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Date:   Wed, 16 Mar 2022 14:01:07 +0100
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Subject: Re: [PATCH v1 5/7] s390/pgtable: support
 __HAVE_ARCH_PTE_SWP_EXCLUSIVE
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To:     Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@linux.ibm.com>,
        David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc:     linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
        Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>,
        David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>,
        Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>,
        John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>,
        Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>,
        Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>,
        Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.ibm.com>,
        Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>,
        "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>,
        Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>, Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>,
        Nadav Amit <namit@vmware.com>, Rik van Riel <riel@surriel.com>,
        Roman Gushchin <guro@fb.com>,
        Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>,
        Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>,
        Donald Dutile <ddutile@redhat.com>,
        Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>,
        Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>, Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>,
        Liang Zhang <zhangliang5@huawei.com>,
        Pedro Gomes <pedrodemargomes@gmail.com>,
        Oded Gabbay <oded.gabbay@gmail.com>,
        Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
        Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>,
        Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>,
        Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>,
        Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>,
        Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>,
        Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>,
        Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>,
        Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>,
        Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>, Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>, linux-mm@kvack.org,
        x86@kernel.org, linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org,
        linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org, linux-s390@vger.kernel.org
References: <20220315141837.137118-1-david@redhat.com>
 <20220315141837.137118-6-david@redhat.com> <20220315172102.771bd2cf@thinkpad>
 <c8229082-e8f1-e605-25c2-0ec9d23efd9e@redhat.com>
 <8b13b6c0-78d4-48e3-06f0-ec0680d013a9@redhat.com>
 <55b6b582-51ca-b869-2055-674fe4c563e6@redhat.com>
 <20220316115654.12823b78@thinkpad>
From:   Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
In-Reply-To: <20220316115654.12823b78@thinkpad>
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Am 16.03.22 um 11:56 schrieb Gerald Schaefer:
> On Tue, 15 Mar 2022 18:12:16 +0100
> David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com> wrote:
> 
>> On 15.03.22 17:58, David Hildenbrand wrote:
>>>
>>>>> This would mean that it is not OK to have bit 52 not zero for swap PTEs.
>>>>> But if I read the POP correctly, all bits except for the DAT-protection
>>>>> would be ignored for invalid PTEs, so maybe this comment needs some update
>>>>> (for both bits 52 and also 55).
>>>>>
>>>>> Heiko might also have some more insight.
>>>>
>>>> Indeed, I wonder why we should get a specification exception when the
>>>> PTE is invalid. I'll dig a bit into the PoP.
>>>
>>> SA22-7832-12 6-46 ("Translation-Specification Exception") is clearer
>>>
>>> "The page-table entry used for the translation is
>>> valid, and bit position 52 does not contain zero."
>>>
>>> "The page-table entry used for the translation is
>>> valid, EDAT-1 does not apply, the instruction-exe-
>>> cution-protection facility is not installed, and bit
>>> position 55 does not contain zero. It is model
>>> dependent whether this condition is recognized."
>>>
>>
>> I wonder if the following matches reality:
>>
>> diff --git a/arch/s390/include/asm/pgtable.h b/arch/s390/include/asm/pgtable.h
>> index 008a6c856fa4..6a227a8c3712 100644
>> --- a/arch/s390/include/asm/pgtable.h
>> +++ b/arch/s390/include/asm/pgtable.h
>> @@ -1669,18 +1669,16 @@ static inline int has_transparent_hugepage(void)
>>   /*
>>    * 64 bit swap entry format:
>>    * A page-table entry has some bits we have to treat in a special way.
>> - * Bits 52 and bit 55 have to be zero, otherwise a specification
>> - * exception will occur instead of a page translation exception. The
>> - * specification exception has the bad habit not to store necessary
>> - * information in the lowcore.
>>    * Bits 54 and 63 are used to indicate the page type.
>>    * A swap pte is indicated by bit pattern (pte & 0x201) == 0x200
>> - * This leaves the bits 0-51 and bits 56-62 to store type and offset.
>> - * We use the 5 bits from 57-61 for the type and the 52 bits from 0-51
>> - * for the offset.
>> - * |                     offset                        |01100|type |00|
>> + * |                     offset                        |XX1XX|type |S0|
>>    * |0000000000111111111122222222223333333333444444444455|55555|55566|66|
>>    * |0123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901|23456|78901|23|
>> + *
>> + * Bits 0-51 store the offset.
>> + * Bits 57-62 store the type.
>> + * Bit 62 (S) is used for softdirty tracking.
>> + * Bits 52, 53, 55 and 56 (X) are unused.
>>    */
>>   
>>   #define __SWP_OFFSET_MASK      ((1UL << 52) - 1)
>>
>>
>> I'm not sure why bit 53 was indicated as "1" and bit 55 was indicated as
>> "0". At least for 52 and 55 there was a clear description.
> 
> Bit 53 is the invalid bit, and that is always 1 for swap ptes, in addition
> to protection bit 54. Bit 55, along with bit 52, has to be zero according
> to the (potentially deprecated) comment.
> 
> It is interesting that bit 56 seems to be unused, at least according
> to the comment, but that would also mention bit 62 as unused, so that
> clearly needs some update.
> 
> If bit 56 could be used for _PAGE_SWP_EXCLUSIVE, that would be better
> than stealing a bit from the offset, or using potentially dangerous
> bit 52. It is defined as _PAGE_UNUSED and only used for kvm, not sure
> if this is also relevant for swap ptes, similar to bit 62.
> 
> Adding Christian on cc, maybe he has some insight on _PAGE_UNUSED
> bit 56 and swap ptes.

I think _PAGE_UNUSED is not used for swap ptes. It is used _before_ swapping
to decide whether we swap or discard the page.

Regarding bit 52, the POP says in chapter 3 for the page table entry

[..]
Page-Invalid Bit (I): Bit 53 controls whether the
page associated with the page-table entry is avail-
able. When the bit is zero, address translation pro-
ceeds by using the page-table entry. When the bit is
one, the page-table entry cannot be used for transla-
tion.


-->When the page-invalid bit is one, all other bits in the
-->page-table entry are available for use by program-
-->ming.

this was added with the z14 POP, but I guess it was just a clarification
and should be valid for older machines as well.
So 52 and 56 should be ok, with 52 probably the better choice.

PS: the page protect bit is special and should not be used (bit54) for
KVM related reasons