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Date:   Wed, 16 Sep 2020 15:39:51 -0700
From:   "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org>
To:     Daniel Vetter <daniel@ffwll.ch>
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Subject: Re: [patch 00/13] preempt: Make preempt count unconditional
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On Wed, Sep 16, 2020 at 11:43:02PM +0200, Daniel Vetter wrote:
> On Wed, Sep 16, 2020 at 10:58 PM Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org> wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, Sep 16, 2020 at 10:29:06PM +0200, Daniel Vetter wrote:
> > > On Wed, Sep 16, 2020 at 5:29 PM Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > On Wed, Sep 16, 2020 at 09:37:17AM +0200, Daniel Vetter wrote:
> > > > > On Tue, Sep 15, 2020 at 7:35 PM Linus Torvalds
> > > > > <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> wrote:
> > > > > >
> > > > > > On Tue, Sep 15, 2020 at 1:39 AM Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> wrote:
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > > OTOH, having a working 'preemptible()' or maybe better named
> > > > > > > 'can_schedule()' check makes tons of sense to make decisions about
> > > > > > > allocation modes or other things.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > No. I think that those kinds of decisions about actual behavior are
> > > > > > always simply fundamentally wrong.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Note that this is very different from having warnings about invalid
> > > > > > use. THAT is correct. It may not warn in all configurations, but that
> > > > > > doesn't matter: what matters is that it warns in common enough
> > > > > > configurations that developers will catch it.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > So having a warning in "might_sleep()" that doesn't always trigger,
> > > > > > because you have a limited configuration that can't even detect the
> > > > > > situation, that's fine and dandy and intentional.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > But having code like
> > > > > >
> > > > > >        if (can_schedule())
> > > > > >            .. do something different ..
> > > > > >
> > > > > > is fundamentally complete and utter garbage.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > It's one thing if you test for "am I in hardware interrupt context".
> > > > > > Those tests aren't great either, but at least they make sense.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > But a driver - or some library routine - making a difference based on
> > > > > > some nebulous "can I schedule" is fundamentally and basically WRONG.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > If some code changes behavior, it needs to be explicit to the *caller*
> > > > > > of that code.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > So this is why GFP_ATOMIC is fine, but "if (!can_schedule())
> > > > > > do_something_atomic()" is pure shite.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > And I am not IN THE LEAST interested in trying to help people doing
> > > > > > pure shite. We need to fix them. Like the crypto code is getting
> > > > > > fixed.
> > > > >
> > > > > Just figured I'll throw my +1 in from reading too many (gpu) drivers.
> > > > > Code that tries to cleverly adjust its behaviour depending upon the
> > > > > context it's running in is harder to understand and blows up in more
> > > > > interesting ways. We still have drm_can_sleep() and it's mostly just
> > > > > used for debug code, and I've largely ended up just deleting
> > > > > everything that used it because when you're driver is blowing up the
> > > > > last thing you want is to realize your debug code and output can't be
> > > > > relied upon. Or worse, that the only Oops you have is the one in the
> > > > > debug code, because the real one scrolled away - the original idea
> > > > > behind drm_can_sleep was to make all the modeset code work
> > > > > automagically both in normal ioctl/kworker context and in the panic
> > > > > handlers or kgdb callbacks. Wishful thinking at best.
> > > > >
> > > > > Also at least for me that extends to everything, e.g. I much prefer
> > > > > explicit spin_lock and spin_lock_irq vs magic spin_lock_irqsave for
> > > > > locks shared with interrupt handlers, since the former two gives me
> > > > > clear information from which contexts such function can be called.
> > > > > Other end is the memalloc_no*_save/restore functions, where I recently
> > > > > made a real big fool of myself because I didn't realize how much that
> > > > > impacts everything that's run within - suddenly "GFP_KERNEL for small
> > > > > stuff never fails" is wrong everywhere.
> > > > >
> > > > > It's all great for debugging and sanity checks (and we run with all
> > > > > that stuff enabled in our CI), but really semantic changes depending
> > > > > upon magic context checks freak my out :-)
> > > >
> > > > All fair, but some of us need to write code that must handle being
