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Date:   Thu, 20 Jul 2023 16:09:12 +0800
From:   Yuan Yao <yuan.yao@linux.intel.com>
To:     Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Cc:     Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>, Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>,
        Oliver Upton <oliver.upton@linux.dev>,
        Huacai Chen <chenhuacai@kernel.org>,
        Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>,
        Anup Patel <anup@brainfault.org>,
        Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>,
        Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@dabbelt.com>,
        Albert Ou <aou@eecs.berkeley.edu>,
        "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
        Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>,
        James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>,
        "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge@hallyn.com>, kvm@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org, kvmarm@lists.linux.dev,
        linux-mips@vger.kernel.org, linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org,
        kvm-riscv@lists.infradead.org, linux-riscv@lists.infradead.org,
        linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org,
        linux-security-module@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
        Chao Peng <chao.p.peng@linux.intel.com>,
        Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>,
        Jarkko Sakkinen <jarkko@kernel.org>,
        Yu Zhang <yu.c.zhang@linux.intel.com>,
        Vishal Annapurve <vannapurve@google.com>,
        Ackerley Tng <ackerleytng@google.com>,
        Maciej Szmigiero <mail@maciej.szmigiero.name>,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>,
        David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>,
        Quentin Perret <qperret@google.com>,
        Michael Roth <michael.roth@amd.com>,
        Wang <wei.w.wang@intel.com>,
        Liam Merwick <liam.merwick@oracle.com>,
        Isaku Yamahata <isaku.yamahata@gmail.com>,
        "Kirill A . Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Subject: Re: [RFC PATCH v11 08/29] KVM: Introduce per-page memory attributes
Message-ID: <20230720080912.g56zi5hywazrhnam@yy-desk-7060>
References: <20230718234512.1690985-1-seanjc@google.com>
 <20230718234512.1690985-9-seanjc@google.com>
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On Tue, Jul 18, 2023 at 04:44:51PM -0700, Sean Christopherson wrote:
> From: Chao Peng <chao.p.peng@linux.intel.com>
>
> In confidential computing usages, whether a page is private or shared is
> necessary information for KVM to perform operations like page fault
> handling, page zapping etc. There are other potential use cases for
> per-page memory attributes, e.g. to make memory read-only (or no-exec,
> or exec-only, etc.) without having to modify memslots.
>
> Introduce two ioctls (advertised by KVM_CAP_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES) to allow
> userspace to operate on the per-page memory attributes.
>   - KVM_SET_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES to set the per-page memory attributes to
>     a guest memory range.
>   - KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES to return the KVM supported
>     memory attributes.
>
> Use an xarray to store the per-page attributes internally, with a naive,
> not fully optimized implementation, i.e. prioritize correctness over
> performance for the initial implementation.
>
> Because setting memory attributes is roughly analogous to mprotect() on
> memory that is mapped into the guest, zap existing mappings prior to
> updating the memory attributes.  Opportunistically provide an arch hook
> for the post-set path (needed to complete invalidation anyways) in
> anticipation of x86 needing the hook to update metadata related to
> determining whether or not a given gfn can be backed with various sizes
> of hugepages.
>
> It's possible that future usages may not require an invalidation, e.g.
> if KVM ends up supporting RWX protections and userspace grants _more_
> protections, but again opt for simplicity and punt optimizations to
> if/when they are needed.
>
> Suggested-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/Y2WB48kD0J4VGynX@google.com
> Cc: Fuad Tabba <tabba@google.com>
> Signed-off-by: Chao Peng <chao.p.peng@linux.intel.com>
> Co-developed-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
> Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
> ---
>  Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst |  60 ++++++++++++
>  include/linux/kvm_host.h       |  14 +++
>  include/uapi/linux/kvm.h       |  14 +++
>  virt/kvm/Kconfig               |   4 +
>  virt/kvm/kvm_main.c            | 170 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>  5 files changed, 262 insertions(+)
>
> diff --git a/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst b/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst
> index 34d4ce66e0c8..0ca8561775ac 100644
> --- a/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/virt/kvm/api.rst
> @@ -6068,6 +6068,56 @@ writes to the CNTVCT_EL0 and CNTPCT_EL0 registers using the SET_ONE_REG
>  interface. No error will be returned, but the resulting offset will not be
>  applied.
>
> +4.139 KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES
> +-----------------------------------------
> +
> +:Capability: KVM_CAP_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES
> +:Architectures: x86
> +:Type: vm ioctl
> +:Parameters: u64 memory attributes bitmask(out)
> +:Returns: 0 on success, <0 on error
> +
> +Returns supported memory attributes bitmask. Supported memory attributes will
> +have the corresponding bits set in u64 memory attributes bitmask.
