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From:   Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com>
To:     linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Cc:     Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>, Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>,
        Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>,
        Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com>,
        Phil Auld <pauld@redhat.com>,
        Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Subject: [RFC PATCH v3 2/3] workqueue: Unbind workers before sending them to exit()
Date:   Tue,  2 Aug 2022 09:41:45 +0100
Message-Id: <20220802084146.3922640-3-vschneid@redhat.com>
In-Reply-To: <20220802084146.3922640-1-vschneid@redhat.com>
References: <20220802084146.3922640-1-vschneid@redhat.com>
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It has been reported that isolated CPUs can suffer from interference due to
per-CPU kworkers waking up just to die.

A surge of workqueue activity during initial setup of a latency-sensitive
application (refresh_vm_stats() being one of the culprits) can cause extra
per-CPU kworkers to be spawned. Then, said latency-sensitive task can be
running merrily on an isolated CPU only to be interrupted sometime later by
a kworker marked for death (cf. IDLE_WORKER_TIMEOUT, 5 minutes after last
kworker activity).

Prevent this by affining kworkers to the wq_unbound_cpumask (which doesn't
contain isolated CPUs, cf. HK_TYPE_WQ) before waking them up after marking
them with WORKER_DIE.

Changing the affinity does require a sleepable context, so get rid of the
pool->idle_timer and use a delayed_work instead. Ensure kworkers do not
free their resources before the new kworker reaper has handled them by
introducing a new struct worker.reaper field - this new field fills in a 4
byte hole in the second cacheline of struct worker.

Signed-off-by: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com>
---
 kernel/workqueue.c          | 155 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 kernel/workqueue_internal.h |   1 +
 2 files changed, 126 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/kernel/workqueue.c b/kernel/workqueue.c
index 97cc41430a76..28cd58c684ee 100644
--- a/kernel/workqueue.c
+++ b/kernel/workqueue.c
@@ -167,9 +167,9 @@ struct worker_pool {
 	int			nr_workers;	/* L: total number of workers */
 	int			nr_idle;	/* L: currently idle workers */
 
-	struct list_head	idle_list;	/* L: list of idle workers */
-	struct timer_list	idle_timer;	/* L: worker idle timeout */
-	struct timer_list	mayday_timer;	/* L: SOS timer for workers */
+	struct list_head	idle_list;	  /* L: list of idle workers */
+	struct delayed_work     idle_reaper_work; /* L: worker idle timeout */
+	struct timer_list	mayday_timer;	  /* L: SOS timer for workers */
 
 	/* a workers is either on busy_hash or idle_list, or the manager */
 	DECLARE_HASHTABLE(busy_hash, BUSY_WORKER_HASH_ORDER);
@@ -1806,8 +1806,10 @@ static void worker_enter_idle(struct worker *worker)
 	/* idle_list is LIFO */
 	list_add(&worker->entry, &pool->idle_list);
 
-	if (too_many_workers(pool) && !timer_pending(&pool->idle_timer))
-		mod_timer(&pool->idle_timer, jiffies + IDLE_WORKER_TIMEOUT);
+	if (too_many_workers(pool) && !delayed_work_pending(&pool->idle_reaper_work))
+		mod_delayed_work(system_unbound_wq,
+				 &pool->idle_reaper_work,
+				 IDLE_WORKER_TIMEOUT);
 