> > > > invoked from a wide variety of contexts.  Now perhaps you like the idea of
> > > > call_rcu() for schedulable contexts, call_rcu_nosched() when preemption
> > > > is disabled, call_rcu_irqs_are_disabled() when interrupts are disabled,
> > > > call_rcu_raw_atomic() from contexts where (for example) raw spinlocks
> > > > are held, and so on.  However, from what I can see, most people instead
> > > > consistently prefer that the RCU API instead be consolidated.
> > > >
> > > > Some in-flight cache-efficiency work for kvfree_rcu() and call_rcu()
> > > > needs to be able to allocate memory occasionally.  It can do that when
> > > > invoked from some contexts, but not when invoked from others.  Right now,
> > > > in !PREEMPT kernels, it cannot tell, and must either do things to the
> > > > memory allocators that some of the MM hate or must unnecessarily invoke
> > > > workqueues.  Thomas's patches would allow the code to just allocate in
> > > > the common case when these primitives are invoked from contexts where
> > > > allocation is permitted.
> > > >
> > > > If we want to restrict access to the can_schedule() or whatever primitive,
> > > > fine and good.  We can add a check to checkpatch.pl, for example.  Maybe
> > > > we can go back to the old brlock approach of requiring certain people's
> > > > review for each addition to the kernel.
> > > >
> > > > But there really are use cases that it would greatly help.
> > >
> > > We can deadlock in random fun places if random stuff we're calling
> > > suddenly starts allocating. Sometimes. Maybe once in a blue moon, to
> > > make it extra fun to reproduce. Maybe most driver subsystems are less
> > > brittle, but gpu drivers definitely need to know about the details for
> > > exactly this example. And yes gpu drivers use rcu for freeing
> > > dma_fence structures, and that tends to happen in code that we only
> > > recently figured out should really not allocate memory.
> > >
> > > I think minimally you need to throw in an unconditional
> > > fs_reclaim_acquire();fs_reclaim_release(); so that everyone who runs
> > > with full debugging knows what might happen. It's kinda like
> > > might_sleep, but a lot more specific. might_sleep() alone is not
> > > enough, because in the specific code paths I'm thinking of (and
> > > created special lockdep annotations for just recently) sleeping is
> > > allowed, but any memory allocations with GFP_RECLAIM set are no-go.
> >
> > Completely agreed!  Any allocation on any free path must be handled
> > -extremely- carefully.  To that end...
> >
> > First, there is always a fallback in case the allocation fails.  Which
> > might have performance or corner-case robustness issues, but which will
> > at least allow forward progress.  Second, we consulted with a number of
> > MM experts to arrive at appropriate GFP_* flags (and their patience is
> > greatly appreciated).  Third, the paths that can allocate will do so about
> > one time of 500, so any issues should be spotted sooner rather than later.
> >
> > So you are quite right to be concerned, but I believe we will be doing the
> > right things.  And based on his previous track record, I am also quite
> > certain that Mr. Murphy will be on hand to provide me any additional
> > education that I might require.
> >
> > Finally, I have noted down your point about fs_reclaim_acquire() and
> > fs_reclaim_release().  Whether or not they prove to be needed, I do
> > appreciate your calling them to my attention.
> 
> I just realized that since these dma_fence structs are refcounted and
> userspace can hold references (directly, it can pass them around
> behind file descriptors) we might never hit such a path until slightly
> unusual or evil userspace does something interesting. Do you have
> links to those patches? Some googling didn't turn up anything. I can
> then figure out whether it's better to risk not spotting issues with
> call_rcu vs slapping a memalloc_noio_save/restore around all these
> critical section which force-degrades any allocation to GFP_ATOMIC at
> most, but has the risk that we run into code that assumes "GFP_KERNEL
> never fails for small stuff" and has a decidedly less tested fallback
> path than rcu code.

Here is the previous early draft version, which will change considerably
for the next version:

	lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200809204354.20137-1-urezki@gmail.com

This does kvfree_rcu(), but we expect to handle call_rcu() similarly.

The version in preparation will use workqueues to do the allocation in a
known-safe environment and also use lockless access to certain portions
of the allocator caches (as noted earlier, this last is not much loved
by some of the MM guys).  Given Thomas's patch, we could with high
probability allocate directly, perhaps even not needing memory-allocator
modifications.

Either way, kvfree_rcu(), and later call_rcu(), will avoid asking the
allocator to do anything that the calling context prohibits.  So what
types of bugs are you looking for?  Where reclaim calls back into the
driver or some such?

							Thanx, Paul