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First, it provides a data driven method >>>>>>>> to describe hardware peripherals that are present in a PCI endpoint and >>>>>>>> hence can be accessed by the PCI host. An example device is Xilinx/AMD >>>>>>>> Alveo PCIe accelerators. Second, it allows reuse of a OF compatible >>>>>>>> driver -- often used in SoC platforms -- in a PCI host based system. An >>>>>>>> example device is Microchip LAN9662 Ethernet Controller. >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> This patch series consolidates previous efforts to define such an >>>>>>>> infrastructure: >>>>>>>> https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220305052304.726050-1-lizhi.hou@xilinx.com/ >>>>>>>> https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220427094502.456111-1-clement.leger@bootlin.com/ >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> Normally, the PCI core discovers PCI devices and their BARs using the >>>>>>>> PCI enumeration process. However, the process does not provide a way to >>>>>>>> discover the hardware peripherals that are present in a PCI device, and >>>>>>>> which can be accessed through the PCI BARs. Also, the enumeration process >>>>>>>> does not provide a way to associate MSI-X vectors of a PCI device with the >>>>>>>> hardware peripherals that are present in the device. PCI device drivers >>>>>>>> often use header files to describe the hardware peripherals and their >>>>>>>> resources as there is no standard data driven way to do so. This patch >>>>>>>> series proposes to use flattened device tree blob to describe the >>>>>>>> peripherals in a data driven way. Based on previous discussion, using >>>>>>>> device tree overlay is the best way to unflatten the blob and populate >>>>>>>> platform devices. To use device tree overlay, there are three obvious >>>>>>>> problems that need to be resolved. >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> First, we need to create a base tree for non-DT system such as x86_64. A >>>>>>>> patch series has been submitted for this: >>>>>>>> https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220624034327.2542112-1-frowand.list@gmail.com/ >>>>>>>> https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220216050056.311496-1-lizhi.hou@xilinx.com/ >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> Second, a device tree node corresponding to the PCI endpoint is required >>>>>>>> for overlaying the flattened device tree blob for that PCI endpoint. >>>>>>>> Because PCI is a self-discoverable bus, a device tree node is usually not >>>>>>>> created for PCI devices. This series adds support to generate a device >>>>>>>> tree node for a PCI device which advertises itself using PCI quirks >>>>>>>> infrastructure. >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> Third, we need to generate device tree nodes for PCI bridges since a child >>>>>>>> PCI endpoint may choose to have a device tree node created. >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> This patch series is made up of two patches. >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> The first patch is adding OF interface to allocate an OF node. It is copied >>>>>>>> from: >>>>>>>> https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220620104123.341054-5-clement.leger@bootlin.com/ >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> The second patch introduces a kernel option, CONFIG_PCI_OF. When the option >>>>>>>> is turned on, the kernel will generate device tree nodes for all PCI >>>>>>>> bridges unconditionally. The patch also shows how to use the PCI quirks >>>>>>>> infrastructure, DECLARE_PCI_FIXUP_FINAL to generate a device tree node for >>>>>>>> a device. Specifically, the patch generates a device tree node for Xilinx >>>>>>>> Alveo U50 PCIe accelerator device. The generated device tree nodes do not >>>>>>>> have any property. Future patches will add the necessary properties. >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> Clément Léger (1): >>>>>>>>      of: dynamic: add of_node_alloc() >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> Lizhi Hou (1): >>>>>>>>      pci: create device tree node for selected devices >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>     drivers/of/dynamic.c        |  50 +++++++++++++---- >>>>>>>>     drivers/pci/Kconfig         |  11 ++++ >>>>>>>>     drivers/pci/bus.c           |   2 + >>>>>>>>     drivers/pci/msi/irqdomain.c |   6 +- >>>>>>>>     drivers/pci/of.c            | 106 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >>>>>>>>     drivers/pci/pci-driver.c    |   3 +- >>>>>>>>     drivers/pci/pci.h           |  16 ++++++ >>>>>>>>     drivers/pci/quirks.c        |  11 ++++ >>>>>>>>     drivers/pci/remove.c        |   1 + >>>>>>>>     include/linux/of.h          |   7 +++ >>>>>>>>     10 files changed, 200 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) >>>>>>>> >>>>>>> The patch description leaves out the most important piece of information. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> The device located at the PCI endpoint is implemented via FPGA >>>>>>>       - which is programmed after Linux boots (or somewhere late in the boot process) >>>>>>>          - (A) and thus can not be described by static data available pre-boot because >>>>>>>                it is dynamic (and the FPGA program will often change while the Linux >>>>>>>                kernel is already booted >>>>>>>          - (B) can be described by static data available pre-boot because the FPGA >>>>>>>                program will always be the same for this device on this system >>>>>>> >>>>>>> I am not positive what part of what I wrote above is correct and would appreciate >>>>>>> some confirmation of what is correct or incorrect. >>>>>> There are 2 series devices rely on this patch: >>>>>> >>>>>>       1) Xilinx Alveo Accelerator cards (FPGA based device) >>>>>> >>>>>>       2) lan9662 PCIe card >>>>>> >>>>>>             please see: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220427094502.456111-1-clement.leger@bootlin.com/ >>>>> Thanks.  