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From:   Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
To:     Stephen Boyd <sboyd@kernel.org>,
        Tomasz Figa <tomasz.figa@gmail.com>,
        Sylwester Nawrocki <s.nawrocki@samsung.com>,
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        Kai-Heng Feng <kai.heng.feng@canonical.com>,
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        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>,
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Cc:     linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org,
        linux-renesas-soc@vger.kernel.org, linux-pm@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
        Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Subject: [PATCH v2 1/2] iopoll: Call cpu_relax() in busy loops
Date:   Wed, 10 May 2023 15:23:13 +0200
Message-Id: <fe235a1f65bb6c86d2afcdf52d85f80ae728dcc5.1683722688.git.geert+renesas@glider.be>
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It is considered good practice to call cpu_relax() in busy loops, see
Documentation/process/volatile-considered-harmful.rst.  This can not
only lower CPU power consumption or yield to a hyperthreaded twin
processor, but also allows an architecture to mitigate hardware issues
(e.g. ARM Erratum 754327 for Cortex-A9 prior to r2p0) in the
architecture-specific cpu_relax() implementation.

In addition, cpu_relax() is also a compiler barrier.  It is not
immediately obvious that the @op argument "function" will result in an
actual function call (e.g. in case of inlining).

Where a function call is a C sequence point, this is lost on inlining.
Therefore, with agressive enough optimization it might be possible for
the compiler to hoist the:

        (val) = op(args);

"load" out of the loop because it doesn't see the value changing. The
addition of cpu_relax() would inhibit this.

As the iopoll helpers lack calls to cpu_relax(), people are sometimes
reluctant to use them, and may fall back to open-coded polling loops
(including cpu_relax() calls) instead.

Fix this by adding calls to cpu_relax() to the iopoll helpers:
  - For the non-atomic case, it is sufficient to call cpu_relax() in
    case of a zero sleep-between-reads value, as a call to
    usleep_range() is a safe barrier otherwise.  However, it doesn't
    hurt to add the call regardless, for simplicity, and for similarity
    with the atomic case below.
  - For the atomic case, cpu_relax() must be called regardless of the
    sleep-between-reads value, as there is no guarantee all
    architecture-specific implementations of udelay() handle this.

Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
---
v2:
  - Add Acked-by,
  - Add compiler barrier and inlining explanation (thanks, Peter!).
---
 include/linux/iopoll.h | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/include/linux/iopoll.h b/include/linux/iopoll.h
index 2c8860e406bd8cae..0417360a6db9b0d6 100644
--- a/include/linux/iopoll.h
+++ b/include/linux/iopoll.h
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 		} \
 		if (__sleep_us) \
 			usleep_range((__sleep_us >> 2) + 1, __sleep_us); \
+		cpu_relax(); \
 	} \
 	(cond) ? 0 : -ETIMEDOUT; \
 })
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@
 		} \
 		if (__delay_us) \
 			udelay(__delay_us); \
+		cpu_relax(); \
 	} \
 	(cond) ? 0 : -ETIMEDOUT; \
 })
-- 
2.34.1