> +
> +The following memory attributes are defined::
> +
> +  #define KVM_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTE_PRIVATE           (1ULL << 3)
> +
> +4.140 KVM_SET_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES
> +-----------------------------------------
> +
> +:Capability: KVM_CAP_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES
> +:Architectures: x86
> +:Type: vm ioctl
> +:Parameters: struct kvm_memory_attributes(in/out)
> +:Returns: 0 on success, <0 on error
> +
> +Sets memory attributes for pages in a guest memory range. Parameters are
> +specified via the following structure::
> +
> +  struct kvm_memory_attributes {
> +	__u64 address;
> +	__u64 size;
> +	__u64 attributes;
> +	__u64 flags;
> +  };
> +
> +The user sets the per-page memory attributes to a guest memory range indicated
> +by address/size, and in return KVM adjusts address and size to reflect the
> +actual pages of the memory range have been successfully set to the attributes.
> +If the call returns 0, "address" is updated to the last successful address + 1
> +and "size" is updated to the remaining address size that has not been set
> +successfully. The user should check the return value as well as the size to
> +decide if the operation succeeded for the whole range or not. The user may want
> +to retry the operation with the returned address/size if the previous range was
> +partially successful.
> +
> +Both address and size should be page aligned and the supported attributes can be
> +retrieved with KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES.
> +
> +The "flags" field may be used for future extensions and should be set to 0s.
> +
>  5. The kvm_run structure
>  ========================
>
> @@ -8494,6 +8544,16 @@ block sizes is exposed in KVM_CAP_ARM_SUPPORTED_BLOCK_SIZES as a
>  64-bit bitmap (each bit describing a block size). The default value is
>  0, to disable the eager page splitting.
>
> +8.41 KVM_CAP_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES
> +------------------------------
> +
> +:Capability: KVM_CAP_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES
> +:Architectures: x86
> +:Type: vm
> +
> +This capability indicates KVM supports per-page memory attributes and ioctls
> +KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES/KVM_SET_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES are available.
> +
>  9. Known KVM API problems
>  =========================
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/kvm_host.h b/include/linux/kvm_host.h
> index e9ca49d451f3..97db63da6227 100644
> --- a/include/linux/kvm_host.h
> +++ b/include/linux/kvm_host.h
> @@ -264,6 +264,7 @@ struct kvm_gfn_range {
>  	gfn_t end;
>  	union {
>  		pte_t pte;
> +		unsigned long attributes;
>  		u64 raw;
>  	} arg;
>  	bool may_block;
> @@ -809,6 +810,9 @@ struct kvm {
>
>  #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_KVM_PM_NOTIFIER
>  	struct notifier_block pm_notifier;
> +#endif
> +#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GENERIC_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES
> +	struct xarray mem_attr_array;
>  #endif
>  	char stats_id[KVM_STATS_NAME_SIZE];
>  };
> @@ -2301,4 +2305,14 @@ static inline void kvm_account_pgtable_pages(void *virt, int nr)
>  /* Max number of entries allowed for each kvm dirty ring */
>  #define  KVM_DIRTY_RING_MAX_ENTRIES  65536
>
> +#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GENERIC_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES
> +static inline unsigned long kvm_get_memory_attributes(struct kvm *kvm, gfn_t gfn)
> +{
> +	return xa_to_value(xa_load(&kvm->mem_attr_array, gfn));
> +}
> +
> +bool kvm_arch_post_set_memory_attributes(struct kvm *kvm,
> +					 struct kvm_gfn_range *range);

Used but no definition in this patch, it's defined in next patch 09.
How about add weak version in this patch and let ARCHs to overide it ?

