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From:   Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Date:   Tue, 25 Apr 2023 20:32:57 -0400
Message-ID: <CAEXW_YQJowYrF2A=f2NOKNNjL6qZH6LzghBxt7VnJFgg-i1zgg@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: BUG : PowerPC RCU: torture test failed with __stack_chk_fail
To:     Zhouyi Zhou <zhouzhouyi@gmail.com>
Cc:     Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>,
        Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>,
        Segher Boessenkool <segher@kernel.crashing.org>,
        Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>,
        linuxppc-dev <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>,
        rcu <rcu@vger.kernel.org>,
        linux-kernel <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
        "lance@osuosl.org" <lance@osuosl.org>,
        "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org>
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On Tue, Apr 25, 2023 at 9:50=E2=80=AFAM Zhouyi Zhou <zhouzhouyi@gmail.com> =
wrote:
>
> Hi
>
> On Tue, Apr 25, 2023 at 9:40=E2=80=AFPM Christophe Leroy
> <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu> wrote:
> >
> >
> >
> > Le 25/04/2023 =C3=A0 13:06, Joel Fernandes a =C3=A9crit :
> > > On Tue, Apr 25, 2023 at 6:58=E2=80=AFAM Zhouyi Zhou <zhouzhouyi@gmail=
.com> wrote:
> > >>
> > >> hi
> > >>
> > >> On Tue, Apr 25, 2023 at 6:13=E2=80=AFPM Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infra=
dead.org> wrote:
> > >>>
> > >>> On Mon, Apr 24, 2023 at 02:55:11PM -0400, Joel Fernandes wrote:
> > >>>> This is amazing debugging Boqun, like a boss! One comment below:
> > >>>>
> > >>>>>>> Or something simple I haven't thought of? :)
> > >>>>>>
> > >>>>>> At what points can r13 change?  Only when some particular functi=
ons are
> > >>>>>> called?
> > >>>>>>
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>> r13 is the local paca:
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>>          register struct paca_struct *local_paca asm("r13");
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>> , which is a pointer to percpu data.
> > >>>>>
> > >>>>> So if a task schedule from one CPU to anotehr CPU, the value gets
> > >>>>> changed.
> > >>>>
> > >>>> It appears the whole issue, per your analysis, is that the stack
> > >>>> checking code in gcc should not cache or alias r13, and must read =
its
> > >>>> most up-to-date value during stack checking, as its value may have
> > >>>> changed during a migration to a new CPU.
> > >>>>
> > >>>> Did I get that right?
> > >>>>
> > >>>> IMO, even without a reproducer, gcc on PPC should just not do that=
,
> > >>>> that feels terribly broken for the kernel. I wonder what clang doe=
s,
> > >>>> I'll go poke around with compilerexplorer after lunch.
> > >>>>
> > >>>> Adding +Peter Zijlstra as well to join the party as I have a feeli=
ng
> > >>>> he'll be interested. ;-)
> > >>>
> > >>> I'm a little confused; the way I understand the whole stack protect=
or
> > >>> thing to work is that we push a canary on the stack at call and on
> > >>> return check it is still valid. Since in general tasks randomly mig=
rate,
> > >>> the per-cpu validation canary should be the same on all CPUs.
> > >>>
> > >>> Additionally, the 'new' __srcu_read_{,un}lock_nmisafe() functions u=
se
> > >>> raw_cpu_ptr() to get 'a' percpu sdp, preferably that of the local c=
pu,
> > >>> but no guarantees.
> > >>>
> > >>> Both cases use r13 (paca) in a racy manner, and in both cases it sh=
ould
> > >>> be safe.
> > >> New test results today: both gcc build from git (git clone
> > >> git://gcc.gnu.org/git/gcc.git) and Ubuntu 22.04 gcc-12.1.0
> > >> are immune from the above issue. We can see the assembly code on
> > >> http://140.211.169.189/0425/srcu_gp_start_if_needed-gcc-12.txt
> > >>
> > >> while
> > >> Both native gcc on PPC vm (gcc version 9.4.0), and gcc cross compile=
r
> > >> on my x86 laptop (gcc version 10.4.0) will reproduce the bug.
> > >
> > > Do you know what fixes the issue? I would not declare victory yet. My
> > > feeling is something changes in timing, or compiler codegen which
> > > hides the issue. So the issue is still there but it is just a matter
> > > of time before someone else reports it.
> > >
> > > Out of curiosity for PPC folks, why cannot 64-bit PPC use per-task
> > > canary? Michael, is this an optimization? Adding Christophe as well
> > > since it came in a few years ago via the following commit:
> >
> > It uses per-task canary. But unlike PPC32, PPC64 doesn't have a fixed
> > register pointing to 'current' at all time so the canary is copied into
> > a per-cpu struct during _switch().
> >
> > If GCC keeps an old value of the per-cpu struct pointer, it then gets
> > the canary from the wrong CPU struct so from a different task.
> This is a fruitful learning process for me!

Nice work Zhouyi..

> Christophe:
> Do you think there is still a need to bisect GCC ? If so, I am very
> glad to continue

my 2 cents: It would be good to write a reproducer that Segher
suggested (but that might be hard since you depend on the compiler to
cache the r13 -- maybe some trial/error with CompilerExplorer will
give you the magic recipe?).

If I understand Christophe correctly, the issue requires the following
ingredients:
1. Task A is running on CPU 1, and the task's canary is copied into
the CPU1's per-cpu area pointed to by r13.
2. r13 is now cached into r10 in the offending function due to the compiler=
.
3. Task A running on CPU 1 now gets preempted right in the middle of
the offending SRCU function and gets migrated to CPU 2.
4.  CPU 2's per-cpu canary is updated to that of task A since task A
is the current task now.
5. Task B now runs on CPU 1 and the per-cpu canary on CPU 1 is now that of =
B.
6. Task A exits the function, but stack checking code reads r10 which
contains CPU 1's canary which is that of task B!
7. Boom.

So the issue is precisely in #2.  The issue is in the compiler that it
does not treat r13 as volatile as Boqun had initially mentioned.

 - Joel


>
> Cheers
> Zhouyi
> >
> > Christophe
> >
> > >
> > > commit 06ec27aea9fc84d9c6d879eb64b5bcf28a8a1eb7
> > > Author: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
> > > Date:   Thu Sep 27 07:05:55 2018 +0000
> > >
> > >      powerpc/64: add stack protector support
> > >
> > >      On PPC64, as register r13 points to the paca_struct at all time,
> > >      this patch adds a copy of the canary there, which is copied at
> > >      task_switch.
> > >      That new canary is then used by using the following GCC options:
> > >      -mstack-protector-guard=3Dtls
> > >      -mstack-protector-guard-reg=3Dr13
> > >      -mstack-protector-guard-offset=3Doffsetof(struct paca_struct, ca=
nary))
> > >
> > >      Signed-off-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@c-s.fr>
> > >      Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
> > >
> > >   - Joel