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Subject: [PATCH v6 11/11] device-dax: add dis-contiguous resource support
From:   Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
To:     akpm@linux-foundation.org
Cc:     Joao Martins <joao.m.martins@oracle.com>, vishal.l.verma@intel.com,
        dave.hansen@linux.intel.com, linux-mm@kvack.org,
        linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-nvdimm@lists.01.org,
        david@redhat.com, joao.m.martins@oracle.com
Date:   Mon, 05 Oct 2020 23:55:48 -0700
Message-ID: <160196734880.2166475.8401507909671693832.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com>
In-Reply-To: <160196728453.2166475.12832711415715687418.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com>
References: <160196728453.2166475.12832711415715687418.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com>
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Precedence: bulk

Break the requirement that device-dax instances are physically contiguous.
With this constraint removed it allows fragmented available capacity to
be fully allocated.

This capability is useful to mitigate the "noisy neighbor" problem with
memory-side-cache management for virtual machines, or any other scenario
where a platform address boundary also designates a performance boundary.
For example a direct mapped memory side cache might rotate cache colors at
1GB boundaries.  With dis-contiguous allocations a device-dax instance
could be configured to contain only 1 cache color.

It also satisfies Joao's use case (see link) for partitioning memory for
exclusive guest access.  It allows for a future potential mode where the
host kernel need not allocate 'struct page' capacity up-front.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20200110190313.17144-1-joao.m.martins@oracle.com/
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/159643104304.4062302.16561669534797528660.stgit@dwillia2-desk3.amr.corp.intel.com
Reported-by: Joao Martins <joao.m.martins@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
---
 drivers/dax/bus.c              |  233 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 drivers/dax/dax-private.h      |    9 +-
 drivers/dax/device.c           |   55 ++++++---
 drivers/dax/kmem.c             |  141 ++++++++++++++++--------
 tools/testing/nvdimm/dax-dev.c |   20 ++-
 5 files changed, 329 insertions(+), 129 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/dax/bus.c b/drivers/dax/bus.c
index 00fa73a8dfb4..06a789aba58a 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/bus.c
+++ b/drivers/dax/bus.c
@@ -136,15 +136,27 @@ static bool is_static(struct dax_region *dax_region)
 	return (dax_region->res.flags & IORESOURCE_DAX_STATIC) != 0;
 }
 
+static u64 dev_dax_size(struct dev_dax *dev_dax)
+{
+	u64 size = 0;
+	int i;
+
+	device_lock_assert(&dev_dax->dev);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < dev_dax->nr_range; i++)
+		size += range_len(&dev_dax->ranges[i].range);
+
+	return size;
+}
+
 static int dax_bus_probe(struct device *dev)
 {
 	struct dax_device_driver *dax_drv = to_dax_drv(dev->driver);
 	struct dev_dax *dev_dax = to_dev_dax(dev);
 	struct dax_region *dax_region = dev_dax->region;
-	struct range *range = &dev_dax->range;
 	int rc;
 
-	if (range_len(range) == 0 || dev_dax->id < 0)
+	if (dev_dax_size(dev_dax) == 0 || dev_dax->id < 0)
 		return -ENXIO;
 
 	rc = dax_drv->probe(dev_dax);
@@ -354,15 +366,19 @@ void kill_dev_dax(struct dev_dax *dev_dax)
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kill_dev_dax);
 
-static void free_dev_dax_range(struct dev_dax *dev_dax)
+static void free_dev_dax_ranges(struct dev_dax *dev_dax)
 {
 	struct dax_region *dax_region = dev_dax->region;
-	struct range *range = &dev_dax->range;
+	int i;
 
 	device_lock_assert(dax_region->dev);
-	if (range_len(range))
+	for (i = 0; i < dev_dax->nr_range; i++) {
+		struct range *range = &dev_dax->ranges[i].range;
+
 		__release_region(&dax_region->res, range->start,
 				range_len(range));
+	}
+	dev_dax->nr_range = 0;
 }
 
 static void unregister_dev_dax(void *dev)
@@ -372,7 +388,7 @@ static void unregister_dev_dax(void *dev)
 	dev_dbg(dev, "%s\n", __func__);
 
