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From:   Qais Yousef <qais.yousef@arm.com>
To:     Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>,
        "Peter Zijlstra (Intel)" <peterz@infradead.org>,
        Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>,
        Dietmar Eggemann <dietmar.eggemann@arm.com>
Cc:     linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Xuewen Yan <xuewen.yan94@gmail.com>,
        Wei Wang <wvw@google.com>,
        Jonathan JMChen <Jonathan.JMChen@mediatek.com>,
        Hank <han.lin@mediatek.com>, Qais Yousef <qais.yousef@arm.com>
Subject: [PATCH 1/7] sched/uclamp: Fix relationship between uclamp and migration margin
Date:   Wed, 29 Jun 2022 20:46:26 +0100
Message-Id: <20220629194632.1117723-2-qais.yousef@arm.com>
In-Reply-To: <20220629194632.1117723-1-qais.yousef@arm.com>
References: <20220629194632.1117723-1-qais.yousef@arm.com>
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Precedence: bulk

fits_capacity() verifies that a util is within 20% margin of the
capacity of a CPU, which is an attempt to speed up upmigration.

But when uclamp is used, this 20% margin is problematic because for
example if a task is boosted to 1024, then it will not fit on any CPU
according to fits_capacity() logic.

Or if a task is boosted to capacity_orig_of(medium_cpu). The task will
end up on big instead on the desired medium CPU.

Similar corner cases exist for uclamp and usage of capacity_of().
Slightest irq pressure on biggest CPU for example will make a 1024
boosted task look like it can't fit.

What we really want is for uclamp comparisons to ignore the migration
margin and capacity pressure, yet retain them for when checking the
_actual_ util signal.

For example, task p:

	p->util_avg = 300
	p->uclamp[UCLAMP_MIN] = 1024

Will fit a big CPU. But

	p->util_avg = 900
	p->uclamp[UCLAMP_MIN] = 1024

will not, this should trigger overutilized state because the big CPU is
now *actually* being saturated.

Similar reasoning applies to capping tasks with UCLAMP_MAX. For example:

	p->util_avg = 1024
	p->uclamp[UCLAMP_MAX] = capacity_orig_of(medium_cpu)

Should fit the task on medium cpus without triggering overutilized
state.

Inlined comments expand more on desired behavior in more scenarios.

Introduce new util_fits_cpu() function which encapsulates the new logic.
The new function is not used anywhere yet, but will be used to update
various users of fits_capacity() in later patches.

Fixes: af24bde8df202 ("sched/uclamp: Add uclamp support to energy_compute()")
Signed-off-by: Qais Yousef <qais.yousef@arm.com>
---
 kernel/sched/fair.c | 114 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 114 insertions(+)

diff --git a/kernel/sched/fair.c b/kernel/sched/fair.c
index f80ae86bb404..5eecae32a0f6 100644
--- a/kernel/sched/fair.c
+++ b/kernel/sched/fair.c
@@ -4203,6 +4203,120 @@ static inline void util_est_update(struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq,
 	trace_sched_util_est_se_tp(&p->se);
 }
 
