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Date:   Wed, 23 Nov 2022 09:56:38 +0100
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To:     Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>, Gavin Shan <gshan@redhat.com>
Cc:     linux-mm@kvack.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
        akpm@linux-foundation.org, william.kucharski@oracle.com,
        ziy@nvidia.com, kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com,
        zhenyzha@redhat.com, shan.gavin@gmail.com, riel@surriel.com,
        willy@infradead.org, apopple@nvidia.com
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 <e8a64b11-98f9-b571-dce9-a60df98e3e5@google.com>
From:   David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Organization: Red Hat
Subject: Re: [PATCH] mm: migrate: Fix THP's mapcount on isolation
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On 23.11.22 06:14, Hugh Dickins wrote:
> On Wed, 23 Nov 2022, Gavin Shan wrote:
> 
>> The issue is reported when removing memory through virtio_mem device.
>> The transparent huge page, experienced copy-on-write fault, is wrongly
>> regarded as pinned. The transparent huge page is escaped from being
>> isolated in isolate_migratepages_block(). The transparent huge page
>> can't be migrated and the corresponding memory block can't be put
>> into offline state.
>>
>> Fix it by replacing page_mapcount() with total_mapcount(). With this,
>> the transparent huge page can be isolated and migrated, and the memory
>> block can be put into offline state.
>>
>> Fixes: 3917c80280c9 ("thp: change CoW semantics for anon-THP")
>> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org   # v5.8+
>> Reported-by: Zhenyu Zhang <zhenyzha@redhat.com>
>> Suggested-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
>> Signed-off-by: Gavin Shan <gshan@redhat.com>
> 
> Interesting, good catch, looked right to me: except for the Fixes line
> and mention of v5.8.  That CoW change may have added a case which easily
> demonstrates the problem, but it would have been the wrong test on a THP
> for long before then - but only in v5.7 were compound pages allowed
> through at all to reach that test, so I think it should be
> 
> Fixes: 1da2f328fa64 ("mm,thp,compaction,cma: allow THP migration for CMA allocations")
> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org   # v5.7+
> 
> Oh, no, stop: this is not so easy, even in the latest tree.
> 
> Because at the time of that "admittedly racy check", we have no hold
> at all on the page in question: and if it's PageLRU or PageCompound
> at one instant, it may be different the next instant.  Which leaves it
> vulnerable to whatever BUG_ON()s there may be in the total_mapcount()
> path - needs research.  *Perhaps* there are no more BUG_ON()s in the
> total_mapcount() path than in the existing page_mapcount() path.
> 
> I suspect that for this to be safe (before your patch and more so after),
> it will be necessary to shift the "admittedly racy check" down after the
> get_page_unless_zero() (and check the sequence of operations when a
> compound page is initialized).

Grabbing a reference first sounds like the right approach to me.

> 
> The races I'm talking about are much much rarer than the condition you
> are trying to avoid, so it's frustrating; but such races are real,
> and increasing stable's exposure to them is not so good.

Such checks are always racy and the code has to be able to deal with 
false negatives/postives (we're not even holding the page lock); as you 
state, we just don't want to trigger undefined behavior/BUG.


I'm also curious how that migration code handles a THP that's in the 
swapcache. It better should handle such pages correctly, for example, by 
removing them from the swapcache first, otherwise that could block 
migration.


For example, in mm/ksm.c:write_protect_page() we have

"page_mapcount(page) + 1 + swapped != page_count(page)"

page_mapcount() and "swapped==0/1" makes sense to me, because KSM only 
cares about order-0 pages, so no need for THP games.


But we do have an even better helper in place already: 
mm/huge_memory.c:can_split_folio()

Which cares about

a) Swapcache for THP: each subpage could be in the swapcache
b) Requires the caller to hold one reference to be safe

But I am a bit confused about the "extra_pins" for !anon. Where do the 
folio_nr_pages() references come from?

So *maybe* it makes sense to factor out can_split_folio() and call it 
something like: "folio_maybe_additionally_referenced"  [to clearly 
distinguish it from "folio_maybe_dma_pinned" that cares about actual 
page pinning (read/write page content)].

Such a function could return false positives/negatives due to races and 
the caller would have to hold one reference and be able to deal with the 
semantics.

-- 
Thanks,

David / dhildenb