 	kill_dev_dax(dev_dax);
-	free_dev_dax_range(dev_dax);
+	free_dev_dax_ranges(dev_dax);
 	device_del(dev);
 	put_device(dev);
 }
@@ -423,7 +439,7 @@ static ssize_t delete_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
 	device_lock(dev);
 	device_lock(victim);
 	dev_dax = to_dev_dax(victim);
-	if (victim->driver || range_len(&dev_dax->range))
+	if (victim->driver || dev_dax_size(dev_dax))
 		rc = -EBUSY;
 	else {
 		/*
@@ -569,51 +585,86 @@ static int alloc_dev_dax_range(struct dev_dax *dev_dax, u64 start,
 	struct dax_region *dax_region = dev_dax->region;
 	struct resource *res = &dax_region->res;
 	struct device *dev = &dev_dax->dev;
+	struct dev_dax_range *ranges;
+	unsigned long pgoff = 0;
 	struct resource *alloc;
+	int i;
 
 	device_lock_assert(dax_region->dev);
 
 	/* handle the seed alloc special case */
 	if (!size) {
-		dev_dax->range = (struct range) {
-			.start = res->start,
-			.end = res->start - 1,
-		};
+		if (dev_WARN_ONCE(dev, dev_dax->nr_range,
+					"0-size allocation must be first\n"))
+			return -EBUSY;
+		/* nr_range == 0 is elsewhere special cased as 0-size device */
 		return 0;
 	}
 
+	ranges = krealloc(dev_dax->ranges, sizeof(*ranges)
+			* (dev_dax->nr_range + 1), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!ranges)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
 	alloc = __request_region(res, start, size, dev_name(dev), 0);
-	if (!alloc)
+	if (!alloc) {
+		/*
+		 * If this was an empty set of ranges nothing else
+		 * will release @ranges, so do it now.
+		 */
+		if (!dev_dax->nr_range) {
+			kfree(ranges);
+			ranges = NULL;
+		}
+		dev_dax->ranges = ranges;
 		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
 
-	dev_dax->range = (struct range) {
-		.start = alloc->start,
-		.end = alloc->end,
+	for (i = 0; i < dev_dax->nr_range; i++)
+		pgoff += PHYS_PFN(range_len(&ranges[i].range));
+	dev_dax->ranges = ranges;
+	ranges[dev_dax->nr_range++] = (struct dev_dax_range) {
+		.pgoff = pgoff,
+		.range = {
+			.start = alloc->start,
+			.end = alloc->end,
+		},
 	};
 
+	dev_dbg(dev, "alloc range[%d]: %pa:%pa\n", dev_dax->nr_range - 1,
+			&alloc->start, &alloc->end);
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
 static int adjust_dev_dax_range(struct dev_dax *dev_dax, struct resource *res, resource_size_t size)
 {
+	int last_range = dev_dax->nr_range - 1;
+	struct dev_dax_range *dax_range = &dev_dax->ranges[last_range];
 	struct dax_region *dax_region = dev_dax->region;
-	struct range *range = &dev_dax->range;
-	int rc = 0;
+	bool is_shrink = resource_size(res) > size;
+	struct range *range = &dax_range->range;
+	struct device *dev = &dev_dax->dev;
+	int rc;
 
 	device_lock_assert(dax_region->dev);
 
-	if (size)
-		rc = adjust_resource(res, range->start, size);
-	else
-		__release_region(&dax_region->res, range->start, range_len(range));
+	if (dev_WARN_ONCE(dev, !size, "deletion is handled by dev_dax_shrink\n"))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	rc = adjust_resource(res, range->start, size);
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;
 
-	dev_dax->range = (struct range) {
+	*range = (struct range) {
 		.start = range->start,
 		.end = range->start + size - 1,
 	};
 
