Return-Path: Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org via listexpand id S1422747AbWHYTSo (ORCPT ); Fri, 25 Aug 2006 15:18:44 -0400 Received: (majordomo@vger.kernel.org) by vger.kernel.org id S1422754AbWHYTSo (ORCPT ); Fri, 25 Aug 2006 15:18:44 -0400 Received: from e32.co.us.ibm.com ([32.97.110.150]:11469 "EHLO e32.co.us.ibm.com") by vger.kernel.org with ESMTP id S1422747AbWHYTSn (ORCPT ); Fri, 25 Aug 2006 15:18:43 -0400 Date: Fri, 25 Aug 2006 14:18:37 -0500 From: Michael Halcrow To: Andrew Morton Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, tchicks@us.ibm.com, tshighla@us.ibm.com Subject: Re: [PATCH 1/4] eCryptfs: Netlink functions for public key Message-ID: <20060825191837.GA3122@us.ibm.com> Reply-To: Michael Halcrow References: <20060824181722.GA17658@us.ibm.com> <20060824181831.GB17658@us.ibm.com> <20060824205419.c3894612.akpm@osdl.org> Mime-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii Content-Disposition: inline In-Reply-To: <20060824205419.c3894612.akpm@osdl.org> User-Agent: Mutt/1.5.9i Sender: linux-kernel-owner@vger.kernel.org X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org Content-Length: 11427 Lines: 249 On Thu, Aug 24, 2006 at 08:54:19PM -0700, Andrew Morton wrote: > On Thu, 24 Aug 2006 13:18:32 -0500 > Michael Halcrow wrote: > > eCryptfs netlink type, header updates, and messaging code to > > provide support for userspace callout to perform public key > > operations. > > That tells us (with maximum terseness) what it does. We're left to > our own devices to work out why it does this, how it does it and why > it does it in the way in which it does it? This leads to dumb > questions ;) There is a design document in the works; it's in the ecryptfs-util userspace tarball, under doc/design_doc/. It still needs some fleshing out to encompass userspace components. I'll go ahead and summarize the design for this patch set. Each inode has a unique File Encryption Key (FEK). Under passphrase, a File Encryption Key Encryption Key (FEKEK) is generated from a salt/passphrase combo on mount. This FEKEK encrypts each FEK and writes it into the header of each file using the packet format specified in RFC 2440. This is all symmetric key encryption, so it can all be done via the kernel crypto API. These new patches introduce public key encryption of the FEK. There is no asymmetric key encryption support in the kernel crypto API, so eCryptfs pushes the FEK encryption and decryption out to a userspace daemon. After considering our requirements and determining the complexity of using various transport mechanisms, we settled on netlink for this communication. eCryptfs stores authentication tokens into the kernel keyring. These tokens correlate with individual keys. For passphrase mode of operation, the authentication token contains the symmetric FEKEK. For public key, the authentication token contains a PKI type and an opaque data blob managed by individual PKI modules in userspace. Each user who opens a file under an eCryptfs partition mounted in public key mode must be running a daemon. That daemon has the user's credentials and has access to all of the keys to which the user should have access. The daemon, when started, initializes the pluggable PKI modules available on the system and registers itself with the eCryptfs kernel module. Userspace utilities register public key authentication tokens into the user session keyring. These authentication tokens correlate key signatures with PKI modules and PKI blobs. The PKI blobs contain PKI-specific information necessary for the PKI module to carry out asymmetric key encryption and decryption. When the eCryptfs module parses the header of an existing file and finds a Tag 1 (Public Key) packet (see RFC 2440), it reads in the public key identifier (signature). The asymmetrically encrypted FEK is in the Tag 1 packet; eCryptfs puts together a decrypt request packet containing the signature and the encrypted FEK, then it passes it to the daemon registered for the current->euid via a netlink unicast to the PID of the daemon, which was registered at