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From:   Yu-Jen Chang <arthurchang09@gmail.com>
Date:   Sat, 23 Jul 2022 00:08:02 +0800
Message-ID: <CAD4RrFPeX=HaB9R3MmJgg0BqvPJKVjroMxEpjkS_8eaYe7rUJg@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 2/2] lib/string.c: Optimize memchr()
To:     David Laight <David.Laight@aculab.com>,
        "andy@kernel.org" <andy@kernel.org>,
        Andrey Semashev <andrey.semashev@gmail.com>
Cc:     "akinobu.mita@gmail.com" <akinobu.mita@gmail.com>,
        Ching-Chun Huang <jserv@ccns.ncku.edu.tw>,
        "linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org" <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>
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On Wed, Jul 13, 2022 at 6:24 PM David Laight <David.Laight@aculab.com> wrote:
>
> From: Andrey Semashev
> > Sent: 13 July 2022 11:03
> >
> > On 7/13/22 12:49, Andrey Semashev wrote:
> > > On 7/13/22 12:39, David Laight wrote:
> > >> From: Yu-Jen Chang
> > >>> Sent: 12 July 2022 15:59
> > >> ...
> > >>>> I think you're missing the point. Loads at unaligned addresses may not
> > >>>> be allowed by hardware using conventional load instructions or may be
> > >>>> inefficient. Given that this memchr implementation is used as a fallback
> > >>>> when no hardware-specific version is available, you should be
> > >>>> conservative wrt. hardware capabilities and behavior. You should
> > >>>> probably have a pre-alignment loop.
> > >>>
> > >>> Got it. I add  pre-alignment loop. It aligns the address to 8 or 4bytes.
> > >>
> > >> That should be predicated on !HAS_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS.
> > >>
> > >> ...
> > >>>         for (; p <= end - 8; p += 8) {
> > >>>             val = *(u64*)p ^ mask;
> > >>>             if ((val + 0xfefefefefefefeffull)
> > >>> & (~val & 0x8080808080808080ull))
> > >>>                 break;
> > >>
> > >> I would add a couple of comments, like:
> > >>    // Convert to check for zero byte.
> > >>    // Standard check for a zero byte in a word.
> > >> (But not the big 4 line explanation you had.
> > >>
> > >> It is also worth looking at how that code compiles
> > >> on 32bit arch that don't have a carry flag.
> > >> That is everything based on MIPS, including riscv.
> > >
> > > It may be worth looking at how glibc does it:
> > >
> > >
> > https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=string/memchr.c;h=422bcd0cd646ea46711a57fa3cbdb8a3329
> > fc302;hb=refs/heads/release/2.35/master#l46
> > >
> > > They do use 32-bit words on 32-bit targets and 64-bit on 64-bit ones. I
> > > think memchr in the kernel should follow this.
> >
> > Also, if by chance this optimization is aimed for x86-64, it may be
> > worth adding an arch-specific version that uses ERMS.
>
> Don't believe everything you see in glibc.
> The common cases in the kernel are different from the ones they
> tend to optimise for..
>
> You might try using:
>         #define GEN_MASK(x) (x * (unsigned long)0x0101010101010101ull)
> for the mask and the two constants.
> Then make all the variables 'long'.
>
> I'm not at all sure what the test for fast multiply is about.
> It may be very historic, for modern cpu generating the 64bit
> constant is likely to be more problematic (check arm64).
> If the input value is 'unsigned char' (or masked) then the
> compiler may decide to do the repeated <<= itself.
>
>         David
>
> -
> Registered Address Lakeside, Bramley Road, Mount Farm, Milton Keynes, MK1 1PT, UK
> Registration No: 1397386 (Wales)


I have rewrite my code as the following. I use several macros to
generate the mask and detect target char for 32-bit or 64-bit.
The  DETECT_CHAR macro is the same as this part:

(val + 0xfefefefefefefeffull) & (~val & 0x8080808080808080ull)

The 0xfefefefefefefeffull is the 2's complement of  0x0101010101010101ULL.
I perform subtraction here exactly.

If the CPU architecture is unable to perform unaligned access
efficiently, the pre-alignment loop will align the string at first.


#define LBLOCKSIZE (sizeof(long))
#if BITS_PER_LONG == 64

#define DETECT_CHAR(X)                                                         \
(((X) - 0x0101010101010101ULL) & ~(X) & 0x8080808080808080ULL)

#define MEMCHR_MASK_GEN(mask)                                                  \
do {                                                                   \
    (mask) |= (mask) << 8;                                         \
    (mask) |= (mask) << 16;                                        \
    (mask) |= (mask) << 32;                                        \
} while (0)

#else

#define DETECT_CHAR(X) (((X)-0x01010101UL) & ~(X)&0x80808080UL)

#define MEMCHR_MASK_GEN(mask)                                                  \
do {                                                                   \
    (mask) |= (mask) << 8;                                         \
    (mask) |= (mask) << 16;                                        \
} while (0)

#endif

void *memchr(const void *p, int c, size_t length)
{
    unsigned long mask, val;
    const void *end = p + length;
    c &= 0xff;
#ifndef CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
    while ((long)p & (sizeof(long) - 1)) {
        if (p >= end)
            return NULL;
        if (*(unsigned char *)p == c)
            return (void *)p;
        p++;
    }
#endif
    if (p <= end - LBLOCKSIZE) {
        mask = c;
        MEMCHR_MASK_GEN(mask);

       for (; p <= end - LBLOCKSIZE; p += LBLOCKSIZE) {
              val = *(unsigned long *)p ^ mask;
              if (DETECT_CHAR(val))
                  break;
       }
    }

    for (; p < end; p++)
       if (*(unsigned char *)p == c)
           return (void *)p;

    return NULL;
}