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Subject: Re: [PATCH v5 1/2] x86/PCI: Ignore E820 reservations for bridge
 windows on newer systems
To:     Bjorn Helgaas <helgaas@kernel.org>
Cc:     "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rjw@rjwysocki.net>,
        Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>,
        =?UTF-8?Q?Krzysztof_Wilczy=c5=84ski?= <kw@linux.com>,
        Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>,
        Myron Stowe <myron.stowe@redhat.com>,
        Juha-Pekka Heikkila <juhapekka.heikkila@gmail.com>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>, Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>,
        "H . Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>, linux-acpi@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-pci@vger.kernel.org, x86@kernel.org,
        linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
        =?UTF-8?Q?Benoit_Gr=c3=a9goire?= <benoitg@coeus.ca>,
        Hui Wang <hui.wang@canonical.com>, stable@vger.kernel.org,
        "Rafael J . Wysocki" <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
References: <20211015200337.GA2152220@bhelgaas>
From:   Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
Message-ID: <28061559-1dbc-c65c-0cbb-ba0cfd1a674b@redhat.com>
Date:   Fri, 15 Oct 2021 22:15:37 +0200
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Hi,

On 10/15/21 10:03 PM, Bjorn Helgaas wrote:
> On Thu, Oct 14, 2021 at 08:39:42PM +0200, Hans de Goede wrote:
>> Some BIOS-es contain a bug where they add addresses which map to system
>> RAM in the PCI host bridge window returned by the ACPI _CRS method, see
>> commit 4dc2287c1805 ("x86: avoid E820 regions when allocating address
>> space").
>>
>> To work around this bug Linux excludes E820 reserved addresses when
>> allocating addresses from the PCI host bridge window since 2010.
>>
>> Recently (2020) some systems have shown-up with E820 reservations which
>> cover the entire _CRS returned PCI bridge memory window, causing all
>> attempts to assign memory to PCI BARs which have not been setup by the
>> BIOS to fail. For example here are the relevant dmesg bits from a
>> Lenovo IdeaPad 3 15IIL 81WE:
>>
>>  [mem 0x000000004bc50000-0x00000000cfffffff] reserved
>>  pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x65400000-0xbfffffff window]
>>
>> The ACPI specifications appear to allow this new behavior:
>>
>> The relationship between E820 and ACPI _CRS is not really very clear.
>> ACPI v6.3, sec 15, table 15-374, says AddressRangeReserved means:
>>
>>   This range of addresses is in use or reserved by the system and is
>>   not to be included in the allocatable memory pool of the operating
>>   system's memory manager.
>>
>> and it may be used when:
>>
>>   The address range is in use by a memory-mapped system device.
>>
>> Furthermore, sec 15.2 says:
>>
>>   Address ranges defined for baseboard memory-mapped I/O devices, such
>>   as APICs, are returned as reserved.
>>
>> A PCI host bridge qualifies as a baseboard memory-mapped I/O device,
>> and its apertures are in use and certainly should not be included in
>> the general allocatable pool, so the fact that some BIOS-es reports
>> the PCI aperture as "reserved" in E820 doesn't seem like a BIOS bug.
>>
>> So it seems that the excluding of E820 reserved addresses is a mistake.
>>
>> Ideally Linux would fully stop excluding E820 reserved addresses,
>> but then the old systems this was added for will regress.
>> Instead keep the old behavior for old systems, while ignoring
>> the E820 reservations for any systems from now on.
>>
>> Old systems are defined here as BIOS year < 2018, this was chosen to
>> make sure that pci_use_e820 will not be set on the currently affected
>> systems, while at the same time also taking into account that the
>> systems for which the E820 checking was originally added may have
>> received BIOS updates for quite a while (esp. CVE related ones),
>> giving them a more recent BIOS year then 2010.
>>
>> Also add pci=no_e820 and pci=use_e820 options to allow overriding
>> the BIOS year heuristic.
>>
>> BugLink: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=206459
>> BugLink: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1868899
>> BugLink: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1871793
>> BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1878279
>> BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1931715
>> BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1932069
>> BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1921649
>> Cc: Benoit Grégoire <benoitg@coeus.ca>
>> Cc: Hui Wang <hui.wang@canonical.com>
>> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
>> Reviewed-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com>
>> Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Hans de Goede <hdegoede@redhat.com>
> 
> Acked-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>

Thank you.