+static inline int util_fits_cpu(unsigned long util,
+				unsigned long uclamp_min,
+				unsigned long uclamp_max,
+				int cpu)
+{
+	unsigned long capacity = capacity_of(cpu);
+	unsigned long capacity_orig;
+	bool fits, max_capacity;
+	bool uclamp_max_fits;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check if the real util fits without any uclamp boost/cap applied.
+	 */
+	fits = fits_capacity(util, capacity);
+
+	if (!uclamp_is_used())
+		return fits;
+
+	/*
+	 * We must use capacity_orig_of() for comparing against uclamp_min and
+	 * uclamp_max. We only care about capacity pressure (by using
+	 * capacity_of()) for comparing against the real util.
+	 *
+	 * If a task is boosted to 1024 for example, we don't want a tiny
+	 * pressure to skew the check whether it fits a CPU or not.
+	 *
+	 * Similarly if a task is capped to capacity_orig_of(little_cpu), it
+	 * should fit a little cpu even if there's some pressure.
+	 *
+	 * Known limitation is when thermal pressure is severe to the point
+	 * where we have capacity inversion. We don't cater for that as the
+	 * system performance will already be impacted severely.
+	 */
+	capacity_orig = capacity_orig_of(cpu);
+
+	/*
+	 * We want to force a task to fit a cpu as implied by uclamp_max.
+	 * But we do have some corner cases to cater for..
+	 *
+	 *
+	 *                                 C=z
+	 *   |                             ___
+	 *   |                  C=y       |   |
+	 *   |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ | _ | _ _ _ _ _  uclamp_max
+	 *   |      C=x        |   |      |   |
+	 *   |      ___        |   |      |   |
+	 *   |     |   |       |   |      |   |    (util somewhere in this region)
+	 *   |     |   |       |   |      |   |
+	 *   |     |   |       |   |      |   |
+	 *   +----------------------------------------
+	 *         cpu0        cpu1       cpu2
+	 *
+	 *   In the above example if a task is capped to a specific performance
+	 *   point, y, then when:
+	 *
+	 *   * util = 80% of x then it does not fit on cpu0 and should migrate
+	 *     to cpu1
+	 *   * util = 80% of y then it is forced to fit on cpu1 to honour
+	 *     uclamp_max request.
+	 *
+	 *   which is what we're enforcing here. A task always fits if
+	 *   uclamp_max <= capacity_orig. But when uclamp_max > capacity_orig,
+	 *   the normal upmigration rules should withhold still.
+	 *
+	 *   Only exception is when we are on max capacity, then we need to be
+	 *   careful not to block overutilized state. This is so because:
+	 *
+	 *     1. There's no concept of capping at max_capacity! We can't go
+	 *        beyond this performance level anyway.
+	 *     2. The system is being saturated when we're operating near
+	 *        max_capacity, it doesn't make sense to block overutilized.
+	 */
+	max_capacity = (capacity_orig == SCHED_CAPACITY_SCALE) && (uclamp_max == SCHED_CAPACITY_SCALE);
+	uclamp_max_fits = !max_capacity && (uclamp_max <= capacity_orig);
+	fits = fits || uclamp_max_fits;
+
+	/*
+	 *
+	 *                                 C=z
+	 *   |                             ___       (region a, capped, util >= uclamp_max)
+	 *   |                  C=y       |   |
+	 *   |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ | _ | _ _ _ _ _ uclamp_max
+	 *   |      C=x        |   |      |   |
+	 *   |      ___        |   |      |   |      (region b, uclamp_min <= util <= uclamp_max)
+	 *   |_ _ _|_ _|_ _ _ _| _ | _ _ _| _ | _ _ _ _ _ uclamp_min
+	 *   |     |   |       |   |      |   |
+	 *   |     |   |       |   |      |   |      (region c, boosted, util < uclamp_min)
+	 *   +----------------------------------------
+	 *         cpu0        cpu1       cpu2
+	 *
+	 * a) If util > uclamp_max, then we're capped, we don't care about
+	 *    actual fitness value here. We only care if uclamp_max fits
+	 *    capacity without taking margin/pressure into account.
+	 *    See comment above.
+	 *
+	 * b) If uclamp_min <= util <= uclamp_max, then the normal
+	 *    fits_capacity() rules apply. Except we need to ensure that we
+	 *    enforce we remain within uclamp_max, see comment above.
+	 *
+	 * c) If util < uclamp_min, then we are boosted. Same as (b) but we
+	 *    need to take into account the boosted value fits the CPU without
+	 *    taking margin/pressure into account.
+	 *
+	 * Cases (a) and (b) are handled in the 'fits' variable already. We
+	 * just need to consider an extra check for case (c) after ensuring we
+	 * handle the case uclamp_min > uclamp_max.
+	 */
+	uclamp_min = min(uclamp_min, uclamp_max);
+	if (util < uclamp_min)
+		fits = fits && (uclamp_min <= capacity_orig);
+
+	return fits;
+}
+
 static inline int task_fits_capacity(struct task_struct *p,
 				     unsigned long capacity)
 {
-- 
2.25.1