> +#endif /* CONFIG_KVM_GENERIC_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES */
> +
>  #endif
> diff --git a/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h b/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
> index 6c6ed214b6ac..f065c57db327 100644
> --- a/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
> +++ b/include/uapi/linux/kvm.h
> @@ -1211,6 +1211,7 @@ struct kvm_ppc_resize_hpt {
>  #define KVM_CAP_ARM_EAGER_SPLIT_CHUNK_SIZE 228
>  #define KVM_CAP_ARM_SUPPORTED_BLOCK_SIZES 229
>  #define KVM_CAP_USER_MEMORY2 230
> +#define KVM_CAP_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES 231
>
>  #ifdef KVM_CAP_IRQ_ROUTING
>
> @@ -2270,4 +2271,17 @@ struct kvm_s390_zpci_op {
>  /* flags for kvm_s390_zpci_op->u.reg_aen.flags */
>  #define KVM_S390_ZPCIOP_REGAEN_HOST    (1 << 0)
>
> +/* Available with KVM_CAP_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES */
> +#define KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES    _IOR(KVMIO,  0xd2, __u64)
> +#define KVM_SET_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES              _IOW(KVMIO,  0xd3, struct kvm_memory_attributes)
> +
> +struct kvm_memory_attributes {
> +	__u64 address;
> +	__u64 size;
> +	__u64 attributes;
> +	__u64 flags;
> +};
> +
> +#define KVM_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTE_PRIVATE           (1ULL << 3)
> +
>  #endif /* __LINUX_KVM_H */
> diff --git a/virt/kvm/Kconfig b/virt/kvm/Kconfig
> index 2fa11bd26cfc..8375bc49f97d 100644
> --- a/virt/kvm/Kconfig
> +++ b/virt/kvm/Kconfig
> @@ -99,3 +99,7 @@ config KVM_GENERIC_HARDWARE_ENABLING
>  config KVM_GENERIC_MMU_NOTIFIER
>         select MMU_NOTIFIER
>         bool
> +
> +config KVM_GENERIC_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES
> +       select KVM_GENERIC_MMU_NOTIFIER
> +       bool
> diff --git a/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c b/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
> index c14adf93daec..1a31bfa025b0 100644
> --- a/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
> +++ b/virt/kvm/kvm_main.c
> @@ -530,6 +530,7 @@ struct kvm_mmu_notifier_range {
>  	u64 end;
>  	union {
>  		pte_t pte;
> +		unsigned long attributes;
>  		u64 raw;
>  	} arg;
>  	gfn_handler_t handler;
> @@ -1175,6 +1176,9 @@ static struct kvm *kvm_create_vm(unsigned long type, const char *fdname)
>  	spin_lock_init(&kvm->mn_invalidate_lock);
>  	rcuwait_init(&kvm->mn_memslots_update_rcuwait);
>  	xa_init(&kvm->vcpu_array);
> +#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GENERIC_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES
> +	xa_init(&kvm->mem_attr_array);
> +#endif
>
>  	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&kvm->gpc_list);
>  	spin_lock_init(&kvm->gpc_lock);
> @@ -1346,6 +1350,9 @@ static void kvm_destroy_vm(struct kvm *kvm)
>  		kvm_free_memslots(kvm, &kvm->__memslots[i][0]);
>  		kvm_free_memslots(kvm, &kvm->__memslots[i][1]);
>  	}
> +#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GENERIC_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES
> +	xa_destroy(&kvm->mem_attr_array);
> +#endif
>  	cleanup_srcu_struct(&kvm->irq_srcu);
>  	cleanup_srcu_struct(&kvm->srcu);
>  	kvm_arch_free_vm(kvm);
> @@ -2346,6 +2353,145 @@ static int kvm_vm_ioctl_clear_dirty_log(struct kvm *kvm,
>  }
>  #endif /* CONFIG_KVM_GENERIC_DIRTYLOG_READ_PROTECT */
>
> +#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GENERIC_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES
> +static u64 kvm_supported_mem_attributes(struct kvm *kvm)
> +{
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static __always_inline void kvm_handle_gfn_range(struct kvm *kvm,
> +						 struct kvm_mmu_notifier_range *range)
> +{
> +	struct kvm_gfn_range gfn_range;
> +	struct kvm_memory_slot *slot;
> +	struct kvm_memslots *slots;
> +	struct kvm_memslot_iter iter;
> +	bool locked = false;
> +	bool ret = false;
> +	int i;
> +
> +	gfn_range.arg.raw = range->arg.raw;
> +	gfn_range.may_block = range->may_block;
> +
> +	for (i = 0; i < KVM_ADDRESS_SPACE_NUM; i++) {
> +		slots = __kvm_memslots(kvm, i);
> +
> +		kvm_for_each_memslot_in_gfn_range(&iter, slots, range->start, range->end) {
> +			slot = iter.slot;
> +			gfn_range.slot = slot;
> +
> +			gfn_range.start = max(range->start, slot->base_gfn);
> +			gfn_range.end = min(range->end, slot->base_gfn + slot->npages);
> +			if (gfn_range.start >= gfn_range.end)
> +				continue;
> +
> +			if (!locked) {
> +				locked = true;
> +				KVM_MMU_LOCK(kvm);
> +				if (!IS_KVM_NULL_FN(range->on_lock))
> +					range->on_lock(kvm);
> +			}
> +
> +			ret |= range->handler(kvm, &gfn_range);
> +		}
> +	}
> +
> +	if (range->flush_on_ret && ret)
> +		kvm_flush_remote_tlbs(kvm);
> +
> +	if (locked) {
> +		KVM_MMU_UNLOCK(kvm);
> +		if (!IS_KVM_NULL_FN(range->on_unlock))
> +			range->on_unlock(kvm);
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +static int kvm_vm_set_mem_attributes(struct kvm *kvm, unsigned long attributes,
> +				     gfn_t start, gfn_t end)
> +{
> +	struct kvm_mmu_notifier_range unmap_range = {
> +		.start = start,
> +		.end = end,
> +		.handler = kvm_mmu_unmap_gfn_range,
> +		.on_lock = kvm_mmu_invalidate_begin,
> +		.on_unlock = (void *)kvm_null_fn,
> +		.flush_on_ret = true,
> +		.may_block = true,
> +	};
> +	struct kvm_mmu_notifier_range post_set_range = {
> +		.start = start,
> +		.end = end,
> +		.arg.attributes = attributes,
> +		.handler = kvm_arch_post_set_memory_attributes,
> +		.on_lock = (void *)kvm_null_fn,
> +		.on_unlock = kvm_mmu_invalidate_end,
> +		.may_block = true,
> +	};
> +	unsigned long i;
> +	void *entry;
> +	int r;
> +
> +	entry = attributes ? xa_mk_value(attributes) : NULL;
> +
> +	mutex_lock(&kvm->slots_lock);
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Reserve memory ahead of time to avoid having to deal with failures
> +	 * partway through setting the new attributes.