+	dev_dbg(dev, "%s range[%d]: %#llx:%#llx\n", is_shrink ? "shrink" : "extend",
+			last_range, (unsigned long long) range->start,
+			(unsigned long long) range->end);
+
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -621,7 +672,11 @@ static ssize_t size_show(struct device *dev,
 		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
 {
 	struct dev_dax *dev_dax = to_dev_dax(dev);
-	unsigned long long size = range_len(&dev_dax->range);
+	unsigned long long size;
+
+	device_lock(dev);
+	size = dev_dax_size(dev_dax);
+	device_unlock(dev);
 
 	return sprintf(buf, "%llu\n", size);
 }
@@ -639,32 +694,82 @@ static bool alloc_is_aligned(struct dax_region *dax_region,
 
 static int dev_dax_shrink(struct dev_dax *dev_dax, resource_size_t size)
 {
+	resource_size_t to_shrink = dev_dax_size(dev_dax) - size;
 	struct dax_region *dax_region = dev_dax->region;
-	struct range *range = &dev_dax->range;
-	struct resource *res, *adjust = NULL;
 	struct device *dev = &dev_dax->dev;
-
-	for_each_dax_region_resource(dax_region, res)
-		if (strcmp(res->name, dev_name(dev)) == 0
-				&& res->start == range->start) {
-			adjust = res;
-			break;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = dev_dax->nr_range - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		struct range *range = &dev_dax->ranges[i].range;
+		struct resource *adjust = NULL, *res;
+		resource_size_t shrink;
+
+		shrink = min_t(u64, to_shrink, range_len(range));
+		if (shrink >= range_len(range)) {
+			__release_region(&dax_region->res, range->start,
+					range_len(range));
+			dev_dax->nr_range--;
+			dev_dbg(dev, "delete range[%d]: %#llx:%#llx\n", i,
+					(unsigned long long) range->start,
+					(unsigned long long) range->end);
+			to_shrink -= shrink;
+			if (!to_shrink)
+				break;
+			continue;
 		}
 
-	if (dev_WARN_ONCE(dev, !adjust, "failed to find matching resource\n"))
-		return -ENXIO;
-	return adjust_dev_dax_range(dev_dax, adjust, size);
+		for_each_dax_region_resource(dax_region, res)
+			if (strcmp(res->name, dev_name(dev)) == 0
+					&& res->start == range->start) {
+				adjust = res;
+				break;
+			}
+
+		if (dev_WARN_ONCE(dev, !adjust || i != dev_dax->nr_range - 1,
+					"failed to find matching resource\n"))
+			return -ENXIO;
+		return adjust_dev_dax_range(dev_dax, adjust, range_len(range)
+				- shrink);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Only allow adjustments that preserve the relative pgoff of existing
+ * allocations. I.e. the dev_dax->ranges array is ordered by increasing pgoff.
+ */
+static bool adjust_ok(struct dev_dax *dev_dax, struct resource *res)
+{
+	struct dev_dax_range *last;
+	int i;
+
+	if (dev_dax->nr_range == 0)
+		return false;
+	if (strcmp(res->name, dev_name(&dev_dax->dev)) != 0)
+		return false;
+	last = &dev_dax->ranges[dev_dax->nr_range - 1];
+	if (last->range.start != res->start || last->range.end != res->end)
+		return false;
+	for (i = 0; i < dev_dax->nr_range - 1; i++) {
+		struct dev_dax_range *dax_range = &dev_dax->ranges[i];
+
+		if (dax_range->pgoff > last->pgoff)
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
 }
 
 static ssize_t dev_dax_resize(struct dax_region *dax_region,
 		struct dev_dax *dev_dax, resource_size_t size)
 {
 	resource_size_t avail = dax_region_avail_size(dax_region), to_alloc;
-	resource_size_t dev_size = range_len(&dev_dax->range);
+	resource_size_t dev_size = dev_dax_size(dev_dax);
 	struct resource *region_res = &dax_region->res;
 	struct device *dev = &dev_dax->dev;
-	const char *name = dev_name(dev);
 	struct resource *res, *first;
+	resource_size_t alloc = 0;
+	int rc;
 
 	if (dev->driver)
 		return -EBUSY;
@@ -685,35 +790,47 @@ static ssize_t dev_dax_resize(struct dax_region *dax_region,
 	 * may involve adjusting the end of an existing resource, or
 	 * allocating a new resource.
 	 */
+retry:
 	first = region_res->child;
 	if (!first)
 		return alloc_dev_dax_range(dev_dax, dax_region->res.start, to_alloc);
-	for (res = first; to_alloc && res; res = res->sibling) {
+
+	rc = -ENOSPC;
+	for (res = first; res; res = res->sibling) {
 		struct resource *next = res->sibling;
-		resource_size_t free;
 
