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Date:   Sun, 6 Jun 2021 12:47:31 +0800
From:   Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
To:     John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc:     Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>,
        Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>,
        kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com>,
        Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>, Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>,
        Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>,
        "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar@linux.ibm.com>,
        Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>,
        Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>, Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>,
        Kirill Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name>,
        Kirill Tkhai <ktkhai@virtuozzo.com>,
        Leon Romanovsky <leonro@nvidia.com>,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>,
        Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
        LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>, lkp@lists.01.org,
        kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>,
        "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>, zhengjun.xing@intel.com
Subject: Re: [mm/gup] 57efa1fe59: will-it-scale.per_thread_ops -9.2%
 regression
Message-ID: <20210606044731.GA69002@shbuild999.sh.intel.com>
References: <20210525031636.GB7744@xsang-OptiPlex-9020>
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 <20210604070411.GA8221@shbuild999.sh.intel.com>
 <20210604075220.GA40621@shbuild999.sh.intel.com>
 <f35ae155-d73c-eca4-b950-58589a76addc@nvidia.com>
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On Fri, Jun 04, 2021 at 10:58:14AM -0700, John Hubbard wrote:
> On 6/4/21 12:52 AM, Feng Tang wrote:
> ...
> >>>The perf data doesn't even mention any of the GUP paths, and on the
> >>>pure fork path the biggest impact would be:
> >>>
> >>>  (a) maybe "struct mm_struct" changed in size or had a different cache layout
> >>
> >>Yes, this seems to be the cause of the regression.
> >>
> >>The test case is many thread are doing map/unmap at the same time,
> >>so the process's rw_semaphore 'mmap_lock' is highly contended.
> >>
> >>Before the patch (with 0day's kconfig), the mmap_lock is separated
> >>into 2 cachelines, the 'count' is in one line, and the other members
> >>sit in the next line, so it luckily avoid some cache bouncing. After
> 
> Wow! That's quite a fortunate layout to land on by accident. Almost
> makes me wonder if mmap_lock should be designed to do that, but it's
> probably even better to just keep working on having a less contended
> mmap_lock.

Yes, manipulating cache alignment is always tricky and fragile, as
data structure keeps being changed and it is affected by differrent 
kernel config options, also different workloads will see different
hot fields of it. 

Optimizing 'mmap_lock' is the better and ultimate solution. 

> I *suppose* it's worth trying to keep this fragile layout in place,
> but it is a landmine for anyone who touches mm_struct. And the struct
> is so large already that I'm not sure a comment warning would even
> be noticed. Anyway...

Linus also mentioned clear comment is needed. Will collect more info.


> >>the patch, the 'mmap_lock' is pushed into one cacheline, which may
> >>cause the regression.
> >>
> >>Below is the pahole info:
> >>
> >>- before the patch
> >>
> >>	spinlock_t         page_table_lock;      /*   116     4 */
> >>	struct rw_semaphore mmap_lock;           /*   120    40 */
> >>	/* --- cacheline 2 boundary (128 bytes) was 32 bytes ago --- */
> >>	struct list_head   mmlist;               /*   160    16 */
> >>	long unsigned int  hiwater_rss;          /*   176     8 */
> >>
> >>- after the patch
> >>
> >>	spinlock_t         page_table_lock;      /*   124     4 */
> >>	/* --- cacheline 2 boundary (128 bytes) --- */
> >>	struct rw_semaphore mmap_lock;           /*   128    40 */
> >>	struct list_head   mmlist;               /*   168    16 */
> >>	long unsigned int  hiwater_rss;          /*   184     8 */
> >>
> >>perf c2c log can also confirm this.
> >We've tried some patch, which can restore the regerssion. As the
> >newly added member 'write_protect_seq' is 4 bytes long, and putting
> >it into an existing 4 bytes long hole can restore the regeression,
> >while not affecting most of other member's alignment. Please review
> >the following patch, thanks!
> >
> 
> So, this is a neat little solution, if we agree that it's worth "fixing".
> 
> I'm definitely on the fence, but leaning toward, "go for it", because
> I like the "no cache effect" result of using up the hole.
> 
> Reviewed-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>

Thanks for the reviewing!

