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From:   Paul Menzel <pmenzel@molgen.mpg.de>
Subject: Minimum inode cache size? (was: Slow file operations on file server
 with 30 TB hardware RAID and 100 TB software RAID)
To:     LKML <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
Cc:     it+linux-xfs@molgen.mpg.de, linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-xfs@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org
References: <dcc07afa-08c3-d2d3-7900-75adb290a1bc@molgen.mpg.de>
 <3e380495-5f85-3226-f0cf-4452e2b77ccb@molgen.mpg.de>
Message-ID: <58e701f4-6af1-d47a-7b3e-5cadf9e27296@molgen.mpg.de>
Date:   Thu, 26 Aug 2021 12:41:25 +0200
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Dear Linux folks,


Am 20.08.21 um 16:39 schrieb Paul Menzel:

> Am 20.08.21 um 16:31 schrieb Paul Menzel:
> 
>> Short problem statement: Sometimes changing into a directory on a file 
>> server wit 30 TB hardware RAID and 100 TB software RAID both formatted 
>> with XFS takes several seconds.
>>
>>
>> On a Dell PowerEdge T630 with two Xeon CPU E5-2603 v4 @ 1.70GHz and 96 
>> GB RAM a 30 TB hardware RAID is served by the hardware RAID controller 
>> and a 100 TB MDRAID software RAID connected to a Microchip 1100-8e 
>> both formatted using XFS. Currently, Linux 5.4.39 runs on it.
>>
>> ```
>> $ more /proc/version
>> Linux version 5.4.39.mx64.334 (root@lol.molgen.mpg.de) (gcc version 7.5.0 (GCC)) #1 SMP Thu May 7 14:27:50 CEST 2020
>> $ dmesg | grep megar
>> [   10.322823] megaraid cmm: 2.20.2.7 (Release Date: Sun Jul 16 00:01:03 EST 2006)
>> [   10.331910] megaraid: 2.20.5.1 (Release Date: Thu Nov 16 15:32:35 EST 2006)
>> [   10.345055] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: BAR:0x1  BAR's base_addr(phys):0x0000000092100000  mapped virt_addr:0x0000000059ea5995
>> [   10.345057] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: FW now in Ready state
>> [   10.351868] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: 63 bit DMA mask and 32 bit consistent mask
>> [   10.361655] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: firmware supports msix    : (96)
>> [   10.369433] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: requested/available msix 13/13
>> [   10.377113] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: current msix/online cpus    : (13/12)
>> [   10.385190] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: RDPQ mode    : (disabled)
>> [   10.392092] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: Current firmware supports maximum commands: 928     LDIO threshold: 0
>> [   10.403895] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: Configured max firmware commands: 927
>> [   10.416840] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: Performance mode :Latency
>> [   10.424029] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: FW supports sync cache    : No
>> [   10.431417] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: megasas_disable_intr_fusion is called outbound_intr_mask:0x40000009
>> [   10.486158] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: FW provided supportMaxExtLDs: 1    max_lds: 64
>> [   10.495502] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: controller type    : MR(2048MB)
>> [   10.502988] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: Online Controller Reset(OCR)    : Enabled
>> [   10.511445] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: Secure JBOD support    : No
>> [   10.518543] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: NVMe passthru support    : No
>> [   10.525834] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: FW provided TM TaskAbort/Reset timeout: 0 secs/0 secs
>> [   10.536251] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: JBOD sequence map support    : No
>> [   10.543931] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: PCI Lane Margining support    : No
>> [   10.574406] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: megasas_enable_intr_fusion is called outbound_intr_mask:0x40000000
>> [   10.585995] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: INIT adapter done
>> [   10.592409] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: JBOD sequence map is disabled megasas_setup_jbod_map 5660
>> [   10.603273] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: pci id        : (0x1000)/(0x005d)/(0x1028)/(0x1f42)
>> [   10.612815] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: unevenspan support    : yes
>> [   10.619919] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: firmware crash dump    : no
>> [   10.627013] megaraid_sas 0000:03:00.0: JBOD sequence map    : disabled
>> $ dmesg | grep 1100-8e
>> [   25.853170] smartpqi 0000:84:00.0: added 11:2:0:0 0000000000000000 RAID              Adaptec  1100-8e
>> [   25.867069] scsi 11:2:0:0: RAID              Adaptec  1100-8e  2.93 PQ: 0 ANSI: 5
>> $ xfs_info /dev/sdc
>> meta-data=/dev/sdc               isize=512    agcount=28, agsize=268435455 blks
>>           =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
>>           =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=0, rmapbt=0
>>           =                       reflink=0
>> data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=7323648000, imaxpct=5
>>           =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
>> naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
>> log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=521728, version=2
>>           =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
>> realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
>> $ xfs_info /dev/md0
>> meta-data=/dev/md0               isize=512    agcount=102, agsize=268435328 blks
>>           =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
>>           =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=0, rmapbt=0
>>           =                       reflink=0
>> data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=27348633088, imaxpct=1
>>           =                       sunit=128    swidth=1792 blks
>> naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
>> log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=521728, version=2
>>           =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
>> realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
>> $ df -i /dev/sdc
>> Filesystem         Inodes   IUsed      IFree IUse% Mounted on
>> /dev/sdc       2929459200 4985849 2924473351    1% /home/pmenzel
>> $ df -i /dev/md0
>> Filesystem         Inodes   IUsed      IFree IUse% Mounted on
>> /dev/md0       2187890624 5331603 2182559021    1% /jbod/M8015
>> ```
>>
>> After not using a directory for a while (over 24 hours), changing into 
>> it (locally) takes over five seconds or doing some git operations. For 
>> example the Linux kernel source git tree located in my home directory. 
>> (My shell has some git integration showing the branch name in the 
>> prompt (`/usr/share/git-contrib/completion/git-prompt.sh`.) Once in 
>> that directory, everything reacts instantly again. When waiting the 
>> Linux pressure stall information (PSI) shows IO resource contention.
>>
>> Before:
>>
>>      $ grep -R . /proc/pressure/
>>      /proc/pressure/io:some avg10=0.40 avg60=0.10 avg300=0.10 total=48330841502
>>      /proc/pressure/io:full avg10=0.40 avg60=0.10 avg300=0.10 total=48067233340
>>      /proc/pressure/cpu:some avg10=0.00 avg60=0.00 avg300=0.00 total=755842910
>>      /proc/pressure/memory:some avg10=0.00 avg60=0.00 avg300=0.00 total=2530206336
>>      /proc/pressure/memory:full avg10=0.00 avg60=0.00 avg300=0.00 total=2318140732
>>
>> During `git log stable/linux-5.10.y`:
>>
>>      $ grep -R . /proc/pressure/
>>      /proc/pressure/io:some avg10=26.20 avg60=9.72 avg300=2.37 total=48337351849
>>      /proc/pressure/io:full avg10=26.20 avg60=9.72 avg300=2.37 total=48073742033
>>      /proc/pressure/cpu:some avg10=0.00 avg60=0.00 avg300=0.00 total=755843898
>>      /proc/pressure/memory:some avg10=0.00 avg60=0.00 avg300=0.00 total=2530209046
>>      /proc/pressure/memory:full avg10=0.00 avg60=0.00 avg300=0.00 total=2318143440
>>
>> The current explanation is, that over night several maintenance 
>> scripts like backup/mirroring and accounting scripts are run, which 
>> touch all files on the devices. Additionally sometimes other users run 
>> cluster jobs with millions of files on the software RAID. Such things 
>> invalidate the inode cache, and “my” are thrown out. When I use it 
>> afterward it’s slow in the beginning. There is still free memory 
>> during these times according to `top`.
> 
>      $ free -h
>                    total        used        free      shared  buff/cache available
>      Mem:            94G        8.3G        5.3G        2.3M         80G       83G
>      Swap:            0B          0B          0B
> 
>> Does that sound reasonable with ten million inodes? Is that easily 
>> verifiable?
> 
> If an inode consume 512 bytes with ten million inodes, that would be 
> around 500 MB, which should easily fit into the cache, so it does not 
> need to be invalidated?