the time the daemon was started by the user. The daemon actually just makes calls to libecryptfs, which implements request packet parsing and manages PKI modules. libecryptfs grabs the public key authentication token for the given signature from the user session keyring. This auth tok tells libecryptfs which PKI module should receive the request. libecryptfs then makes a decrypt() call to the PKI module, and it passes along the PKI block from the auth tok. The PKI uses the blob to figure out how it should decrypt the data passed to it; it performs the decryption and passes the decrypted data back to libecryptfs. libecryptfs then puts together a reply packet with the decrypted FEK and passes that back to the eCryptfs module. The eCryptfs module manages these request callouts to userspace code via message context structs. The module maintains an array of message context structs and places the elements of the array on two lists: a free and an allocated list. When eCryptfs wants to make a request, it moves a msg ctx from the free list to the allocated list, sets its state to pending, and fires off the message to the user's registered daemon. When eCryptfs receives a netlink message (via the callback), it correlates the msg ctx struct in the alloc list with the data in the message itself. The msg->index contains the offset of the array of msg ctx structs. It verifies that the registered daemon PID is the same as the PID of the process that sent the message. It also validates a sequence number between the received packet and the msg ctx. Then, it copies the contents of the message (the reply packet) into the msg ctx struct, sets the state in the msg ctx to done, and wakes up the process that was sleeping while waiting for the reply. The sleeping process was whatever was performing the sys_open(). This process originally called ecryptfs_send_message(); it is now in ecryptfs_wait_for_response(). When it wakes up and sees that the msg ctx state was set to done, it returns a pointer to the message contents (the reply packet) and returns. If all went well, this packet contains the decrypted FEK, which is then copied into the crypt_stat struct, and life continues as normal. The case for creation of a new file is very similar, only instead of a decrypt request, eCryptfs sends out an encrypt request. > - We have a great clod of key mangement code in-kernel. Why is that > not suitable (or growable) for public key management? eCryptfs uses Howells' keyring to store persistent key data and PKI state information. It defers public key cryptographic transformations to userspace code. The userspace data manipulation request really is orthogonal to key management in and of itself. What eCryptfs basically needs is a secure way to communicate with a particular daemon for a particular task doing a syscall, based on the UID. Nothing running under another UID should be able to access that channel of communication. > - Is it appropriate that new infrastructure for public key > management be private to a particular fs? The messaging.c file contains a lot of code that, perhaps, could be extracted into a separate kernel service. In essence, this would be a sort of request/reply mechanism that would involve a userspace daemon. I am not aware of anything that does quite what eCryptfs does, so I was not aware of any existing tools to do just what we wanted. > - I see code in there in which the kernel "knows" about specific > userspace processes. By uid and pid. What's all that doing and why is > it done that way? I hope the explanation I give above is sufficient. > What happens if one of these daemons exits without sending a quit > message? There is a stale uid<->pid association in the hash table for that user. When the user registers a new daemon, eCryptfs cleans up the old association and generates a new one. See ecryptfs_process_helo(). > - It uses netlink to transport keys. What are the security implications > of this? (Can they be sniffed, for example?) On further reflection, I think the code we sent is vulnerable to one particular attack in the event