 	/* Sanity check nr_running. */
 	WARN_ON_ONCE(pool->nr_workers == pool->nr_idle && pool->nr_running);
@@ -1972,9 +1974,72 @@ static struct worker *create_worker(struct worker_pool *pool)
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+static void unbind_worker(struct worker *worker)
+{
+	lockdep_assert_held(&wq_pool_mutex);
+
+	kthread_set_per_cpu(worker->task, -1);
+	if (cpumask_intersects(wq_unbound_cpumask, cpu_active_mask))
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(set_cpus_allowed_ptr(worker->task, wq_unbound_cpumask) < 0);
+	else
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(set_cpus_allowed_ptr(worker->task, cpu_possible_mask) < 0);
+}
+
+static void rebind_worker(struct worker *worker, struct worker_pool *pool)
+{
+	kthread_set_per_cpu(worker->task, pool->cpu);
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(set_cpus_allowed_ptr(worker->task, pool->attrs->cpumask) < 0);
+}
+
+static void reap_workers(struct list_head *reaplist)
+{
+	struct worker *worker, *tmp;
+
+	list_for_each_entry_safe(worker, tmp, reaplist, entry) {
+		list_del_init(&worker->entry);
+		unbind_worker(worker);
+
+		/*
+		 * If the worker was somehow already running, then it had to be
+		 * in pool->idle_list when destroy_worker() happened or we
+		 * wouldn't have gotten here.
+		 *
+		 * Thus, the worker must either have observed the WORKER_DIE
+		 * flag, or have set its state to TASK_IDLE. Either way, the
+		 * below will be observed by the worker and is safe to do
+		 * outside of pool->lock.
+		 */
+		WRITE_ONCE(worker->reaped, true);
+		wake_up_process(worker->task);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Unlikely as it may be, a worker could wake after destroy_worker() has
+ * happened but before reap_workers(). WORKER_DIE would be set in worker->flags,
+ * so it would be able to kfree(worker) and head out to do_exit().
+ *
+ * Rather than make the reaper wait for each to-be-reaped kworker to exit and
+ * kfree(worker) itself, make the kworkers (which have nothing to do but go
+ * do_exit() anyway) wait for the reaper to be done with them.
+ */
+static void worker_wait_reaped(struct worker *worker)
+{
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(current != worker->task);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+		if (READ_ONCE(worker->reaped))
+			break;
+		schedule();
+	}
+	__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
+}
+
 /**
  * destroy_worker - destroy a workqueue worker
  * @worker: worker to be destroyed
+ * @list: transfer worker away from its pool->idle_list and into list
  *
  * Destroy @worker and adjust @pool stats accordingly.  The worker should
  * be idle.
@@ -1982,7 +2047,7 @@ static struct worker *create_worker(struct worker_pool *pool)
  * CONTEXT:
  * raw_spin_lock_irq(pool->lock).
  */
-static void destroy_worker(struct worker *worker)
+static void destroy_worker(struct worker *worker, struct list_head *list)
 {
 	struct worker_pool *pool = worker->pool;
 
@@ -1997,34 +2062,64 @@ static void destroy_worker(struct worker *worker)
 	pool->nr_workers--;
 	pool->nr_idle--;
 
-	list_del_init(&worker->entry);
 	worker->flags |= WORKER_DIE;
-	wake_up_process(worker->task);
+
+	list_move(&worker->entry, list);
 }
 
-static void idle_worker_timeout(struct timer_list *t)
+/**
+ * idle_reaper_fn - reap workers that have been idle for too long.
+ *
+ * Unbinding marked-for-destruction workers requires a sleepable context, as
+ * changing a task's affinity is not an atomic operation, and we don't want
+ * to disturb isolated CPUs IDLE_WORKER_TIMEOUT in the future just for a kworker
+ * to do_exit().
+ *
+ * Percpu kworkers should meet the conditions for the affinity change to not
+ * block (not migration-disabled and not running), but there is no *hard*
+ * guarantee that they are not running when we get here.
+ *
+ * The delayed_work is only ever modified under raw_spin_lock_irq(pool->lock).
+ */
+static void idle_reaper_fn(struct work_struct *work)
 {
-	struct worker_pool *pool = from_timer(pool, t, idle_timer);
+	struct delayed_work *dwork = to_delayed_work(work);
+	struct worker_pool *pool = container_of(dwork, struct worker_pool, idle_reaper_work);
+	struct list_head reaplist;
+	struct worker *worker;
+
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&reaplist);
 
 	raw_spin_lock_irq(&pool->lock);
 
 	while (too_many_workers(pool)) {
-		struct worker *worker;
 		unsigned long expires;
+		unsigned long now = jiffies;
 
 		/* idle_list is kept in LIFO order, check the last one */
 		worker = list_entry(pool->idle_list.prev, struct worker, entry);
 		expires = worker->last_active + IDLE_WORKER_TIMEOUT;
 
-		if (time_before(jiffies, expires)) {
-			mod_timer(&pool->idle_timer, expires);
+		/*
+		 * Careful: queueing a work item from here can and will cause a
+		 * self-deadlock when dealing with an unbound pool. However,
+		 * here the delay *cannot* be zero and *has* to be in the
+		 * future, which works.
+		 */
+		if (time_before(now, expires)) {
+			mod_delayed_work(system_unbound_wq,
+					 &pool->idle_reaper_work,
+					 expires - now);
 			break;
 		}
 
