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Date:   Wed, 22 Mar 2023 11:06:04 -0700
From:   "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org>
To:     Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>
Cc:     linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-arch@vger.kernel.org,
        kernel-team@meta.com, mingo@kernel.org, stern@rowland.harvard.edu,
        will@kernel.org, peterz@infradead.org, boqun.feng@gmail.com,
        npiggin@gmail.com, dhowells@redhat.com, j.alglave@ucl.ac.uk,
        luc.maranget@inria.fr, akiyks@gmail.com,
        Jonas Oberhauser <jonas.oberhauser@huaweicloud.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH memory-model 2/8] tools/memory-model: Unify UNLOCK+LOCK
 pairings to po-unlock-lock-po
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On Wed, Mar 22, 2023 at 01:59:00AM +0100, Andrea Parri wrote:
> On Mon, Mar 20, 2023 at 06:02:40PM -0700, Paul E. McKenney wrote:
> > From: Jonas Oberhauser <jonas.oberhauser@huaweicloud.com>
> > 
> > LKMM uses two relations for talking about UNLOCK+LOCK pairings:
> > 
> > 	1) po-unlock-lock-po, which handles UNLOCK+LOCK pairings
> > 	   on the same CPU or immediate lock handovers on the same
> > 	   lock variable
> > 
> > 	2) po;[UL];(co|po);[LKW];po, which handles UNLOCK+LOCK pairs
> > 	   literally as described in rcupdate.h#L1002, i.e., even
> > 	   after a sequence of handovers on the same lock variable.
> > 
> > The latter relation is used only once, to provide the guarantee
> > defined in rcupdate.h#L1002 by smp_mb__after_unlock_lock(), which
> > makes any UNLOCK+LOCK pair followed by the fence behave like a full
> > barrier.
> > 
> > This patch drops this use in favor of using po-unlock-lock-po
> > everywhere, which unifies the way the model talks about UNLOCK+LOCK
> > pairings.  At first glance this seems to weaken the guarantee given
> > by LKMM: When considering a long sequence of lock handovers
> > such as below, where P0 hands the lock to P1, which hands it to P2,
> > which finally executes such an after_unlock_lock fence, the mb
> > relation currently links any stores in the critical section of P0
> > to instructions P2 executes after its fence, but not so after the
> > patch.
> > 
> > P0(int *x, int *y, spinlock_t *mylock)
> > {
> >         spin_lock(mylock);
> >         WRITE_ONCE(*x, 2);
> >         spin_unlock(mylock);
> >         WRITE_ONCE(*y, 1);
> > }
> > 
> > P1(int *y, int *z, spinlock_t *mylock)
> > {
> >         int r0 = READ_ONCE(*y); // reads 1
> >         spin_lock(mylock);
> >         spin_unlock(mylock);
> >         WRITE_ONCE(*z,1);
> > }
> > 
> > P2(int *z, int *d, spinlock_t *mylock)
> > {
> >         int r1 = READ_ONCE(*z); // reads 1
> >         spin_lock(mylock);
> >         spin_unlock(mylock);
> >         smp_mb__after_unlock_lock();
> >         WRITE_ONCE(*d,1);
> > }
> > 
> > P3(int *x, int *d)
> > {
> >         WRITE_ONCE(*d,2);
> >         smp_mb();
> >         WRITE_ONCE(*x,1);
> > }
> > 
> > exists (1:r0=1 /\ 2:r1=1 /\ x=2 /\ d=2)
> > 
> > Nevertheless, the ordering guarantee given in rcupdate.h is actually
> > not weakened.  This is because the unlock operations along the
> > sequence of handovers are A-cumulative fences.  They ensure that any
> > stores that propagate to the CPU performing the first unlock
> > operation in the sequence must also propagate to every CPU that
> > performs a subsequent lock operation in the sequence.  Therefore any
> > such stores will also be ordered correctly by the fence even if only
> > the final handover is considered a full barrier.
> > 
> > Indeed this patch does not affect the behaviors allowed by LKMM at
> > all.  The mb relation is used to define ordering through:
> > 1) mb/.../ppo/hb, where the ordering is subsumed by hb+ where the
> >    lock-release, rfe, and unlock-acquire orderings each provide hb
> > 2) mb/strong-fence/cumul-fence/prop, where the rfe and A-cumulative
> >    lock-release orderings simply add more fine-grained cumul-fence
> >    edges to substitute a single strong-fence edge provided by a long
> >    lock handover sequence
> > 3) mb/strong-fence/pb and various similar uses in the definition of
> >    data races, where as discussed above any long handover sequence
> >    can be turned into a sequence of cumul-fence edges that provide
> >    the same ordering.
> > 
> > Signed-off-by: Jonas Oberhauser <jonas.oberhauser@huaweicloud.com>
> > Reviewed-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
> > Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
> 
> Looks like after-unlock-lock has just won the single fattest inline comment
> in linux-kernel.cat.  :-)
> 
> Acked-by: Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>

Thank you!  I will apply these tags (1, 2, and 4) on my next rebase.

							Thanx, Paul

>   Andrea
> 
> 
> > ---
> >  tools/memory-model/linux-kernel.cat | 15 +++++++++++++--
> >  1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
> > 
> > diff --git a/tools/memory-model/linux-kernel.cat b/tools/memory-model/linux-kernel.cat
> > index 07f884f9b2bf..6e531457bb73 100644
> > --- a/tools/memory-model/linux-kernel.cat
> > +++ b/tools/memory-model/linux-kernel.cat
> > @@ -37,8 +37,19 @@ let mb = ([M] ; fencerel(Mb) ; [M]) |
> >  	([M] ; fencerel(Before-atomic) ; [RMW] ; po? ; [M]) |
> >  	([M] ; po? ; [RMW] ; fencerel(After-atomic) ; [M]) |
> >  	([M] ; po? ; [LKW] ; fencerel(After-spinlock) ; [M]) |
> > -	([M] ; po ; [UL] ; (co | po) ; [LKW] ;
> > -		fencerel(After-unlock-lock) ; [M])
> > +(*
> > + * Note: The po-unlock-lock-po relation only passes the lock to the direct
> > + * successor, perhaps giving the impression that the ordering of the
> > + * smp_mb__after_unlock_lock() fence only affects a single lock handover.
> > + * However, in a longer sequence of lock handovers, the implicit
> > + * A-cumulative release fences of lock-release ensure that any stores that
> > + * propagate to one of the involved CPUs before it hands over the lock to
> > + * the next CPU will also propagate to the final CPU handing over the lock
> > + * to the CPU that executes the fence.  Therefore, all those stores are
> > + * also affected by the fence.
> > + *)
> > +	([M] ; po-unlock-lock-po ;
> > +		[After-unlock-lock] ; po ; [M])
> >  let gp = po ; [Sync-rcu | Sync-srcu] ; po?
> >  let strong-fence = mb | gp
> >  
> > -- 
> > 2.40.0.rc2
> >