 		/* space at the beginning of the region */
-		free = 0;
-		if (res == first && res->start > dax_region->res.start)
-			free = res->start - dax_region->res.start;
-		if (free >= to_alloc && dev_size == 0)
-			return alloc_dev_dax_range(dev_dax, dax_region->res.start, to_alloc);
+		if (res == first && res->start > dax_region->res.start) {
+			alloc = min(res->start - dax_region->res.start, to_alloc);
+			rc = alloc_dev_dax_range(dev_dax, dax_region->res.start, alloc);
+			break;
+		}
 
-		free = 0;
+		alloc = 0;
 		/* space between allocations */
 		if (next && next->start > res->end + 1)
-			free = next->start - res->end + 1;
+			alloc = min(next->start - (res->end + 1), to_alloc);
 
 		/* space at the end of the region */
-		if (free < to_alloc && !next && res->end < region_res->end)
-			free = region_res->end - res->end;
+		if (!alloc && !next && res->end < region_res->end)
+			alloc = min(region_res->end - res->end, to_alloc);
 
-		if (free >= to_alloc && strcmp(name, res->name) == 0)
-			return adjust_dev_dax_range(dev_dax, res, resource_size(res) + to_alloc);
-		else if (free >= to_alloc && dev_size == 0)
-			return alloc_dev_dax_range(dev_dax, res->end + 1, to_alloc);
+		if (!alloc)
+			continue;
+
+		if (adjust_ok(dev_dax, res)) {
+			rc = adjust_dev_dax_range(dev_dax, res, resource_size(res) + alloc);
+			break;
+		}
+		rc = alloc_dev_dax_range(dev_dax, res->end + 1, alloc);
+		break;
 	}
-	return -ENOSPC;
+	if (rc)
+		return rc;
+	to_alloc -= alloc;
+	if (to_alloc)
+		goto retry;
+	return 0;
 }
 
 static ssize_t size_store(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr,
@@ -767,8 +884,15 @@ static ssize_t resource_show(struct device *dev,
 		struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
 {
 	struct dev_dax *dev_dax = to_dev_dax(dev);
+	struct dax_region *dax_region = dev_dax->region;
+	unsigned long long start;
+
+	if (dev_dax->nr_range < 1)
+		start = dax_region->res.start;
+	else
+		start = dev_dax->ranges[0].range.start;
 
-	return sprintf(buf, "%#llx\n", dev_dax->range.start);
+	return sprintf(buf, "%#llx\n", start);
 }
 static DEVICE_ATTR(resource, 0400, resource_show, NULL);
 
@@ -833,6 +957,7 @@ static void dev_dax_release(struct device *dev)
 	put_dax(dax_dev);
 	free_dev_dax_id(dev_dax);
 	dax_region_put(dax_region);
+	kfree(dev_dax->ranges);
 	kfree(dev_dax->pgmap);
 	kfree(dev_dax);
 }
@@ -941,7 +1066,7 @@ struct dev_dax *devm_create_dev_dax(struct dev_dax_data *data)
 err_alloc_dax:
 	kfree(dev_dax->pgmap);
 err_pgmap:
-	free_dev_dax_range(dev_dax);
+	free_dev_dax_ranges(dev_dax);
 err_range:
 	free_dev_dax_id(dev_dax);
 err_id:
diff --git a/drivers/dax/dax-private.h b/drivers/dax/dax-private.h
index 0cbb2ec81ca7..f863287107fd 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/dax-private.h
+++ b/drivers/dax/dax-private.h
@@ -49,7 +49,8 @@ struct dax_region {
  * @id: ida allocated id
  * @dev - device core
  * @pgmap - pgmap for memmap setup / lifetime (driver owned)
- * @range: resource range for the instance
+ * @nr_range: size of @ranges
+ * @ranges: resource-span + pgoff tuples for the instance
  */
 struct dev_dax {
 	struct dax_region *region;
@@ -58,7 +59,11 @@ struct dev_dax {
 	int id;
 	struct device dev;
 	struct dev_pagemap *pgmap;
-	struct range range;
+	int nr_range;
+	struct dev_dax_range {
+		unsigned long pgoff;
+		struct range range;
+	} *ranges;
 };
 
