Date:   Thu, 2 Mar 2023 16:46:30 +0000
From:   "Dr. David Alan Gilbert" <dgilbert@redhat.com>
To:     Suzuki K Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
Cc:     linux-coco@lists.linux.dev, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
        kvm@vger.kernel.org, kvmarm@lists.linux.dev,
        linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org,
        Alexandru Elisei <alexandru.elisei@arm.com>,
        Andrew Jones <andrew.jones@linux.dev>,
        Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>,
        Chao Peng <chao.p.peng@linux.intel.com>,
        Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@arm.com>,
        Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>,
        James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>,
        Jean-Philippe Brucker <jean-philippe@linaro.org>,
        Joey Gouly <Joey.Gouly@arm.com>, Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>,
        Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>,
        Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>,
        Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>,
        Quentin Perret <qperret@google.com>,
        Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>,
        Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>,
        Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>, Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>,
        Zenghui Yu <yuzenghui@huawei.com>, kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu
Subject: Re: [RFC] Support for Arm CCA VMs on Linux
Message-ID: <ZADS5qMWoTy/uC6r@work-vm>
References: <20230127112248.136810-1-suzuki.poulose@arm.com>
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 <fa49dcf2-00a0-660d-cdcd-bbb6db02bcd0@arm.com>
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* Suzuki K Poulose (suzuki.poulose@arm.com) wrote:
> Hi Dave
> 
> Thanks for your response, and apologies for the delay. Response, in line.
> 
> On 14/02/2023 17:13, Dr. David Alan Gilbert wrote:
> > * Suzuki K Poulose (suzuki.poulose@arm.com) wrote:
> > > We are happy to announce the early RFC version of the Arm
> > > Confidential Compute Architecture (CCA) support for the Linux
> > > stack. The intention is to seek early feedback in the following areas:
> > >   * KVM integration of the Arm CCA
> > >   * KVM UABI for managing the Realms, seeking to generalise the operations
> > >     wherever possible with other Confidential Compute solutions.
> > >     Note: This version doesn't support Guest Private memory, which will be added
> > >     later (see below).
> > >   * Linux Guest support for Realms
> > > 
> > > Arm CCA Introduction
> > > =====================
> > > 
> > > The Arm CCA is a reference software architecture and implementation that builds
> > > on the Realm Management Extension (RME), enabling the execution of Virtual
> > > machines, while preventing access by more privileged software, such as hypervisor.
> > > The Arm CCA allows the hypervisor to control the VM, but removes the right for
> > > access to the code, register state or data that is used by VM.
> > > More information on the architecture is available here[0].
> > > 
> > >      Arm CCA Reference Software Architecture
> > > 
> > >          Realm World    ||    Normal World   ||  Secure World  ||
> > >                         ||        |          ||                ||
> > >   EL0 x-------x         || x----x | x------x ||                ||
> > >       | Realm |         || |    | | |      | ||                ||
> > >       |       |         || | VM | | |      | ||                ||
> > >   ----|  VM*  |---------||-|    |---|      |-||----------------||
> > >       |       |         || |    | | |  H   | ||                ||
> > >   EL1 x-------x         || x----x | |      | ||                ||
> > >           ^             ||        | |  o   | ||                ||
> > >           |             ||        | |      | ||                ||
> > >   ------- R*------------------------|  s  -|---------------------
> > >           S             ||          |      | ||                ||
> > >           I             ||          |  t   | ||                ||
> > >           |             ||          |      | ||                ||
> > >           v             ||          x------x ||                ||
> > >   EL2    RMM*           ||              ^    ||                ||
> > >           ^             ||              |    ||                ||
> > >   ========|=============================|========================
> > >           |                             | SMC
> > >           x--------- *RMI* -------------x
> > > 
> > >   EL3                   Root World
> > >                         EL3 Firmware
> > >   ===============================================================
> > > Where :
> > >   RMM - Realm Management Monitor
> > >   RMI - Realm Management Interface
> > >   RSI - Realm Service Interface
> > >   SMC - Secure Monitor Call
> > 
> > Hi,
> >    It's nice to see this full stack posted - thanks!
> > 
> > Are there any pointers to information on attestation and similar
> > measurement things?  In particular, are there any plans for a vTPM
> 
> The RMM v1.0 provides attestation and measurement services to the Realm,
> via Realm Service Interface (RSI) calls.

Can you point me at some docs for that?

> However, there is no support
> for partitioning the Realm VM with v1.0. This is currently under
> development and should be available in the near future.
> 
> With that in place, a vTPM could reside in a partition of the Realm VM along
> side the OS in another. Does that answer your question ?