that a daemon dies without sending a QUIT message (an unlikely scenario, but still possible): 1) Bob registers his daemon; eCryptfs correlates the NETLINK_CREDS(skb)->uid with NETLINK_CREDS(skb)->pid, 2) Alice determines the PID for Bob's daemon (BOB-PID), 3) Bob's daemon dies without sending a QUIT, 4) Alice runs a rogue daemon over and over again until the rogue daemon's PID matches BOB-PID, 5) Bob creates a new file, 6) The module sends the newly generated FEK to the rogue daemon, 7) The rogue daemon obliges the encrypt request and stores off the FEK for Bob's new file, 8) The reply comes through and the module only checks the NETLINK_CREDS(skb)->pid; the module thinks that everything is well and moves forward. I think the solution to this is, quite simply, to check the uid as well as the pid from the netlink credentials. The rogue daemon will still get the FEK, but that FEK will never be used because the file create attempt will fail. The included patch makes this correction. > - _why_ does it use netlink? Netlink provides the transport mechanism that would minimize the complexity of the implementation, given that we can have multiple daemons (one per user). I explored the possibility of using relayfs, but that would involve having to introduce control channels and a protocol for creating and tearing down channels for the daemons. We do not have to worry about any of that with netlink. --- Check the uid as well as the pid to authenticate a message from userspace. Signed-off-by: Michael Halcrow --- fs/ecryptfs/ecryptfs_kernel.h | 3 ++- fs/ecryptfs/messaging.c | 10 +++++++++- fs/ecryptfs/netlink.c | 4 ++-- 3 files changed, 13 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) 52cb76eae1dd6c8fe66ff02d4cfaba5714b20074 diff --git a/fs/ecryptfs/ecryptfs_kernel.h b/fs/ecryptfs/ecryptfs_kernel.h index fcf6d8b..c61ef97 100644 --- a/fs/ecryptfs/ecryptfs_kernel.h +++ b/fs/ecryptfs/ecryptfs_kernel.h @@ -547,7 +547,8 @@ ecryptfs_process_cipher(struct crypto_tf int ecryptfs_process_helo(unsigned int transport, uid_t uid, pid_t pid); int ecryptfs_process_quit(uid_t uid, pid_t pid); -int ecryptfs_process_response(struct ecryptfs_message *msg, pid_t pid, u32 seq); +int ecryptfs_process_response(struct ecryptfs_message *msg, uid_t uid, + pid_t pid, u32 seq); int ecryptfs_send_message(unsigned int transport, char *data, int data_len, struct ecryptfs_msg_ctx **msg_ctx); int ecryptfs_wait_for_response(struct ecryptfs_msg_ctx *msg_ctx, diff --git a/fs/ecryptfs/messaging.c b/fs/ecryptfs/messaging.c index bc6aaab..2242d76 100644 --- a/fs/ecryptfs/messaging.c +++ b/fs/ecryptfs/messaging.c @@ -242,7 +242,8 @@ unlock: * userspace. Returns zero upon delivery to desired context element; * non-zero upon delivery failure or error. */ -int ecryptfs_process_response(struct ecryptfs_message *msg, pid_t pid, u32 seq) +int ecryptfs_process_response(struct ecryptfs_message *msg, uid_t uid, + pid_t pid, u32 seq) { struct ecryptfs_daemon_id *id; struct ecryptfs_msg_ctx *msg_ctx; @@ -267,6 +268,13 @@ int ecryptfs_process_response(struct ecr msg_ctx->task->euid, pid); goto wake_up; } + if (msg_ctx->task->euid != uid) { + rc = -EBADMSG; + ecryptfs_printk(KERN_WARNING, "Received message from user " + "[%d]; expected message from user [%d]\n", + uid, msg_ctx->task->euid); + goto unlock; + } if (id->pid != pid) { rc = -EBADMSG; ecryptfs_printk(KERN_ERR, "User [%d] received a " diff --git a/fs/ecryptfs/netlink.c b/fs/ecryptfs/netlink.c index aba061d..e3aa225 100644 --- a/fs/ecryptfs/netlink.c +++ b/fs/ecryptfs/netlink.c @@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ static int ecryptfs_process_nl_response( "incorrectly specified data length\n"); goto out; } - rc = ecryptfs_process_response(msg, NETLINK_CREDS(skb)->pid, - nlh->nlmsg_seq); + rc = ecryptfs_process_response(msg, NETLINK_CREDS(skb)->uid, + NETLINK_CREDS(skb)->pid, nlh->nlmsg_seq); if (rc) printk(KERN_ERR "Error processing response message; rc = [%d]\n", rc); -- 1.3.3 - To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Please read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/