Regards,

Hans


> 
> I'm sorry we have to add more ugliness because of my mistake in
> 4dc2287c1805, but I don't see a better option.
> 
>> ---
>> Changes in v5:
>> - Drop mention of Windows behavior from the commit msg, replace with a
>>   reference to the specs
>> - Improve documentation in Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
>> - Reword the big comment added, use "PCI host bridge window" in it and drop
>>   all refences to Windows
>>
>> Changes in v4:
>> - Rewrap the big comment block to fit in 80 columns
>> - Add Rafael's Acked-by
>> - Add Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
>>
>> Changes in v3:
>> - Commit msg tweaks (drop dmesg timestamps, typo fix)
>> - Use "defined(CONFIG_...)" instead of "defined CONFIG_..."
>> - Add Mika's Reviewed-by
>>
>> Changes in v2:
>> - Replace the per model DMI quirk approach with disabling E820 reservations
>>   checking for all systems with a BIOS year >= 2018
>> - Add documentation for the new kernel-parameters to
>>   Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
>> ---
>> Other patches trying to address the same issue:
>> https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210624095324.34906-1-hui.wang@canonical.com
>> https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200617164734.84845-1-mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com
>> V1 patch:
>> https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211005150956.303707-1-hdegoede@redhat.com
>> ---
>>  .../admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt         |  9 ++++++
>>  arch/x86/include/asm/pci_x86.h                | 10 +++++++
>>  arch/x86/kernel/resource.c                    |  4 +++
>>  arch/x86/pci/acpi.c                           | 28 +++++++++++++++++++
>>  arch/x86/pci/common.c                         |  6 ++++
>>  5 files changed, 57 insertions(+)
>>
>> diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
>> index 43dc35fe5bc0..07f1615206d4 100644
>> --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
>> +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
>> @@ -3949,6 +3949,15 @@
>>  				please report a bug.
>>  		nocrs		[X86] Ignore PCI host bridge windows from ACPI.
>>  				If you need to use this, please report a bug.
>> +		use_e820	[X86] Use E820 reservations to exclude parts of
>> +				PCI host bridge windows. This is a workaround
>> +				for BIOS defects in host bridge _CRS methods.
>> +				If you need to use this, please report a bug to
>> +				<linux-pci@vger.kernel.org>.
>> +		no_e820		[X86] Ignore E820 reservations for PCI host
>> +				bridge windows. This is the default on modern
>> +				hardware. If you need to use this, please report
>> +				a bug to <linux-pci@vger.kernel.org>.
>>  		routeirq	Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
>>  				This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
>>  				so this option is a temporary workaround
>> diff --git a/arch/x86/include/asm/pci_x86.h b/arch/x86/include/asm/pci_x86.h
>> index 490411dba438..0bb4e7dd0ffc 100644
>> --- a/arch/x86/include/asm/pci_x86.h
>> +++ b/arch/x86/include/asm/pci_x86.h
>> @@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ do {						\
>>  #define PCI_ROOT_NO_CRS		0x100000
>>  #define PCI_NOASSIGN_BARS	0x200000
>>  #define PCI_BIG_ROOT_WINDOW	0x400000
>> +#define PCI_USE_E820		0x800000
>> +#define PCI_NO_E820		0x1000000
>>  
>>  extern unsigned int pci_probe;
>>  extern unsigned long pirq_table_addr;
>> @@ -64,6 +66,8 @@ void pcibios_scan_specific_bus(int busn);
>>  
>>  /* pci-irq.c */
>>  
>> +struct pci_dev;
>> +
>>  struct irq_info {
>>  	u8 bus, devfn;			/* Bus, device and function */
>>  	struct {
>> @@ -232,3 +236,9 @@ static inline void mmio_config_writel(void __iomem *pos, u32 val)