 static inline struct dev_dax *to_dev_dax(struct device *dev)
diff --git a/drivers/dax/device.c b/drivers/dax/device.c
index 5f808617672a..bf389712a20b 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/device.c
+++ b/drivers/dax/device.c
@@ -55,15 +55,22 @@ static int check_vma(struct dev_dax *dev_dax, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
 __weak phys_addr_t dax_pgoff_to_phys(struct dev_dax *dev_dax, pgoff_t pgoff,
 		unsigned long size)
 {
-	struct range *range = &dev_dax->range;
-	phys_addr_t phys;
-
-	phys = pgoff * PAGE_SIZE + range->start;
-	if (phys >= range->start && phys <= range->end) {
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < dev_dax->nr_range; i++) {
+		struct dev_dax_range *dax_range = &dev_dax->ranges[i];
+		struct range *range = &dax_range->range;
+		unsigned long long pgoff_end;
+		phys_addr_t phys;
+
+		pgoff_end = dax_range->pgoff + PHYS_PFN(range_len(range)) - 1;
+		if (pgoff < dax_range->pgoff || pgoff > pgoff_end)
+			continue;
+		phys = PFN_PHYS(pgoff - dax_range->pgoff) + range->start;
 		if (phys + size - 1 <= range->end)
 			return phys;
+		break;
 	}
-
 	return -1;
 }
 
@@ -395,30 +402,40 @@ static void dev_dax_kill(void *dev_dax)
 int dev_dax_probe(struct dev_dax *dev_dax)
 {
 	struct dax_device *dax_dev = dev_dax->dax_dev;
-	struct range *range = &dev_dax->range;
 	struct device *dev = &dev_dax->dev;
 	struct dev_pagemap *pgmap;
 	struct inode *inode;
 	struct cdev *cdev;
 	void *addr;
-	int rc;
-
-	/* 1:1 map region resource range to device-dax instance range */
-	if (!devm_request_mem_region(dev, range->start, range_len(range),
-				dev_name(dev))) {
-		dev_warn(dev, "could not reserve range: %#llx - %#llx\n",
-				range->start, range->end);
-		return -EBUSY;
-	}
+	int rc, i;
 
 	pgmap = dev_dax->pgmap;
+	if (dev_WARN_ONCE(dev, pgmap && dev_dax->nr_range > 1,
+			"static pgmap / multi-range device conflict\n"))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
 	if (!pgmap) {
-		pgmap = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*pgmap), GFP_KERNEL);
+		pgmap = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*pgmap) + sizeof(struct range)
+				* (dev_dax->nr_range - 1), GFP_KERNEL);
 		if (!pgmap)
 			return -ENOMEM;
-		pgmap->range = *range;
-		pgmap->nr_range = 1;
+		pgmap->nr_range = dev_dax->nr_range;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < dev_dax->nr_range; i++) {
+		struct range *range = &dev_dax->ranges[i].range;
+
+		if (!devm_request_mem_region(dev, range->start,
+					range_len(range), dev_name(dev))) {
+			dev_warn(dev, "mapping%d: %#llx-%#llx could not reserve range\n",
+					i, range->start, range->end);
+			return -EBUSY;
+		}
+		/* don't update the range for static pgmap */
+		if (!dev_dax->pgmap)
+			pgmap->ranges[i] = *range;
 	}
+
 	pgmap->type = MEMORY_DEVICE_GENERIC;
 	addr = devm_memremap_pages(dev, pgmap);
 	if (IS_ERR(addr))
diff --git a/drivers/dax/kmem.c b/drivers/dax/kmem.c
index 5fb27fd3eb61..af04b6d1d263 100644
--- a/drivers/dax/kmem.c
+++ b/drivers/dax/kmem.c
@@ -19,28 +19,33 @@ static const char *kmem_name;
 /* Set if any memory will remain added when the driver will be unloaded. */
 static bool any_hotremove_failed;
 
