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Date:   Wed, 23 Sep 2020 09:10:43 -0400
From:   Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
To:     Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@ziepe.ca>
Cc:     John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>, linux-mm@kvack.org,
        linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
        Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>, Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>,
        Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>,
        Kirill Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>,
        Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>,
        Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>,
        Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>,
        Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>,
        Leon Romanovsky <leonro@nvidia.com>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>,
        Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 1/5] mm: Introduce mm_struct.has_pinned
Message-ID: <20200923131043.GA59978@xz-x1>
References: <20200921211744.24758-1-peterx@redhat.com>
 <20200921211744.24758-2-peterx@redhat.com>
 <224908c1-5d0f-8e01-baa9-94ec2374971f@nvidia.com>
 <20200922151736.GD19098@xz-x1>
 <20200922161046.GB731578@ziepe.ca>
 <20200922175415.GI19098@xz-x1>
 <20200922191116.GK8409@ziepe.ca>
 <20200923002735.GN19098@xz-x1>
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In-Reply-To: <20200923002735.GN19098@xz-x1>
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On Tue, Sep 22, 2020 at 08:27:35PM -0400, Peter Xu wrote:
> On Tue, Sep 22, 2020 at 04:11:16PM -0300, Jason Gunthorpe wrote:
> > On Tue, Sep 22, 2020 at 01:54:15PM -0400, Peter Xu wrote:
> > > diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
> > > index 8f3521be80ca..6591f3f33299 100644
> > > +++ b/mm/memory.c
> > > @@ -888,8 +888,8 @@ copy_one_pte(struct mm_struct *dst_mm, struct mm_struct *src_mm,
> > >                  * Because we'll need to release the locks before doing cow,
> > >                  * pass this work to upper layer.
> > >                  */
> > > -               if (READ_ONCE(src_mm->has_pinned) && wp &&
> > > -                   page_maybe_dma_pinned(page)) {
> > > +               if (wp && page_maybe_dma_pinned(page) &&
> > > +                   READ_ONCE(src_mm->has_pinned)) {
> > >                         /* We've got the page already; we're safe */
> > >                         data->cow_old_page = page;
> > >                         data->cow_oldpte = *src_pte;
> > > 
> > > I can also add some more comment to emphasize this.
> > 
> > It is not just that, but the ptep_set_wrprotect() has to be done
> > earlier.
> 
> Now I understand your point, I think..  So I guess it's not only about
> has_pinned, but it should be a race between the fast-gup and the fork() code,
> even if has_pinned is always set.
> 
> > 
> > Otherwise it races like:
> > 
> >    pin_user_pages_fast()                   fork()
> >     atomic_set(has_pinned, 1);
> >     [..]
> >                                            atomic_read(page->_refcount) //false
> >                                            // skipped atomic_read(has_pinned)
> >     atomic_add(page->_refcount)
> >     ordered check write protect()
> >                                            ordered set write protect()
> > 
> > And now have a write protect on a DMA pinned page, which is the
> > invarient we are trying to create.
> > 
> > The best algorithm I've thought of is something like:
> > 
> >  pte_map_lock()
> >   if (page) {
> >       if (wp) {
> > 	  ptep_set_wrprotect()
> > 	  /* Order with try_grab_compound_head(), either we see
> > 	   * page_maybe_dma_pinned(), or they see the wrprotect */
> > 	  get_page();
> 
> Is this get_page() a must to be after ptep_set_wrprotect() explicitly?  IIUC
> what we need is to order ptep_set_wrprotect() and page_maybe_dma_pinned() here.
> E.g., would a "mb()" work?
> 
> Another thing is, do we need similar thing for e.g. gup_pte_range(), so that
> to guarantee ordering of try_grab_compound_head() and the pte change check?
> 
> > 
> > 	  if (page_maybe_dma_pinned() && READ_ONCE(src_mm->has_pinned)) {
> > 	       put_page();
> > 	       ptep_clear_wrprotect()
> > 
> > 	       // do copy
> > 	       return
> > 	  }
> >       } else {
> > 	  get_page();
> >       }
> >       page_dup_rmap()
> >  pte_unmap_lock()
> > 
> > Then the do_wp_page() path would have to detect that the page is not
> > write protected under the pte lock inside the fault handler and just
> > do nothing.
> 
> Yes, iiuc do_wp_page() should be able to handle spurious write page faults like
> this already, as below:
> 
> 	vmf->ptl = pte_lockptr(vmf->vma->vm_mm, vmf->pmd);
> 	spin_lock(vmf->ptl);
>         ...
> 	if (vmf->flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) {
> 		if (!pte_write(entry))
> 			return do_wp_page(vmf);
> 		entry = pte_mkdirty(entry);
> 	}
> 
> So when spin_lock() returns:
> 
>   - When it's a real cow (not pinned pages; we write-protected it and it keeps
>     write-protected), we should do cow here as usual.
> 
>   - When it's a fake cow (pinned pages), the write bit should have been
>     recovered before the page table lock released, and we'll skip do_wp_page()
>     and retry the page fault immediately.
> 
> > Ie the set/clear could be visible to the CPU and trigger a
> > spurious fault, but never trigger a COW.
> > 
> > Thus 'wp' becomes a 'lock' that prevents GUP from returning this page.
> 
> Another question is, how about read fast-gup for pinning?  Because we can't use
> the write-protect mechanism to block a read gup.  I remember we've discussed
> similar things and iirc your point is "pinned pages should always be with
> WRITE".  However now I still doubt it...  Because I feel like read gup is still
> legal (as I mentioned previously - when device purely writes to the page and
> the processor only reads from it).
> 
> > 
> > Very tricky, deserves a huge comment near the ptep_clear_wrprotect()
> > 
> > Consider the above algorithm beside the gup_fast() algorithm:
> > 
> > 		if (!pte_access_permitted(pte, flags & FOLL_WRITE))
> > 			goto pte_unmap;
> >                 [..]
> > 		head = try_grab_compound_head(page, 1, flags);
> > 		if (!head)
> > 			goto pte_unmap;
> > 		if (unlikely(pte_val(pte) != pte_val(*ptep))) {
> > 			put_compound_head(head, 1, flags);
> > 			goto pte_unmap;
> > 
> > That last *ptep will check that the WP is not set after making
> > page_maybe_dma_pinned() true.
> > 
> > It still looks reasonable, the extra work is still just the additional
> > atomic in page_maybe_dma_pinned(), just everything else has to be very
> > carefully sequenced due to unlocked page table accessors.
> 
> Tricky!  I'm still thinking about some easier way but no much clue so far.
> Hopefully we'll figure out something solid soon.