- Feng


> thanks,
> -- 
> John Hubbard
> NVIDIA
> 
> >- Feng
> >
> > From 85ddc2c3d0f2bdcbad4edc5c392c7bc90bb1667e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
> >From: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
> >Date: Fri, 4 Jun 2021 15:20:57 +0800
> >Subject: [PATCH RFC] mm: relocate 'write_protect_seq' in struct mm_struct
> >
> >Before commit 57efa1fe5957 ("mm/gup: prevent gup_fast from
> >racing with COW during fork), on 64bits system, the hot member
> >rw_semaphore 'mmap_lock' of 'mm_struct' could be separated into
> >2 cachelines, that its member 'count' sits in one cacheline while
> >all other members in next cacheline, this naturally reduces some
> >cache bouncing, and with the commit, the 'mmap_lock' is pushed
> >into one cacheline, as shown in the pahole info:
> >
> >  - before the commit
> >
> >	spinlock_t         page_table_lock;      /*   116     4 */
> >	struct rw_semaphore mmap_lock;           /*   120    40 */
> >	/* --- cacheline 2 boundary (128 bytes) was 32 bytes ago --- */
> >	struct list_head   mmlist;               /*   160    16 */
> >	long unsigned int  hiwater_rss;          /*   176     8 */
> >
> >  - after the commit
> >
> >	spinlock_t         page_table_lock;      /*   124     4 */
> >	/* --- cacheline 2 boundary (128 bytes) --- */
> >	struct rw_semaphore mmap_lock;           /*   128    40 */
> >	struct list_head   mmlist;               /*   168    16 */
> >	long unsigned int  hiwater_rss;          /*   184     8 */
> >
> >and it causes one 9.2% regression for 'mmap1' case of will-it-scale
> >benchmark[1], as in the case 'mmap_lock' is highly contented (occupies
> >90%+ cpu cycles).
> >
> >Though relayouting a structure could be a double-edged sword, as it
> >helps some case, but may hurt other cases. So one solution is the
> >newly added 'seqcount_t' is 4 bytes long (when CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC=n),
> >placing it into an existing 4 bytes hole in 'mm_struct' will not
> >affect most of other members's alignment, while restoring the
> >regression.
> >
> >[1]. https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210525031636.GB7744@xsang-OptiPlex-9020/
> >Reported-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com>
> >Signed-off-by: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
> >---
> >  include/linux/mm_types.h | 15 ++++++++-------
> >  1 file changed, 8 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
> >
> >diff --git a/include/linux/mm_types.h b/include/linux/mm_types.h
> >index 5aacc1c..5b55f88 100644
> >--- a/include/linux/mm_types.h
> >+++ b/include/linux/mm_types.h
> >@@ -445,13 +445,6 @@ struct mm_struct {
> >  		 */
> >  		atomic_t has_pinned;
> >-		/**
> >-		 * @write_protect_seq: Locked when any thread is write
> >-		 * protecting pages mapped by this mm to enforce a later COW,
> >-		 * for instance during page table copying for fork().
> >-		 */
> >-		seqcount_t write_protect_seq;
> >-
> >  #ifdef CONFIG_MMU
> >  		atomic_long_t pgtables_bytes;	/* PTE page table pages */
> >  #endif
> >@@ -480,7 +473,15 @@ struct mm_struct {
> >  		unsigned long stack_vm;	   /* VM_STACK */
> >  		unsigned long def_flags;
> >+		/**
> >+		 * @write_protect_seq: Locked when any thread is write
> >+		 * protecting pages mapped by this mm to enforce a later COW,
> >+		 * for instance during page table copying for fork().
> >+		 */
> >+		seqcount_t write_protect_seq;
> >+
> >  		spinlock_t arg_lock; /* protect the below fields */
> >+
> >  		unsigned long start_code, end_code, start_data, end_data;
> >  		unsigned long start_brk, brk, start_stack;
> >  		unsigned long arg_start, arg_end, env_start, env_end;
> >