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From:   Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Subject: Re: What is inside GPON SFP module?
Message-ID: <989d0e8c-b9d4-0362-5aef-0d8dafd5d7f1@hauke-m.de>
Date:   Sat, 5 Jun 2021 16:17:14 +0200
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From: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
To: =?UTF-8?Q?Pali_Roh=c3=a1r?= <pali@kernel.org>
Cc: Vladimir Oltean <olteanv@gmail.com>,
 "Russell King (Oracle)" <linux@armlinux.org.uk>,
 Madalin Bucur <madalin.bucur@nxp.com>, Andrew Lunn <andrew@lunn.ch>,
 Igal Liberman <Igal.Liberman@freescale.com>,
 Shruti Kanetkar <Shruti@freescale.com>,
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Message-ID: <989d0e8c-b9d4-0362-5aef-0d8dafd5d7f1@hauke-m.de>
Subject: Re: What is inside GPON SFP module?
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On 6/5/21 3:31 PM, Pali Roh=C3=A1r wrote:
> On Saturday 05 June 2021 15:04:55 Hauke Mehrtens wrote:
>> On 6/5/21 2:50 PM, Pali Roh=C3=A1r wrote:
>>> On Saturday 05 June 2021 15:26:39 Vladimir Oltean wrote:
>>>> On Sat, Jun 05, 2021 at 01:33:07AM +0100, Russell King (Oracle) wrot=
e:
>>>>> It started out as described - literally, 1000base-X multiplied by 2=
=2E5x.
>>>>> There are setups where that is known to work - namely GPON SFPs tha=
t
>>>>> support 2500base-X. What that means is that we know the GPON SFP
>>>>> module negotiates in-band AN with 2500base-X. However, we don't kno=
w
>>>>> whether the module will work if we disable in-band AN.
>>>>
>>>> Pardon my ignorance, but what is inside a GPON ONT module? Just a la=
ser
>>>> and some amplifiers? So it would still be the MAC PCS negotiating fl=
ow
>>>> control with the remote link partner? That's a different use case
>>>> from
>> a
>>>> PHY transmitting the negotiated link modes to the MAC.
>>>
>>> Hello Vladimir! All GPON ONU/ONT SFP modules which I have tested, are=

>>> fully featured mini computers. It is some SoC with powerful CPU, fibe=
r
>>> part, at least two NICs and then two phys, one for fiber part and one=

>>> for "SFP"-part (in most cases 1000base-x or 2500base-x). On SoC insid=
e
>>> is running fully featured operating system, in most cases Linux kerne=
l
>>> 2.6.3x and tons of userspace applications which implements "applicati=
on"
>>> layer of GPON protocol -- the most important part. If OEM vendor of G=
PON
>>> SFP stick did not locked it, you can connect to this "computer" via
>>> telnet or web browser and configure some settings, including GPON stu=
ff
>>> and also how GPON network is connected to SFP part -- e.g. it can be
>>> fully featured IPv4 router with NAT or just plain bridge mode where
>>> "ethernet data packets" (those which are not part of ISP configuratio=
n
>>> protocol) are pass-throw to SFP phy 1000base-x to host CPU. GPON is n=
ot
>>> ethernet, it is some incompatible and heavily layered extension on AT=
M.
>>> Originally I thought that ATM is long ago dead (as I saw it in used l=
ast
>>> time in ADSL2) but it is still alive and cause issues... I think it d=
oes
>>> not use 8b/10b encoding and therefore cannot be directly mapped to
>>> 1000base-x. Also GPON uses different wavelengths for inbound and
>>> outbound traffic. And to make it even more complicated it uses totall=
y
>>> nonstandard asynchronous speeds, inbound is 2488.32Mbit/s, outbound i=
s
>>> 1244.16Mbit/s. So I guess CPU/SoC with GPON support (something which =
is
>>> inside that GPON ONU/ONT stick) must use totally different modes for
>>> which we do not have any option in DTS yet.
>>>
>>> So once mainline kernel will support these "computers" with GPON supp=
ort
>>> it would be required to define new kind of phy modes... But I do not
>>> think it happens and all OEM vendors are using 2.6.3x kernels their
>>> userspace GPON implementation is closed has tons of secrets.
>>>
>>
>> Hi,
>>
>> This description of the GPON SFP sticks is correct, but it misses some=20
of
>> the complexity. ;-) GPON is also a shared medium like DOCSIS, you can =
not
>> always send, but you have to wait till you get your time slice over PL=
OAM.
>=20
> Hello!
>=20
> I think same applies also for 1000BASE-PX or 10GBASE-PR GEPON passive
> ethernet networks (Beware GPON !=3D GEPON).

There is one family standardized by the ITU (GPON, XGPON, XGSPON,=20
NGPON2) and an other family standardized by the IEEE (EPON, GEPON). They =

solve more or less the same problem, just in a different way.

> But I think this is not an issue. There are also other "shared medium"
> technologies (e.g. mobile network; or WiFi on DFS channels) for which
> exists hardware supported by mainline kernel (3G/LTE modems).

Yes, then you just need a MAC which can handle it. It is more complex=20
than a normal Ethernet MAC.

>> In addition the GPON SFP stick also have to talk the OMCI protocol whi=
ch
>> allows to operator to configure all sorts of layer 2 things. They can =
also
>> login to your SFP stick. ;-)
>=20
> Yes, I just described it as "application" layer. It is complicated and
> basically something which is not suppose to be implemented in kernel.
> Plus GPON vendors extends (standardized) OMCI protocol with their own
> extension which means that without their implementation on client side
> it is impossible to fully establish connection to "server" OLT part.

You can use one software stack without (many) vendor OLT specific=20
workarounds which works with multiple of the big OLT vendors. The OMCI=20
protocol definition is also publicly available and there are no vendor=20
extensions needed for normal operations nowadays. The specification=20
leaves room for interpretation in some parts and some OMCI ONU stacks=20
are "optimized" for a specific OLT vendor.

>> There are also some passive GPON SFP sticks which just translate betwe=
en
>> electrical and optical signals, but to operate them you need a GPON MA=
C and
>> managed layer on your host.
>=20
> Interesting... Do you know where to buy or test such passive GPON SFP s=
ticks?

Most of the 10=E2=82=AC GPON OLT sticks are such passive sticks, but the =

wavelengths are in the wrong order.

I do not know where exactly to buy them, but there are multiple vendors=20
building such sticks. To operate them on a GPON fiber you still need the =

GPON MAC.

> And is there some documentation how these sticks works? And what kind o=
f
> phy mode they are using over SerDes? Because due to different inbound
> and outbound speeds it cannot be neither 1000base-x nor 2500base-x.

I do not know.

>> Adding GPON support properly into Linux is not an easy task, Linux wou=
ld
>> probably need a subsystem with a complexity compared to cfg80211 + hos=
tapd.
>=20
> Yea... But maybe it could be easier to implement just "client part"
> (ONU/ONT) without "server part" (OLT).

Yes, the ONU and OLT part are pretty different on the Management layer=20
anyway.

>> Is there a list of things these GPON sticks running Linux should do be=
tter
>> in the future? For example what to avoid in the EEPROM emulation handl=
ing?
>=20
> Well... If you think that it is possible to address these issues
> directly to GPON vendors and they will fix them in next version of GPON=

> SFP sticks, I could try to find some time and prepare list of lot of
> issues...

I can not promise that, but I can try.
There are some constrains like the EEPROM is only available after the=20
Linux booted up, so it takes some time after it got power.

Hauke

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