Please include this information in future versions of the patch series. >>>>> >>>>> For device 2 I have strongly recommended using pre-boot apply of the overlay to the base >>>>> device tree.  I realize that this suggestion is only a partial solution if one wants to >>>>> use hotplug to change system configuration (as opposed to using hotplug only to replace >>>>> an existing device (eg a broken device) with another instance of the same device).  I >>>>> also realize that this increased the system administration overhead.  On the other hand >>>>> an overlay based solution is likely to be fragile and possibly flaky. >>>> Can you clarify the pre-boot apply approach? How will it work for PCI devices? >>>>>> For Xilinx Alveo device, it is (A). The FPGA partitions can be programmed dynamically after boot. >>>>> I looked at the Xilinx Alveo web page, and there are a variety of types of Alveo cards >>>>> available.  So the answer to my next question may vary by type of card. >>>>> >>>>> Is it expected that the fpga program on a given card will change frequently (eg multiple >>>>> times per day), where the changed program results in a new device that would require a >>>>> different hardware description in the device tree? >>>> Different images may be loaded to a FPGA partition several times a >>>> day. The PCI topology (Device IDs, BARs, MSIx, etc) does not change. >>>> New IPs may appear (and old IPs may disappear) on the BARs when a new >>>> image is loaded. We would like to use flattened device tree to >>>> describe the IPs on the BARs. >>> That was kind of a non-answer.  I know that images _may_ change at >>> some frequency.  I was trying to get a sense of whether the images >>> were _likely_ to be changing on a frequent basis for these types >>> of boards, or whether frequent image changes are likely to be a >>> rare edge use case. >>> >>> If there is a good design for the 99.999% use case that does not >>> support the 0.001% use case then it may be better to not create >>> an inferior design that also supports the 0.001% use case. >>> >>> I hope that gives a better idea of the reason why I was asking the >>> question and how the answer could impact design and implementation >>> decisions. >>> >>> As a point of reference, some other fpga users have indicated a >>> desire to change images many times per second.  The current driver >>> and overlay architecture did not seem to me to be a good match to >>> that use case (depending on the definition of "many"). >> >> I would rather we cover 99.999% now. >> >> My understanding is that the subdevices are flexible but fairly >> static and the frequency Lizhi mentions would cover development >> uses. >> >> In production I would expect the image to change about once a year >> with the same order of magnitude as firmware. > > Thanks for this info, it helps a lot. > >> >> Can you point me to a reference of a user case with high frequency >> images changing that also depends on pci io device changing? > > I actually don't have references to any previous PCI devices that are > based on FPGAs, let alone with a high frequency of images changing. > > The Alveo devices are the first such devices that have come to my > attention. Note that this is a technology space that I do not > follow, so my lack of awareness does not mean much. > > I do not remember the specific discussion that was asserting or > desiring a high frequency of image changes for an FPGA. The > current overlay architecture and overall device tree architecture > would not handle this well and/or robustly because (off the top of > my head, hopefully I'm getting this correct) the live system device > tree does not directly contain all of the associated data - some of > it is contained in the unflattened device tree (FDT) that remains in > memory after unflattening, both in the case of the base system device > tree and overlay device trees. Some of the device tree data APIs return > pointers to this data in the FDT. And the API does not provide reference > counting for the data (just reference counting for nodes - and these > reference counts are know to be frequently incorrect). > Thanks for pointing out the limitations of the current overlay architecture. Can a careful orchestration of overlay creation and tear down by each driver address the limitation? I did see another user, drivers/pci/hotplug/pnv_php.c, which seems to be using the overlay infrastructure in this manner. What is your suggestion to move forward? -Sonal > In general I have very little visibility into the FPGA space so I go > out of my way to notify them before making changes to the overlay > implementation, API, etc; listen carefully to their input; and give > them lots of opportunity to test any resulting changes. > > -Frank > >> >> Tom >> >>> -Frank >>> >>>> Thanks, >>>> >>>> Lizhi >>>> >>>>> Or is the fpga program expected to change on an infrequent basis (eg monthly, quarterly, >>>>> annually), in the same way as device firmware and operating systems are updated on a regular >>>>> basis for bug fixes and new functionality? >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> Thanks, >>>>>> >>>>>> Lzhi >>>>>> >>>>>>> -Frank >> >