Possibly; it would be great to be able to use a standard vTPM interface
here rather than have to do anything special.  People already have this
working on AMD SEV-SNP.

Dave

> Kind regards
> Suzuki
> 
> 
> > for Realms - if there were, it would make life easy for us, since we
> > can share some user space stuff with other CoCo systems.
> > 
> > Dave
> > 
> > > RME introduces a new security state "Realm world", in addition to the
> > > traditional Secure and Non-Secure states. The Arm CCA defines a new component,
> > > Realm Management Monitor (RMM) that runs at R-EL2. This is a standard piece of
> > > firmware, verified, installed and loaded by the EL3 firmware (e.g, TF-A), at
> > > system boot.
> > > 
> > > The RMM provides standard interfaces - Realm Management Interface (RMI) - to the
> > > Normal world hypervisor to manage the VMs running in the Realm world (also called
> > > Realms in short). These are exposed via SMC and are routed through the EL3
> > > firmwre.
> > > The RMI interface includes:
> > >    - Move a physical page from the Normal world to the Realm world
> > >    - Creating a Realm with requested parameters, tracked via Realm Descriptor (RD)
> > >    - Creating VCPUs aka Realm Execution Context (REC), with initial register state.
> > >    - Create stage2 translation table at any level.
> > >    - Load initial images into Realm Memory from normal world memory
> > >    - Schedule RECs (vCPUs) and handle exits
> > >    - Inject virtual interrupts into the Realm
> > >    - Service stage2 runtime faults with pages (provided by host, scrubbed by RMM).
> > >    - Create "shared" mappings that can be accessed by VMM/Hyp.
> > >    - Reclaim the memory allocated for the RAM and RTTs (Realm Translation Tables)
> > > 
> > > However v1.0 of RMM specifications doesn't support:
> > >   - Paging protected memory of a Realm VM. Thus the pages backing the protected
> > >     memory region must be pinned.
> > >   - Live migration of Realms.
> > >   - Trusted Device assignment.
> > >   - Physical interrupt backed Virtual interrupts for Realms
> > > 
> > > RMM also provides certain services to the Realms via SMC, called Realm Service
> > > Interface (RSI). These include:
> > >   - Realm Guest Configuration.
> > >   - Attestation & Measurement services
> > >   - Managing the state of an Intermediate Physical Address (IPA aka GPA) page.
> > >   - Host Call service (Communication with the Normal world Hypervisor)
> > > 
> > > The specifications for the RMM software is currently at *v1.0-Beta2* and the
> > > latest version is available here [1].
> > > 
> > > The Trusted Firmware foundation has an implementation of the RMM - TF-RMM -
> > > available here [3].
> > > 
> > > Implementation
> > > =================
> > > 
> > > This version of the stack is based on the RMM specification v1.0-Beta0[2], with
> > > following exceptions :
> > >    - TF-RMM/KVM currently doesn't support the optional features of PMU,
> > >       SVE and Self-hosted debug (coming soon).
> > >    - The RSI_HOST_CALL structure alignment requirement is reduced to match
> > >       RMM v1.0 Beta1
> > >    - RMI/RSI version numbers do not match the RMM spec. This will be
> > >      resolved once the spec/implementation is complete, across TF-RMM+Linux stack.
> > > 
> > > We plan to update the stack to support the latest version of the RMMv1.0 spec
> > > in the coming revisions.
> > > 
> > > This release includes the following components :
> > > 
> > >   a) Linux Kernel
> > >       i) Host / KVM support - Support for driving the Realms via RMI. This is
> > >       dependent on running in the Kernel at EL2 (aka VHE mode). Also provides
> > >       UABI for VMMs to manage the Realm VMs. The support is restricted to 4K page
> > >       size, matching the Stage2 granule supported by RMM. The VMM is responsible
> > >       for making sure the guest memory is locked.
> > > 
> > >         TODO: Guest Private memory[10] integration - We have been following the
> > >         series and support will be added once it is merged upstream.
> > >       ii) Guest support - Support for a Linux Kernel to run in the Realm VM at
> > >       Realm-EL1, using RSI services. This includes virtio support (virtio-v1.0
> > >       only). All I/O are treated as non-secure/shared.
> > >   c) kvmtool - VMM changes required to manage Realm VMs. No guest private memory
> > >      as mentioned above.