Something is wrong with that calculation, and the cache size is much bigger.

Looking into `/proc/slabinfo` and XFS’ runtime/internal statistics [1], 
it turns out that the inode cache is likely the problem.

XFS’ internal stats show that only one third of the inodes requests are 
answered from cache.

     $ grep ^ig /sys/fs/xfs/stats/stats
     ig 1791207386 647353522 20111 1143854223 394 1142080045 10683174

During the problematic time, the SLAB size is around 4 GB and, according 
to slabinfo, the inode cache only has around 200.000 (sometimes even as 
low as 50.000).

     $ sudo grep inode /proc/slabinfo
     nfs_inode_cache       16     24   1064    3    1 : tunables   24 
12    8 : slabdata      8      8      0
     rpc_inode_cache       94    138    640    6    1 : tunables   54 
27    8 : slabdata     23     23      0
     mqueue_inode_cache      1      4    896    4    1 : tunables   54 
  27    8 : slabdata      1      1      0
     xfs_inode         1693683 1722284    960    4    1 : tunables   54 
   27    8 : slabdata 430571 430571      0
     ext2_inode_cache       0      0    768    5    1 : tunables   54 
27    8 : slabdata      0      0      0
     reiser_inode_cache      0      0    760    5    1 : tunables   54 
  27    8 : slabdata      0      0      0
     hugetlbfs_inode_cache      2     12    608    6    1 : tunables 
54   27    8 : slabdata      2      2      0
     sock_inode_cache     346    670    768    5    1 : tunables   54 
27    8 : slabdata    134    134      0
     proc_inode_cache     121    288    656    6    1 : tunables   54 
27    8 : slabdata     48     48      0
     shmem_inode_cache   2249   2827    696   11    2 : tunables   54 
27    8 : slabdata    257    257      0
     inode_cache       209098 209482    584    7    1 : tunables   54 
27    8 : slabdata  29926  29926      0

(What is the difference between `xfs_inode` and `inode_cache`?)

Then going through all the files with `find -ls`, the inode cache grows 
to four to five million and the SLAB size grows to around 8 GB. Over 
night it shrinks back to the numbers above and the page cache grows back.

In the discussions [2], adji`vfs_cache_pressure` is recommended, but – 
besides setting it to 0 – it only seems to delay the shrinking of the 
cache. (As it’s an integer 1 is the lowest non-zero (positive) number, 
which would delay it by a factor of 100.

Is there a way to specify the minimum numbers of entries in the inode 
cache, or a minimum SLAB size up to that the caches should not be decreased?


Kind regards,

Paul


[1]: https://xfs.org/index.php/Runtime_Stats#ig
[2]: 
https://linux-xfs.oss.sgi.narkive.com/qa0AYeBS/improving-xfs-file-system-inode-performance
      "Improving XFS file system inode performance" from 2010