-static struct range dax_kmem_range(struct dev_dax *dev_dax)
+static int dax_kmem_range(struct dev_dax *dev_dax, int i, struct range *r)
 {
-	struct range range;
+	struct dev_dax_range *dax_range = &dev_dax->ranges[i];
+	struct range *range = &dax_range->range;
 
 	/* memory-block align the hotplug range */
-	range.start = ALIGN(dev_dax->range.start, memory_block_size_bytes());
-	range.end = ALIGN_DOWN(dev_dax->range.end + 1, memory_block_size_bytes()) - 1;
-	return range;
+	r->start = ALIGN(range->start, memory_block_size_bytes());
+	r->end = ALIGN_DOWN(range->end + 1, memory_block_size_bytes()) - 1;
+	if (r->start >= r->end) {
+		r->start = range->start;
+		r->end = range->end;
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	}
+	return 0;
 }
 
 struct dax_kmem_data {
 	const char *res_name;
-	struct resource *res;
+	struct resource *res[];
 };
 
 static int dev_dax_kmem_probe(struct dev_dax *dev_dax)
 {
-	struct range range = dax_kmem_range(dev_dax);
 	struct device *dev = &dev_dax->dev;
 	struct dax_kmem_data *data;
-	struct resource *new_res;
 	int rc = -ENOMEM;
+	int i, mapped = 0;
 	int numa_node;
 
 	/*
@@ -56,7 +61,7 @@ static int dev_dax_kmem_probe(struct dev_dax *dev_dax)
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}
 
-	data = kzalloc(sizeof(*data), GFP_KERNEL);
+	data = kzalloc(sizeof(*data) + sizeof(struct resource *) * dev_dax->nr_range, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!data)
 		return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -64,39 +69,65 @@ static int dev_dax_kmem_probe(struct dev_dax *dev_dax)
 	if (!data->res_name)
 		goto err_res_name;
 
-	/* Region is permanently reserved if hotremove fails. */
-	new_res = request_mem_region(range.start, range_len(&range), data->res_name);
-	if (!new_res) {
-		dev_warn(dev, "could not reserve region [%#llx-%#llx]\n", range.start, range.end);
-		rc = -EBUSY;
-		goto err_request_mem;
+	for (i = 0; i < dev_dax->nr_range; i++) {
+		struct resource *res;
+		struct range range;
+
+		rc = dax_kmem_range(dev_dax, i, &range);
+		if (rc) {
+			dev_info(dev, "mapping%d: %#llx-%#llx too small after alignment\n",
+					i, range.start, range.end);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Region is permanently reserved if hotremove fails. */
+		res = request_mem_region(range.start, range_len(&range), data->res_name);
+		if (!res) {
+			dev_warn(dev, "mapping%d: %#llx-%#llx could not reserve region\n",
+					i, range.start, range.end);
+			/*
+			 * Once some memory has been onlined we can't
+			 * assume that it can be un-onlined safely.
+			 */
+			if (mapped)
+				continue;
+			rc = -EBUSY;
+			goto err_request_mem;
+		}
+		data->res[i] = res;
+
+		/*
+		 * Set flags appropriate for System RAM.  Leave ..._BUSY clear
+		 * so that add_memory() can add a child resource.  Do not
+		 * inherit flags from the parent since it may set new flags
+		 * unknown to us that will break add_memory() below.
+		 */
+		res->flags = IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM;
+
+		/*
+		 * Ensure that future kexec'd kernels will not treat
+		 * this as RAM automatically.
+		 */
+		rc = add_memory_driver_managed(numa_node, range.start,
+				range_len(&range), kmem_name);
+
+		if (rc) {
+			dev_warn(dev, "mapping%d: %#llx-%#llx memory add failed\n",
+					i, range.start, range.end);
+			release_resource(res);
+			kfree(res);
+			data->res[i] = NULL;
+			if (mapped)
+				continue;
+			goto err_request_mem;
+		}
+		mapped++;
 	}
-	data->res = new_res;
-
-	/*
-	 * Set flags appropriate for System RAM.  Leave ..._BUSY clear
-	 * so that add_memory() can add a child resource.  Do not
-	 * inherit flags from the parent since it may set new flags
-	 * unknown to us that will break add_memory() below.
-	 */
-	new_res->flags = IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM;
-
-	/*
-	 * Ensure that future kexec'd kernels will not treat this as RAM
-	 * automatically.
-	 */
-	rc = add_memory_driver_managed(numa_node, new_res->start,
-				       resource_size(new_res), kmem_name);
-	if (rc)
-		goto err_add_memory;
 
 	dev_set_drvdata(dev, data);
 
 	return 0;
 