> > >   d) kvm-unit-tests - Support for running in Realms along with additional tests
> > >      for RSI ABI.
> > > 
> > > Running the stack
> > > ====================
> > > 
> > > To run/test the stack, you would need the following components :
> > > 
> > > 1) FVP Base AEM RevC model with FEAT_RME support [4]
> > > 2) TF-A firmware for EL3 [5]
> > > 3) TF-A RMM for R-EL2 [3]
> > > 4) Linux Kernel [6]
> > > 5) kvmtool [7]
> > > 6) kvm-unit-tests [8]
> > > 
> > > Instructions for building the firmware components and running the model are
> > > available here [9]. Once, the host kernel is booted, a Realm can be launched by
> > > invoking the `lkvm` commad as follows:
> > > 
> > >   $ lkvm run --realm 				 \
> > > 	 --measurement-algo=["sha256", "sha512"] \
> > > 	 --disable-sve				 \
> > > 	 <normal-vm-options>
> > > 
> > > Where:
> > >   * --measurement-algo (Optional) specifies the algorithm selected for creating the
> > >     initial measurements by the RMM for this Realm (defaults to sha256).
> > >   * GICv3 is mandatory for the Realms.
> > >   * SVE is not yet supported in the TF-RMM, and thus must be disabled using
> > >     --disable-sve
> > > 
> > > You may also run the kvm-unit-tests inside the Realm world, using the similar
> > > options as above.
> > > 
> > > 
> > > Links
> > > ============
> > > 
> > > [0] Arm CCA Landing page (See Key Resources section for various documentations)
> > >      https://www.arm.com/architecture/security-features/arm-confidential-compute-architecture
> > > 
> > > [1] RMM Specification Latest
> > >      https://developer.arm.com/documentation/den0137/latest
> > > 
> > > [2] RMM v1.0-Beta0 specification
> > >      https://developer.arm.com/documentation/den0137/1-0bet0/
> > > 
> > > [3] Trusted Firmware RMM - TF-RMM
> > >      https://www.trustedfirmware.org/projects/tf-rmm/
> > >      GIT: https://git.trustedfirmware.org/TF-RMM/tf-rmm.git
> > > 
> > > [4] FVP Base RevC AEM Model (available on x86_64 / Arm64 Linux)
> > >      https://developer.arm.com/Tools%20and%20Software/Fixed%20Virtual%20Platforms
> > > 
> > > [5] Trusted Firmware for A class
> > >      https://www.trustedfirmware.org/projects/tf-a/
> > > 
> > > [6] Linux kernel support for Arm-CCA
> > >      https://gitlab.arm.com/linux-arm/linux-cca
> > >      Host Support branch:	cca-host/rfc-v1
> > >      Guest Support branch:	cca-guest/rfc-v1
> > > 
> > > [7] kvmtool support for Arm CCA
> > >      https://gitlab.arm.com/linux-arm/kvmtool-cca cca/rfc-v1
> > > 
> > > [8] kvm-unit-tests support for Arm CCA
> > >      https://gitlab.arm.com/linux-arm/kvm-unit-tests-cca  cca/rfc-v1
> > > 
> > > [9] Instructions for Building Firmware components and running the model, see
> > >      section 4.19.2 "Building and running TF-A with RME"
> > >      https://trustedfirmware-a.readthedocs.io/en/latest/components/realm-management-extension.html#building-and-running-tf-a-with-rme
> > > 
> > > [10] fd based Guest Private memory for KVM
> > >     https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221202061347.1070246-1-chao.p.peng@linux.intel.com
> > > 
> > > Cc: Alexandru Elisei <alexandru.elisei@arm.com>
> > > Cc: Andrew Jones <andrew.jones@linux.dev>
> > > Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
> > > Cc: Chao Peng <chao.p.peng@linux.intel.com>
> > > Cc: Christoffer Dall <christoffer.dall@arm.com>
> > > Cc: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
> > > Cc: James Morse <james.morse@arm.com>
> > > Cc: Jean-Philippe Brucker <jean-philippe@linaro.org>
> > > Cc: Joey Gouly <Joey.Gouly@arm.com>
> > > Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
> > > Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
> > > Cc: Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>
> > > Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
> > > Cc: Quentin Perret <qperret@google.com>
> > > Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
> > > Cc: Steven Price <steven.price@arm.com>
> > > Cc: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
> > > Cc: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
> > > Cc: Zenghui Yu <yuzenghui@huawei.com>
> > > To: linux-coco@lists.linux.dev
> > > To: kvmarm@lists.linux.dev
> > > Cc: kvmarm@lists.cs.columbia.edu
> > > Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
> > > To: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
> > > To: kvm@vger.kernel.org
> > > 
> 
-- 
Dr. David Alan Gilbert / dgilbert@redhat.com / Manchester, UK