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For that particular user, we have to also pass > FOLL_LONGTERM -- vmsplice as it stands can block memory hotunplug / CMA > / ... for all eternity. > Oh, thanks for pointing that out. I was thinking about Direct IO, and would have overlooked that vmsplice need FOLL_LONGTERM. I'm still quite vague about which parts of vmsplice are in pipe buffers (and therefore will *not* get FOLL_PIN pages) and which are in user space buffers. Just haven't spent enough time with vmsplice yet, hopefully it will clear up with some study of the code. thanks, -- John Hubbard NVIDIA