etc. is that there
+     really is absolutely _zero_ portably accessible information there.
+
+ (b) Clear integer types, where the abstraction _helps_ avoid confusion
+     whether it is "int" or "long".
+
+     u8/u16/u32 are perfectly fine typedefs, although they fit into
+     category (d) better than here.
+
+     NOTE! Again - there needs to be a _reason_ for this. If something is
+     "unsigned long", then there's no reason to do
+
+	typedef unsigned long myflags_t;
+
+     but if there is a clear reason for why it under certain circumstances
+     might be an "unsigned int" and under other configurations might be
+     "unsigned long", then by all means go ahead and use a typedef.
+
+ (c) when you use sparse to literally create a _new_ type for
+     type-checking.
+
+ (d) New types which are identical to standard C99 types, in certain
+     exceptional circumstances.
+
+     Although it would only take a short amount of time for the eyes and
+     brain to become accustomed to the standard types like 'uint32_t',
+     some people object to their use anyway.
+
+     Therefore, the gratuitous 'u8/u16/u32/u64' types and their signed
+     equivalents which are identical to standard types are permitted --
+     although they are not mandatory.
+
+ (e) Types safe for use in userspace.
+
+     In certain structures which are visible to userspace, we cannot
+     require C99 types and cannot use the 'u32' form above. Thus, we
+     use __u32 and similar types in all structures which are shared
+     with userspace.
+
+Maybe there are other cases too, but the rule should basically be to NEVER
+EVER use a typedef unless you can clearly match one of those rules.
+
+In general, a pointer, or a struct that has elements that can reasonably
+be directly accessed should _never_ be a typedef.
+
+
+		Chapter 6: Functions
 
 Functions should be short and sweet, and do just one thing.  They should
 fit on one or two screenfuls of text (the ISO/ANSI screen size is 80x24,
@@ -183,7 +255,7 @@ and it gets confused.  You know you're b
 to understand what you did 2 weeks from now.
 
 
-		Chapter 6: Centralized exiting of functions
+		Chapter 7: Centralized exiting of functions
 
 Albeit deprecated by some people, the equivalent of the goto statement is
 used frequently by compilers in form of the unconditional jump instruction.
@@ -220,7 +292,7 @@ out:
 	return result;
 }
 
-		Chapter 7: Commenting
+		Chapter 8: Commenting
 
 Comments are good, but there is also a danger of over-commenting.  NEVER
 try to explain HOW your code works in a comment: it's much better to
@@ -240,7 +312,7 @@ When commenting the kernel API functions
 See the files Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt and scripts/kernel-doc
 for details.
 
-		Chapter 8: You've made a mess of it
+		Chapter 9: You've made a mess of it
 
 That's OK, we all do.  You've probably been told by your long-time Unix
 user helper that "GNU emacs" automatically formats the C sources for
@@ -288,7 +360,7 @@ re-formatting you may want to take a loo
 remember: "indent" is not a fix for bad programming.
 
 
-		Chapter 9: Configuration-files
+		Chapter 10: Configuration-files
 
 For configuration options (arch/xxx/Kconfig, and all the Kconfig files),
 somewhat different indentation is used.
@@ -313,7 +385,7 @@ support for file-systems, for instance) 
 experimental options should be denoted (EXPERIMENTAL).
 
 
-		Chapter 10: Data structures
+		Chapter 11: Data structures
 
 Data structures that have visibility outside the single-threaded
 environment they are created and destroyed in should always have
@@ -344,7 +416,7 @@ Remember: if another thread can find you
 have a reference count on it, you almost certainly have a bug.
 
 
-		Chapter 11: Macros, Enums and RTL
+		Chapter 12: Macros, Enums and RTL
 
 Names of macros defining constants and labels in enums are capitalized.
 
@@ -399,7 +471,7 @@ The cpp manual deals with macros exhaust
 covers RTL which is used frequently with assembly language in the kernel.
 
 
-		Chapter 12: Printing kernel messages
+		Chapter 13: Printing kernel messages
 
 Kernel developers like to be seen as literate. Do mind the spelling
 of kernel messages to make a good impression. Do not use crippled
@@ -410,7 +482,7 @@ Kernel messages do not have to be termin
 Printing numbers in parentheses (%d) adds no value and should be avoided.
 
 
-		Chapter 13: Allocating memory
+		Chapter 14: Allocating memory
 
 The kernel provides the following general purpose memory allocators:
 kmalloc(), kzalloc(), kcalloc(), and vmalloc().  Please refer to the API
@@ -429,7 +501,7 @@ from void pointer to any other pointer t
 language.
 
 
-		Chapter 14: The inline disease
+		Chapter 15: The inline disease
 
 There appears to be a common misperception that gcc has a magic "make me
 faster" speedup option called "inline". While the use of inlines can be
@@ -457,7 +529,7 @@ something it would have done anyway.
 
 
 
-		Chapter 15: References
+		Appendix I: References
 
 The C Programming Language, Second Edition
 by Brian W. Kernighan and Dennis M. Ritchie.
@@ -481,4 +553,4 @@ Kernel CodingStyle, by greg@kroah.com at
 http://www.kroah.com/linux/talks/ols_2002_kernel_codingstyle_talk/html/
 
 --
-Last updated on 30 December 2005 by a community effort on LKML.
+Last updated on 30 April 2006.
-
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