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Date:   Tue, 12 Oct 2021 14:18:28 -0700
From:   Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@kernel.org>
To:     Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc:     tj@kernel.org, gregkh@linuxfoundation.org,
        akpm@linux-foundation.org, minchan@kernel.org, jeyu@kernel.org,
        shuah@kernel.org, bvanassche@acm.org, dan.j.williams@intel.com,
        joe@perches.com, tglx@linutronix.de, keescook@chromium.org,
        rostedt@goodmis.org, linux-spdx@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-doc@vger.kernel.org, linux-block@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, linux-kselftest@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH v8 09/12] sysfs: fix deadlock race with module removal
Message-ID: <YWX7pAn0YMaJeJBA@bombadil.infradead.org>
References: <20210927163805.808907-1-mcgrof@kernel.org>
 <20210927163805.808907-10-mcgrof@kernel.org>
 <YVwZwh7qDKfSM59h@T590>
 <YWSr2trabEJflzlj@bombadil.infradead.org>
 <YWTU3kTlJKONyFjZ@T590>
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Sender: Luis Chamberlain <mcgrof@infradead.org>
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On Tue, Oct 12, 2021 at 08:20:46AM +0800, Ming Lei wrote:
> On Mon, Oct 11, 2021 at 02:25:46PM -0700, Luis Chamberlain wrote:
> > On Tue, Oct 05, 2021 at 05:24:18PM +0800, Ming Lei wrote:
> > > On Mon, Sep 27, 2021 at 09:38:02AM -0700, Luis Chamberlain wrote:
> > > > When driver sysfs attributes use a lock also used on module removal we
> > > > can race to deadlock. This happens when for instance a sysfs file on
> > > > a driver is used, then at the same time we have module removal call
> > > > trigger. The module removal call code holds a lock, and then the
> > > > driver's sysfs file entry waits for the same lock. While holding the
> > > > lock the module removal tries to remove the sysfs entries, but these
> > > > cannot be removed yet as one is waiting for a lock. This won't complete
> > > > as the lock is already held. Likewise module removal cannot complete,
> > > > and so we deadlock.
> > > > 
> > > > This can now be easily reproducible with our sysfs selftest as follows:
> > > > 
> > > > ./tools/testing/selftests/sysfs/sysfs.sh -t 0027
> > > > 
> > > > This uses a local driver lock. Test 0028 can also be used, that uses
> > > > the rtnl_lock():
> > > > 
> > > > ./tools/testing/selftests/sysfs/sysfs.sh -t 0028
> > > > 
> > > > To fix this we extend the struct kernfs_node with a module reference
> > > > and use the try_module_get() after kernfs_get_active() is called. As
> > > > documented in the prior patch, we now know that once kernfs_get_active()
> > > > is called the module is implicitly guarded to exist and cannot be removed.
> > > > This is because the module is the one in charge of removing the same
> > > > sysfs file it created, and removal of sysfs files on module exit will wait
> > > > until they don't have any active references. By using a try_module_get()
> > > > after kernfs_get_active() we yield to let module removal trump calls to
> > > > process a sysfs operation, while also preventing module removal if a sysfs
> > > > operation is in already progress. This prevents the deadlock.
> > > > 
> > > > This deadlock was first reported with the zram driver, however the live
> > > 
> > > Looks not see the lock pattern you mentioned in zram driver, can you
> > > share the related zram code?
> > 
> > I recommend to not look at the zram driver, instead look at the
> > test_sysfs driver as that abstracts the issue more clearly and uses
> 
> Looks test_sysfs isn't in linus tree, where can I find it?

https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mcgrof/linux-next.git/log/?h=20210927-sysfs-generic-deadlock-fix

> Also please
> update your commit log about this wrong info if it can't be applied on
> zram.

It does apply to zram, it is just that I have other fixes for zram in
my pipeline which will change the zram driver further, and so what makes
more sense is to abstract the issue into a selftest driver to
demonstrate the issue more clearly.

To reproduce the deadlock revert the patch in this thread and then run
either of these two tests as root:

./tools/testing/selftests/sysfs/sysfs.sh -w 0027
./tools/testing/selftests/sysfs/sysfs.sh -w 0028

You will need to enable the test_sysfs driver.

> > two different locks as an example. The point is that if on module
> > removal *any* lock is used which is *also* used on the sysfs file
> > created by the module, you can deadlock.
> > 
> > > > And this can lead to this condition:
> > > > 
> > > > CPU A                              CPU B
> > > >                                    foo_store()
> > > > foo_exit()
> > > >   mutex_lock(&foo)
> > > >                                    mutex_lock(&foo)
> > > >    del_gendisk(some_struct->disk);
> > > >      device_del()
> > > >        device_remove_groups()
> > > 
> > > I guess the deadlock exists if foo_exit() is called anywhere. If yes,
> > > look the issue may not be related with removing module directly, right?
> > 
> > No, the reason this can deadlock is that the module exit routine will
> > patiently wait for the sysfs / kernfs files to be stop being used,
> 
> Can you share the code which waits for the sysfs / kernfs files to be
> stop being used?