>>  # define x86_default_pci_init_irq	NULL
>>  # define x86_default_pci_fixup_irqs	NULL
>>  #endif
>> +
>> +#if defined(CONFIG_PCI) && defined(CONFIG_ACPI)
>> +extern bool pci_use_e820;
>> +#else
>> +#define pci_use_e820 false
>> +#endif
>> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/resource.c b/arch/x86/kernel/resource.c
>> index 9b9fb7882c20..e8dc9bc327bd 100644
>> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/resource.c
>> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/resource.c
>> @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
>>  // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
>>  #include <linux/ioport.h>
>>  #include <asm/e820/api.h>
>> +#include <asm/pci_x86.h>
>>  
>>  static void resource_clip(struct resource *res, resource_size_t start,
>>  			  resource_size_t end)
>> @@ -28,6 +29,9 @@ static void remove_e820_regions(struct resource *avail)
>>  	int i;
>>  	struct e820_entry *entry;
>>  
>> +	if (!pci_use_e820)
>> +		return;
>> +
>>  	for (i = 0; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
>>  		entry = &e820_table->entries[i];
>>  
>> diff --git a/arch/x86/pci/acpi.c b/arch/x86/pci/acpi.c
>> index 948656069cdd..72d473054262 100644
>> --- a/arch/x86/pci/acpi.c
>> +++ b/arch/x86/pci/acpi.c
>> @@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ struct pci_root_info {
>>  
>>  static bool pci_use_crs = true;
>>  static bool pci_ignore_seg = false;
>> +/* Consumed in arch/x86/kernel/resource.c */
>> +bool pci_use_e820 = false;
>>  
>>  static int __init set_use_crs(const struct dmi_system_id *id)
>>  {
>> @@ -160,6 +162,32 @@ void __init pci_acpi_crs_quirks(void)
>>  	       "if necessary, use \"pci=%s\" and report a bug\n",
>>  	       pci_use_crs ? "Using" : "Ignoring",
>>  	       pci_use_crs ? "nocrs" : "use_crs");
>> +
>> +	/*
>> +	 * Some BIOS-es contain a bug where they add addresses which map to
>> +	 * system RAM in the PCI host bridge window returned by the ACPI _CRS
>> +	 * method, see commit 4dc2287c1805 ("x86: avoid E820 regions when
>> +	 * allocating address space"). To avoid this Linux by default excludes
>> +	 * E820 reservations when allocating addresses since 2010.
>> +	 * In 2020 some systems have shown-up with E820 reservations which cover
>> +	 * the entire _CRS returned PCI host bridge window, causing all attempts
>> +	 * to assign memory to PCI BARs to fail if Linux uses E820 reservations.
>> +	 *
>> +	 * Ideally Linux would fully stop using E820 reservations, but then
>> +	 * the old systems this was added for will regress.
>> +	 * Instead keep the old behavior for old systems, while ignoring the
>> +	 * E820 reservations for any systems from now on.
>> +	 */
>> +	if (year >= 0 && year < 2018)
>> +		pci_use_e820 = true;
>> +
>> +	if (pci_probe & PCI_NO_E820)
>> +		pci_use_e820 = false;
>> +	else if (pci_probe & PCI_USE_E820)
>> +		pci_use_e820 = true;
>> +
>> +	printk(KERN_INFO "PCI: %s E820 reservations for host bridge windows\n",
>> +	       pci_use_e820 ? "Using" : "Ignoring");
>>  }
>>  
>>  #ifdef	CONFIG_PCI_MMCONFIG
>> diff --git a/arch/x86/pci/common.c b/arch/x86/pci/common.c
>> index 3507f456fcd0..091ec7e94fcb 100644
>> --- a/arch/x86/pci/common.c
>> +++ b/arch/x86/pci/common.c
>> @@ -595,6 +595,12 @@ char *__init pcibios_setup(char *str)
>>  	} else if (!strcmp(str, "nocrs")) {
>>  		pci_probe |= PCI_ROOT_NO_CRS;
>>  		return NULL;
>> +	} else if (!strcmp(str, "use_e820")) {
>> +		pci_probe |= PCI_USE_E820;
>> +		return NULL;
>> +	} else if (!strcmp(str, "no_e820")) {
>> +		pci_probe |= PCI_NO_E820;
>> +		return NULL;
>>  #ifdef CONFIG_PHYS_ADDR_T_64BIT
>>  	} else if (!strcmp(str, "big_root_window")) {
>>  		pci_probe |= PCI_BIG_ROOT_WINDOW;
>> -- 
>> 2.31.1
>>
>