-err_add_memory:
-	release_resource(data->res);
-	kfree(data->res);
 err_request_mem:
 	kfree(data->res_name);
 err_res_name:
@@ -107,9 +138,8 @@ static int dev_dax_kmem_probe(struct dev_dax *dev_dax)
 #ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTREMOVE
 static int dev_dax_kmem_remove(struct dev_dax *dev_dax)
 {
-	int rc;
+	int i, success = 0;
 	struct device *dev = &dev_dax->dev;
-	struct range range = dax_kmem_range(dev_dax);
 	struct dax_kmem_data *data = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
 
 	/*
@@ -118,19 +148,34 @@ static int dev_dax_kmem_remove(struct dev_dax *dev_dax)
 	 * there is no way to hotremove this memory until reboot because device
 	 * unbind will succeed even if we return failure.
 	 */
-	rc = remove_memory(dev_dax->target_node, range.start, range_len(&range));
-	if (rc) {
+	for (i = 0; i < dev_dax->nr_range; i++) {
+		struct range range;
+		int rc;
+
+		rc = dax_kmem_range(dev_dax, i, &range);
+		if (rc)
+			continue;
+
+		rc = remove_memory(dev_dax->target_node, range.start,
+				range_len(&range));
+		if (rc == 0) {
+			release_resource(data->res[i]);
+			kfree(data->res[i]);
+			data->res[i] = NULL;
+			success++;
+			continue;
+		}
 		any_hotremove_failed = true;
-		dev_err(dev, "%#llx-%#llx cannot be hotremoved until the next reboot\n",
-				range.start, range.end);
-		return rc;
+		dev_err(dev,
+			"mapping%d: %#llx-%#llx cannot be hotremoved until the next reboot\n",
+				i, range.start, range.end);
 	}
 
-	/* Release and free dax resources */
-	release_resource(data->res);
-	kfree(data->res);
-	kfree(data->res_name);
-	kfree(data);
+	if (success >= dev_dax->nr_range) {
+		kfree(data->res_name);
+		kfree(data);
+		dev_set_drvdata(dev, NULL);
+	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/tools/testing/nvdimm/dax-dev.c b/tools/testing/nvdimm/dax-dev.c
index 38d8e55c4a0d..fb342a8c98d3 100644
--- a/tools/testing/nvdimm/dax-dev.c
+++ b/tools/testing/nvdimm/dax-dev.c
@@ -9,11 +9,18 @@
 phys_addr_t dax_pgoff_to_phys(struct dev_dax *dev_dax, pgoff_t pgoff,
 		unsigned long size)
 {
-	struct range *range = &dev_dax->range;
-	phys_addr_t addr;
+	int i;
 
-	addr = pgoff * PAGE_SIZE + range->start;
-	if (addr >= range->start && addr <= range->end) {
+	for (i = 0; i < dev_dax->nr_range; i++) {
+		struct dev_dax_range *dax_range = &dev_dax->ranges[i];
+		struct range *range = &dax_range->range;
+		unsigned long long pgoff_end;
+		phys_addr_t addr;
+
+		pgoff_end = dax_range->pgoff + PHYS_PFN(range_len(range)) - 1;
+		if (pgoff < dax_range->pgoff || pgoff > pgoff_end)
+			continue;
+		addr = PFN_PHYS(pgoff - dax_range->pgoff) + range->start;
 		if (addr + size - 1 <= range->end) {
 			if (get_nfit_res(addr)) {
 				struct page *page;
@@ -23,9 +30,10 @@ phys_addr_t dax_pgoff_to_phys(struct dev_dax *dev_dax, pgoff_t pgoff,
 
 				page = vmalloc_to_page((void *)addr);
 				return PFN_PHYS(page_to_pfn(page));
-			} else
-				return addr;
+			}
+			return addr;
 		}
+		break;
 	}
 	return -1;
 }