How about a call trace of the two tasks which deadlock, here is one of
running test 0027:

kdevops login: [  363.875459] INFO: task sysfs.sh:1271 blocked for more
than 120 seconds.
[  363.878341]       Tainted: G            E
5.15.0-rc3-next-20210927+ #83
[  363.881218] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs"
disables this message.
[  363.882255] task:sysfs.sh        state:D stack:    0 pid: 1271 ppid:
1 flags:0x00000004
[  363.882894] Call Trace:
[  363.883091]  <TASK>
[  363.883259]  __schedule+0x2fd/0x990
[  363.883551]  schedule+0x43/0xe0
[  363.883800]  schedule_preempt_disabled+0x14/0x20
[  363.884160]  __mutex_lock.constprop.0+0x249/0x470
[  363.884524]  test_dev_x_store+0xa5/0xc0 [test_sysfs]
[  363.884915]  kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x177/0x220
[  363.885257]  new_sync_write+0x11c/0x1b0
[  363.885556]  vfs_write+0x20d/0x2a0
[  363.885821]  ksys_write+0x5f/0xe0
[  363.886081]  do_syscall_64+0x38/0xc0
[  363.886359]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
[  363.886748] RIP: 0033:0x7fee00f8bf33
[  363.887029] RSP: 002b:00007ffd372c5d18 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
[  363.887633] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000000000000003 RCX: 00007fee00f8bf33
[  363.888217] RDX: 0000000000000003 RSI: 000055a4d14a0db0 RDI: 0000000000000001
[  363.888761] RBP: 000055a4d14a0db0 R08: 000000000000000a R09: 0000000000000002
[  363.889267] R10: 000055a4d1554ac0 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000003
[  363.889983] R13: 00007fee0105c6a0 R14: 0000000000000003 R15: 00007fee0105c8a0
[  363.890513]  </TASK>
[  363.890709] INFO: task modprobe:1276 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
[  363.891185]       Tainted: G            E 5.15.0-rc3-next-20210927+ #83
[  363.891781] "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
[  363.892353] task:modprobe        state:D stack:    0 pid: 1276 ppid: 1 flags:0x00004000
[  363.892955] Call Trace:
[  363.893141]  <TASK>
[  363.893457]  __schedule+0x2fd/0x990
[  363.893865]  schedule+0x43/0xe0
[  363.894246]  __kernfs_remove.part.0+0x21e/0x2a0
[  363.894704]  ? do_wait_intr_irq+0xa0/0xa0
[  363.895142]  kernfs_remove_by_name_ns+0x50/0x90
[  363.895632]  remove_files+0x2b/0x60
[  363.896035]  sysfs_remove_group+0x38/0x80
[  363.896470]  sysfs_remove_groups+0x29/0x40
[  363.896912]  device_remove_attrs+0x5b/0x90
[  363.897352]  device_del+0x183/0x400
[  363.897758]  unregister_test_dev_sysfs+0x5b/0xaa [test_sysfs]
[  363.898317]  test_sysfs_exit+0x45/0xfb0 [test_sysfs]
[  363.898833]  __do_sys_delete_module+0x18d/0x2a0
[  363.899329]  ? fpregs_assert_state_consistent+0x1e/0x40
[  363.899868]  ? exit_to_user_mode_prepare+0x3a/0x180
[  363.900390]  do_syscall_64+0x38/0xc0
[  363.900810]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
[  363.901330] RIP: 0033:0x7f21915c57d7
[  363.901747] RSP: 002b:00007ffd90869fe8 EFLAGS: 00000206 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000b0
[  363.902442] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 000055ce676ffc30 RCX: 00007f21915c57d7
[  363.903104] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000800 RDI: 000055ce676ffc98
[  363.903782] RBP: 000055ce676ffc30 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
[  363.904462] R10: 00007f2191638ac0 R11: 0000000000000206 R12: 000055ce676ffc98
[  363.905128] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 000055ce676ffdf0
[  363.905797]  </TASK>


And gdb:

(gdb) l *(__kernfs_remove+0x21e)
0xffffffff8139288e is in __kernfs_remove (fs/kernfs/dir.c:476).
471                     if (atomic_read(&kn->active) != KN_DEACTIVATED_BIAS)
472                             lock_contended(&kn->dep_map, _RET_IP_);
473             }
474
475             /* but everyone should wait for draining */
476             wait_event(root->deactivate_waitq,
477                        atomic_read(&kn->active) == KN_DEACTIVATED_BIAS);
478
479             if (kernfs_lockdep(kn)) {
480                     lock_acquired(&kn->dep_map, _RET_IP_);

(gdb) l *(kernfs_remove_by_name_ns+0x50)
0xffffffff813938d0 is in kernfs_remove_by_name_ns (fs/kernfs/dir.c:1534).
1529
1530            kn = kernfs_find_ns(parent, name, ns);
1531            if (kn)
1532                    __kernfs_remove(kn);
1533
1534            up_write(&kernfs_rwsem);
1535
1536            if (kn)
1537                    return 0;
1538            else

The same happens for test 0028 except instead of a mutex
lock an rtnl_lock() is used.

Would this be better for the commit log?

> And why does it make a difference in case of being
> called from module_exit()?

Well because that is where we remove the sysfs files. *If*
a developer happens to use a lock on a sysfs op but it is
also used on module exit, this deadlock is bound to happen.

  Luis