Hmm, how about something like below?  Would this be acceptable?

------8<--------
diff --git a/mm/gup.c b/mm/gup.c
index 2d9019bf1773..698bc2b520ac 100644
--- a/mm/gup.c
+++ b/mm/gup.c
@@ -2136,6 +2136,18 @@ static int gup_pte_range(pmd_t pmd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
        struct dev_pagemap *pgmap = NULL;
        int nr_start = *nr, ret = 0;
        pte_t *ptep, *ptem;
+       spinlock_t *ptl = NULL;
+
+       /*
+        * More strict with FOLL_PIN, otherwise it could race with fork().  The
+        * page table lock guarantees that fork() will capture all the pinned
+        * pages when dup_mm() and do proper page copy on them.
+        */
+       if (flags & FOLL_PIN) {
+               ptl = pte_lockptr(mm, pmd);
+               if (!spin_trylock(ptl))
+                       return 0;
+       }
 
        ptem = ptep = pte_offset_map(&pmd, addr);
        do {
@@ -2200,6 +2212,8 @@ static int gup_pte_range(pmd_t pmd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
        ret = 1;
 
 pte_unmap:
+       if (ptl)
+               spin_unlock(ptl);
        if (pgmap)
                put_dev_pagemap(pgmap);
        pte_unmap(ptem);
------8<--------

Both of the solution would fail some fast-gups that might have succeeded in the
past.  The latter solution might even fail more (because pmd lock should be
definitely bigger than a single pte wrprotect), however afaict it's still a
very, very corner case as it's fast-gup+FOLL_PIN+lockfail (and not to mention
fast-gup should be allowed to fail).

To confirm it can fail, I also checked up that we have only one caller of
pin_user_pages_fast_only(), which is i915_gem_userptr_get_pages().  While it's:

	if (mm == current->mm) {
		pvec = kvmalloc_array(num_pages, sizeof(struct page *),
				      GFP_KERNEL |
				      __GFP_NORETRY |
				      __GFP_NOWARN);
		if (pvec) {
			/* defer to worker if malloc fails */
			if (!i915_gem_object_is_readonly(obj))
				gup_flags |= FOLL_WRITE;
			pinned = pin_user_pages_fast_only(obj->userptr.ptr,
							  num_pages, gup_flags,
							  pvec);
		}
	}

So looks like it can fallback to something slow too even if purely unlucky.  So
looks safe so far for either solution above.

-- 
Peter Xu