> +	 */
> +	for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
> +		r = xa_reserve(&kvm->mem_attr_array, i, GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
> +		if (r)
> +			goto out_unlock;
> +	}
> +
> +	kvm_handle_gfn_range(kvm, &unmap_range);
> +
> +	for (i = start; i < end; i++) {
> +		r = xa_err(xa_store(&kvm->mem_attr_array, i, entry,
> +				    GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT));
> +		KVM_BUG_ON(r, kvm);
> +	}
> +
> +	kvm_handle_gfn_range(kvm, &post_set_range);
> +
> +out_unlock:
> +	mutex_unlock(&kvm->slots_lock);
> +
> +	return r;
> +}
> +static int kvm_vm_ioctl_set_mem_attributes(struct kvm *kvm,
> +					   struct kvm_memory_attributes *attrs)
> +{
> +	gfn_t start, end;
> +
> +	/* flags is currently not used. */
> +	if (attrs->flags)
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	if (attrs->attributes & ~kvm_supported_mem_attributes(kvm))
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	if (attrs->size == 0 || attrs->address + attrs->size < attrs->address)
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +	if (!PAGE_ALIGNED(attrs->address) || !PAGE_ALIGNED(attrs->size))
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	start = attrs->address >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> +	end = (attrs->address + attrs->size - 1 + PAGE_SIZE) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
> +
> +	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(start == end))
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * xarray tracks data using "unsigned long", and as a result so does
> +	 * KVM.  For simplicity, supports generic attributes only on 64-bit
> +	 * architectures.
> +	 */
> +	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(attrs->attributes) != sizeof(unsigned long));
> +
> +	return kvm_vm_set_mem_attributes(kvm, attrs->attributes, start, end);
> +}
> +#endif /* CONFIG_KVM_GENERIC_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES */
> +
>  struct kvm_memory_slot *gfn_to_memslot(struct kvm *kvm, gfn_t gfn)
>  {
>  	return __gfn_to_memslot(kvm_memslots(kvm), gfn);
> @@ -4521,6 +4667,9 @@ static int kvm_vm_ioctl_check_extension_generic(struct kvm *kvm, long arg)
>  #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_KVM_MSI
>  	case KVM_CAP_SIGNAL_MSI:
>  #endif
> +#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GENERIC_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES
> +	case KVM_CAP_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES:
> +#endif
>  #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_KVM_IRQFD
>  	case KVM_CAP_IRQFD:
>  #endif
> @@ -4937,6 +5086,27 @@ static long kvm_vm_ioctl(struct file *filp,
>  		break;
>  	}
>  #endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_KVM_IRQ_ROUTING */
> +#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_GENERIC_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES
> +	case KVM_GET_SUPPORTED_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES: {
> +		u64 attrs = kvm_supported_mem_attributes(kvm);
> +
> +		r = -EFAULT;
> +		if (copy_to_user(argp, &attrs, sizeof(attrs)))
> +			goto out;
> +		r = 0;
> +		break;
> +	}
> +	case KVM_SET_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES: {
> +		struct kvm_memory_attributes attrs;
> +
> +		r = -EFAULT;
> +		if (copy_from_user(&attrs, argp, sizeof(attrs)))
> +			goto out;
> +
> +		r = kvm_vm_ioctl_set_mem_attributes(kvm, &attrs);
> +		break;
> +	}
> +#endif /* CONFIG_KVM_GENERIC_MEMORY_ATTRIBUTES */
>  	case KVM_CREATE_DEVICE: {
>  		struct kvm_create_device cd;
>
> --
> 2.41.0.255.g8b1d071c50-goog
>