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From:   "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
To:     Cambda Zhu <cambda@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc:     Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-api@vger.kernel.org, Xuan Zhuo <xuanzhuo@linux.alibaba.com>,
        Dust Li <dust.li@linux.alibaba.com>,
        Tony Lu <tonylu@linux.alibaba.com>
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        <87pmfn5tu1.fsf@email.froward.int.ebiederm.org>
        <87r102ejwo.fsf@oldenburg.str.redhat.com>
        <0CC7D0E7-71C5-4DAC-8A01-F9E13659F864@linux.alibaba.com>
        <87illeedc5.fsf@oldenburg.str.redhat.com>
        <613994F7-054D-4992-A159-96D34B17BC7F@linux.alibaba.com>
Date:   Fri, 23 Sep 2022 16:15:17 -0500
In-Reply-To: <613994F7-054D-4992-A159-96D34B17BC7F@linux.alibaba.com> (Cambda
        Zhu's message of "Fri, 23 Sep 2022 16:40:15 +0800")
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Subject: Re: Syscall kill() can send signal to thread ID
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Cambda Zhu <cambda@linux.alibaba.com> writes:

>> On Sep 23, 2022, at 15:53, Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com> wrote:
>> 
>>> I don't quite understand what you mean, sorry. But if kill() returns
>>> -ESRCH for tid which is not equal to tgid, kill() can only send signal
>>> to thread group via main thread id, that is what BSD did and manual
>>> said. It seems not odd?
>> 
>> It's still odd because there's one TID per process that's valid for
>> kill by accident.  That's all.

> As far as I know, there is no rule forbidding 'process ID'(TGID on Linux)
> equals to main thread ID, is it right?

There is an unfortunate guarantee that glibc depends upon that after
exec TGID == TID for the initial thread in a process.  I say unfortunate
because maintaining that guarantee when another thread in the process
calls exec is a bit painful.

> If one wants to send signal to a specific thread, tgkill() can do
> that. As far as I understand, the difference between kill() and
> tgkill() is whether the signal is set on shared_pending, whatever the
> ID is a process ID or a thread ID. For Linux, the main thread ID just
> equals to the process ID.

Correct.  kill and tgkill uses different signal queues.  Kill is global
to the destination process and tgkill is always thread local.

> So the meaning of kill(main_tid, sig) is sending signal to a process,
> of which the PID equals to the first argument. It's not odd, I think.

Yes, the oddity is the TGID and TID share the same value, nothing else.

Eric