-		destroy_worker(worker);
+		destroy_worker(worker, &reaplist);
 	}
-
 	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&pool->lock);
+
+	mutex_lock(&wq_pool_mutex);
+	reap_workers(&reaplist);
+	mutex_unlock(&wq_pool_mutex);
 }
 
 static void send_mayday(struct work_struct *work)
@@ -2388,6 +2483,9 @@ static int worker_thread(void *__worker)
 	/* am I supposed to die? */
 	if (unlikely(worker->flags & WORKER_DIE)) {
 		raw_spin_unlock_irq(&pool->lock);
+
+		worker_wait_reaped(worker);
+
 		WARN_ON_ONCE(!list_empty(&worker->entry));
 		set_pf_worker(false);
 
@@ -3454,7 +3552,7 @@ static int init_worker_pool(struct worker_pool *pool)
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pool->idle_list);
 	hash_init(pool->busy_hash);
 
-	timer_setup(&pool->idle_timer, idle_worker_timeout, TIMER_DEFERRABLE);
+	INIT_DEFERRABLE_WORK(&pool->idle_reaper_work, idle_reaper_fn);
 
 	timer_setup(&pool->mayday_timer, pool_mayday_timeout, 0);
 
@@ -3559,8 +3657,11 @@ static bool wq_manager_inactive(struct worker_pool *pool)
 static void put_unbound_pool(struct worker_pool *pool)
 {
 	DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(detach_completion);
+	struct list_head reaplist;
 	struct worker *worker;
 
+	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&reaplist);
+
 	lockdep_assert_held(&wq_pool_mutex);
 
 	if (--pool->refcnt)
@@ -3588,10 +3689,12 @@ static void put_unbound_pool(struct worker_pool *pool)
 	pool->flags |= POOL_MANAGER_ACTIVE;
 
 	while ((worker = first_idle_worker(pool)))
-		destroy_worker(worker);
+		destroy_worker(worker, &reaplist);
 	WARN_ON(pool->nr_workers || pool->nr_idle);
 	raw_spin_unlock_irq(&pool->lock);
 
+	reap_workers(&reaplist);
+
 	mutex_lock(&wq_pool_attach_mutex);
 	if (!list_empty(&pool->workers))
 		pool->detach_completion = &detach_completion;
@@ -3601,7 +3704,7 @@ static void put_unbound_pool(struct worker_pool *pool)
 		wait_for_completion(pool->detach_completion);
 
 	/* shut down the timers */
-	del_timer_sync(&pool->idle_timer);
+	cancel_delayed_work_sync(&pool->idle_reaper_work);
 	del_timer_sync(&pool->mayday_timer);
 
 	/* RCU protected to allow dereferences from get_work_pool() */
@@ -4999,13 +5102,8 @@ static void unbind_workers(int cpu)
 
 		raw_spin_unlock_irq(&pool->lock);
 
-		for_each_pool_worker(worker, pool) {
-			kthread_set_per_cpu(worker->task, -1);
-			if (cpumask_intersects(wq_unbound_cpumask, cpu_active_mask))
-				WARN_ON_ONCE(set_cpus_allowed_ptr(worker->task, wq_unbound_cpumask) < 0);
-			else
-				WARN_ON_ONCE(set_cpus_allowed_ptr(worker->task, cpu_possible_mask) < 0);
-		}
+		for_each_pool_worker(worker, pool)
+			unbind_worker(worker);
 
 		mutex_unlock(&wq_pool_attach_mutex);
 	}
@@ -5030,11 +5128,8 @@ static void rebind_workers(struct worker_pool *pool)
 	 * of all workers first and then clear UNBOUND.  As we're called
 	 * from CPU_ONLINE, the following shouldn't fail.
 	 */
-	for_each_pool_worker(worker, pool) {
-		kthread_set_per_cpu(worker->task, pool->cpu);
-		WARN_ON_ONCE(set_cpus_allowed_ptr(worker->task,
-						  pool->attrs->cpumask) < 0);
-	}
+	for_each_pool_worker(worker, pool)
+		rebind_worker(worker, pool);
 
 	raw_spin_lock_irq(&pool->lock);
 
diff --git a/kernel/workqueue_internal.h b/kernel/workqueue_internal.h
index e00b1204a8e9..a3d60e10a76f 100644
--- a/kernel/workqueue_internal.h
+++ b/kernel/workqueue_internal.h
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ struct worker {
 	unsigned int		flags;		/* X: flags */
 	int			id;		/* I: worker id */
 	int			sleeping;	/* None */
+	int                     reaped;         /* None */
 
 	/*
 	 * Opaque string set with work_set_desc().  Printed out with task
-- 
2.31.1