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Subject: Re: [PATCH 11/12] tools: sync lib/find_bit implementation
To:     Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>,
        Rikard Falkeborn <rikard.falkeborn@gmail.com>
Cc:     Tetsuo Handa <penguin-kernel@i-love.sakura.ne.jp>,
        Andy Shevchenko <andy.shevchenko@gmail.com>,
        Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com>,
        Linux Kernel Mailing List <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
        linux-m68k <linux-m68k@lists.linux-m68k.org>,
        Linux-Arch <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>,
        Linux-SH <linux-sh@vger.kernel.org>,
        Alexey Klimov <aklimov@redhat.com>,
        David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>,
        Dennis Zhou <dennis@kernel.org>,
        Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>,
        Jianpeng Ma <jianpeng.ma@intel.com>,
        Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>,
        John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de>,
        Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>,
        Rich Felker <dalias@libc.org>,
        Stefano Brivio <sbrivio@redhat.com>,
        Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com>,
        Wolfram Sang <wsa+renesas@sang-engineering.com>,
        Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp>
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From:   Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Message-ID: <030ae370-967c-22d4-56f8-cb0435be7540@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Date:   Wed, 12 May 2021 10:15:37 +0200
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On 12/05/2021 09.48, Arnd Bergmann wrote:
> On Tue, May 11, 2021 at 10:39 PM Rikard Falkeborn
> <rikard.falkeborn@gmail.com> wrote:
>> On Tue, May 11, 2021 at 08:53:53PM +0900, Tetsuo Handa wrote:
> 
>>> #define GENMASK_INPUT_CHECK(h, l) \
>>>      (BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO(__builtin_choose_expr( \
>>>           __builtin_constant_p((l) > (h)), (l) > (h), 0)))
>>>
>>> __GENMASK() does not need "h" and "l" being a constant.
>>>
>>> Yes, small_const_nbits(size) in find_next_bit() can guarantee that "size" is a
>>> constant and hence "h" argument in GENMASK_INPUT_CHECK() call is also a constant.
>>> But nothing can guarantee that "offset" is a constant, and hence nothing can
>>> guarantee that "l" argument in GENMASK_INPUT_CHECK() call is also a constant.
>>>
>>> Then, how can (l) > (h) in __builtin_constant_p((l) > (h)) be evaluated at build time
>>> if either l or h (i.e. "offset" and "size - 1" in find_next_bit()) lacks a guarantee of
>>> being a constant?
>>>
>>
>> So the idea is that if (l > h) is constant, __builtin_constant_p should
>> evaluate that, and if it is not it should use zero instead as input to
>> __builtin_chose_expr(). This works with non-const inputs in many other
>> places in the kernel, but apparently in this case with a certain
>> compiler, it doesn't so I guess we need to work around it.
> 
> I have a vague memory that __builtin_constant_p() inside of
> __builtin_choose_expr()
> always evaluates to false because of the order in which the compiler processes
> those: If constant-folding only happens after __builtin_choose_expr(), then
> __builtin_constant_p() has to be false.

It's more complicated than that. __builtin_constant_p on something which
is a bona-fide Integer Constant Expression (ICE) gets folded early to a
1. And then it turns out that such a __builtin_constant_p() that folds
early to a 1 can be "stronger" than a literal 1, in the sense that when
used as the controlling expression of a ?: with nonsense in the false
branch, the former is OK but the latter fails:

https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/c68a0f46-346c-70a0-a9b8-31747888f05f@rasmusvillemoes.dk/

Now what happens when the argument to __builtin_constant_p is not an ICE
is a lot more complicated. The argument _may_ be so obviously
non-constant that it can be folded early to a 0, hence still be suitable
as first argument to __b_c_e. But it is also possible that the compiler
leaves it unevaluated, in the "hope" that a later optimization stage
could prove the argument constant. And that's the case where __b_c_e
will then break, because that can't be left unevaluated for very long -
the very _type_ of the result depends on which branch is chosen.

tl;dr: there's no "order in which the compiler processes those", __b_c_p
can get evaluated (folded) early, before __b_c_e inspects it, or be left
for later stages.

Rasmus