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Subject: Re: [PATCH 2/6] mm/page_alloc: Disassociate the pcp->high from
 pcp->batch
To:     Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>,
        Linux-MM <linux-mm@kvack.org>
Cc:     Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
        Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>,
        Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
References: <20210521102826.28552-1-mgorman@techsingularity.net>
 <20210521102826.28552-3-mgorman@techsingularity.net>
From:   Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
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Message-ID: <83ddf311-cdfb-34cf-d08f-70590420beff@intel.com>
Date:   Fri, 21 May 2021 14:52:39 -0700
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In-Reply-To: <20210521102826.28552-3-mgorman@techsingularity.net>
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On 5/21/21 3:28 AM, Mel Gorman wrote:
> Note that in this patch the pcp->high values are adjusted after memory
> hotplug events, min_free_kbytes adjustments and watermark scale factor
> adjustments but not CPU hotplug events.

Not that it was a long wait to figure it out, but I'd probably say:

	"CPU hotplug events are handled later in the series".

instead of just saying they're not handled.

> Before grep -E "high:|batch" /proc/zoneinfo | tail -2
>               high:  378
>               batch: 63
> 
> After grep -E "high:|batch" /proc/zoneinfo | tail -2
>               high:  649
>               batch: 63

You noted the relationship between pcp->high and zone lock contention.
Larger ->high values mean less contention.  It's probably also worth
noting the trend of having more logical CPUs per NUMA node.

I have the feeling when this was put in place it wasn't uncommon to have
somewhere between 1 and 8 CPUs in a node pounding on a zone.

Today, having ~60 is common.  I've occasionally resorted to recommending
that folks enable hardware features like Sub-NUMA-Clustering [1] since
it increases the number of zones and decreases the number of CPUs
pounding on each zone lock.

1.
https://software.intel.com/content/www/us/en/develop/articles/intel-xeon-processor-scalable-family-technical-overview.html

> diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
> index a48f305f0381..bf5cdc466e6c 100644
> --- a/mm/page_alloc.c
> +++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
> @@ -2163,14 +2163,6 @@ void __init page_alloc_init_late(void)
>  	/* Block until all are initialised */
>  	wait_for_completion(&pgdat_init_all_done_comp);
>  
> -	/*
> -	 * The number of managed pages has changed due to the initialisation
> -	 * so the pcpu batch and high limits needs to be updated or the limits
> -	 * will be artificially small.
> -	 */
> -	for_each_populated_zone(zone)
> -		zone_pcp_update(zone);
> -
>  	/*
>  	 * We initialized the rest of the deferred pages.  Permanently disable
>  	 * on-demand struct page initialization.
> @@ -6594,13 +6586,12 @@ static int zone_batchsize(struct zone *zone)
>  	int batch;
>  
>  	/*
> -	 * The per-cpu-pages pools are set to around 1000th of the
> -	 * size of the zone.
> +	 * The number of pages to batch allocate is either 0.1%

Probably worth making that "~0.1%" just in case someone goes looking for
the /1000 and can't find it.

> +	 * of the zone or 1MB, whichever is smaller. The batch
> +	 * size is striking a balance between allocation latency
> +	 * and zone lock contention.
>  	 */
> -	batch = zone_managed_pages(zone) / 1024;
> -	/* But no more than a meg. */
> -	if (batch * PAGE_SIZE > 1024 * 1024)
> -		batch = (1024 * 1024) / PAGE_SIZE;
> +	batch = min(zone_managed_pages(zone) >> 10, (1024 * 1024) / PAGE_SIZE);
>  	batch /= 4;		/* We effectively *= 4 below */
>  	if (batch < 1)
>  		batch = 1;
> @@ -6637,6 +6628,27 @@ static int zone_batchsize(struct zone *zone)
>  #endif
>  }
>  
> +static int zone_highsize(struct zone *zone)
> +{
> +#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
> +	int high;
> +	int nr_local_cpus;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * The high value of the pcp is based on the zone low watermark
> +	 * when reclaim is potentially active spread across the online
> +	 * CPUs local to a zone. Note that early in boot that CPUs may
> +	 * not be online yet.
> +	 */

FWIW, I like the way the changelog talked about this a bit better, with
the goal of avoiding background reclaim even in the face of a bunch of
full pcp's.

> +	nr_local_cpus = max(1U, cpumask_weight(cpumask_of_node(zone_to_nid(zone))));
> +	high = low_wmark_pages(zone) / nr_local_cpus;

I'm a little concerned that this might get out of hand on really big
nodes with no CPUs.  For persistent memory (which we *do* toss into the
page allocator for volatile use), we can have multi-terabyte zones with
no CPUs in the node.

Also, while the CPUs which are on the node are the ones *most* likely to
be hitting the ->high limit, we do *keep* a pcp for each possible CPU.
So, the amount of memory which can actually be sequestered is
num_online_cpus()*high.  Right?

*That* might really get out of hand if we have nr_local_cpus=1.

We might want some overall cap on 'high', or even to scale it
differently for the zone-local cpus' pcps versus remote.