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Date:   Fri, 16 Dec 2022 21:15:19 -0800
From:   "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org>
To:     Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc:     Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>, boqun.feng@gmail.com,
        neeraj.iitr10@gmail.com, urezki@gmail.com, rcu@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Subject: Re: [PATCH RFC] srcu: Yet more detail for
 srcu_readers_active_idx_check() comments
Message-ID: <20221217051519.GI4001@paulmck-ThinkPad-P17-Gen-1>
Reply-To: paulmck@kernel.org
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On Fri, Dec 16, 2022 at 10:21:25PM -0500, Joel Fernandes wrote:
> On Fri, Dec 16, 2022 at 10:19 PM Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org> wrote:
> >
> > Hi,
> > On the related subject of this function, I drew a diagram for one of
> > the reasons why per-CPU unlock counts have to be scanned first, for a
> > particular index, before the per-CPU lock counts, and not the other
> > way. Otherwise, a reader that got preempted after reading the index,
> > can suddenly get scheduled during the inactive index's scan, and cause
> > the total lock and unlock counts to falsely match:
> > https://i.imgur.com/79fDWdQ.png
> 
> Better diagram: https://i.imgur.com/PXKJnmW.png
> (Added the preemption reasoning for Reader 0).

Nice!!!

The other way to look at this is using a memory-ordering viewpoint.
This is a member of the message-passing litmus-test family, and the reader
must read the variables in the opposite order that the writer writes them.

(See the infamous test6.pdf file, "MP" pattern.)

							Thanx, Paul

> thanks,
> 
>  - Joel
> 
> 
> > Cheers,
> >
> >  - Joel
> >
> >
> >
> > On Fri, Dec 16, 2022 at 11:54 AM Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org> wrote:
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > > On Dec 16, 2022, at 11:51 AM, Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > ﻿On Fri, Dec 16, 2022 at 04:32:39PM +0000, Joel Fernandes wrote:
> > > >> On Thu, Dec 15, 2022 at 05:09:14PM -0800, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> > > >> [...]
> > > >>>>>> 2. unlock()'s smp_mb() happened before Flip+smp_mb() , now the reader
> > > >>>>>> has no new smp_mb() that happens AFTER the flip happened. So it can
> > > >>>>>> totally sample the old idx again -- that particular reader will
> > > >>>>>> increment twice, but the next time, it will see the flipped one.
> > > >>>>>
> > > >>>>> I will let you transliterate both.  ;-)
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> I think I see what you mean now :)
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> I believe the access I am referring to is the read of idx on one side and
> > > >>>> the write to idx on the other. However that is incomplete and I need to
> > > >>>> pair that with some of other access on both sides.
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> So perhaps this:
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> Writer does flip + smp_mb + read unlock counts [1]
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> Reader does:
> > > >>>> read idx + smp_mb() + increment lock counts [2]
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> And subsequently reader does
> > > >>>> Smp_mb() + increment unlock count. [3]
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> So [1] races with either [2] or [2]+[3].
> > > >>>>
> > > >>>> Is that fair?
> > > >>>
> > > >>> That does look much better, thank you!
> > > >>
> > > >> Perhaps a comment with an ASCII diagram will help?
> > > >>
> > > >>
> > > >> Case 2:
> > > >> Both the reader and the updater see each other's writes too late, but because
> > > >> of memory barriers on both sides, they will eventually see each other's write
> > > >> with respect to their own. This is similar to the store-buffer problem. This
> > > >> let's a single reader contribute a maximum (unlock minus lock) imbalance of 2.
> > > >>
> > > >> The following diagram shows the subtle worst case followed by a simplified
> > > >> store-buffer explanation.
> > > >>
> > > >> READER                  UPDATER
> > > >> -------------           ----------
> > > >>                           // idx is initially 0.
> > > >> read_lock() {
> > > >>  READ(idx) = 0;
> > > >>  lock[0]++; --------------------------------------------,
> > > >>                           flip() {                      |
> > > >>                              smp_mb();                  |
> > > >>  smp_mb();                                              |
> > > >> }                                                        |
> > > >>                                                         |
> > > >> // RSCS                                                  |
> > > >>                                                         |
> > > >> read_unlock() {                                          |
> > > >>  smp_mb();                                              |
> > > >>                              idx++;  // P               |
> > > >>                              smp_mb();                  |
> > > >>                           }                             |
> > > >>                                                         |
> > > >>                           scan_readers_idx(0) {         |
> > > >>                               count all unlock[0];      |
> > > >>                                   |                     |
> > > >>                                   |                     |
> > > >>  unlock[0]++; //X <--not-counted--`-----,               |
> > > >>                                         |               |
> > > >> }                                        V               `------,
> > > >>                               // Will make sure next scan      |
> > > >>                               // will not miss this unlock (X) |
> > > >>                               // if other side saw flip (P) ,--`
> > > >>                               // Call this MB [1]           |
> > > >>                               // Order write(idx) with      |
> > > >>                               // next scan's unlock.        |
> > > >>                               smp_mb();                 ,---`
> > > >> read_lock() {                                            |
> > > >>  READ(idx)=0;                                           |
> > > >>  lock[0]++; ----------------> count all lock[0];        |
> > > >>  smp_mb();         |     }                              |
> > > >> }     |             |                                    V
> > > >>      |             `---> // Incorrect contribution to lock counting
> > > >>      |                   // upto a maximum of 2 times.
> > > >>      |
> > > >>       `---> // Pairs with MB [1]. Makes sure that
> > > >>             // the next read_lock()'s' idx read (Y) is ordered
> > > >>             // with above write to unlock[0] (X).
> > > >>                            |
> > > >> rcu_read_unlock() {         |
> > > >>  smp_mb(); <---------------`
> > > >>  unlock[0]++;
> > > >> }
> > > >>
> > > >> read_lock() {
> > > >>  READ(idx) = 1; //Y
> > > >>  lock[1]++;
> > > >>  ...
> > > >> }
> > > >>                           scan_readers_idx(0) {
> > > >>                               count all unlock[0]; //Q
> > > >>                               ...
> > > >>
> > > >>
> > > >> thanks,
> > > >>
> > > >> - Joel
> > > >>
> > > >>                          }
> > > >>
> > > >> This makes it similar to the store buffer pattern. Using X, Y, P and Q
> > > >> annotated above, we get:
> > > >>
> > > >> READER                    UPDATER
> > > >> X (write)                 P (write)
> > > >>
> > > >> smp_mb();                 smp_mb();
> > > >>
> > > >> Y (read)                  Q (read)
> > > >
> > > > Given that this diagram is more than 50 lines long, it might go better in
> > > > a design document describing this part of RCU.  Perhaps less detail or
> > > > segmented, but the same general idea as this guy:
> > > >
> > > > Documentation/RCU/Design/Memory-Ordering/Tree-RCU-Memory-Ordering.rst
> > >
> > > Yes, this sounds like a good place to add it and perhaps we refer to it from the C source file? I can take this up to do over the holidays, if you prefer.
> > >
> > > Thanks,
> > >
> > >   - Joel
> > >
> > >
> > > >
> > > > Thoughts?
> > > >
> > > >                        Thanx, Paul