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Date:   Fri, 28 Jul 2023 11:18:22 -0700
From:   "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org>
To:     Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc:     Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>,
        Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>, Jann Horn <jannh@google.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linuxfoundation.org>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>,
        Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>,
        Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>,
        linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org,
        Andrea Parri <parri.andrea@gmail.com>,
        Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>,
        Nicholas Piggin <npiggin@gmail.com>,
        David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>,
        Jade Alglave <j.alglave@ucl.ac.uk>,
        Luc Maranget <luc.maranget@inria.fr>,
        Akira Yokosawa <akiyks@gmail.com>,
        Daniel Lustig <dlustig@nvidia.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 0/2] fix vma->anon_vma check for per-VMA locking; fix
 anon_vma memory ordering
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On Fri, Jul 28, 2023 at 02:03:09PM -0400, Joel Fernandes wrote:
> On Fri, Jul 28, 2023 at 1:51 PM Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu> wrote:
> >
> > On Fri, Jul 28, 2023 at 01:35:43PM -0400, Joel Fernandes wrote:
> > > On Fri, Jul 28, 2023 at 8:44 AM Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > On Thu, Jul 27, 2023 at 12:34:44PM -0400, Joel Fernandes wrote:
> > > > > > On Jul 27, 2023, at 10:57 AM, Will Deacon <will@kernel.org> wrote:
> > > > > > ﻿On Thu, Jul 27, 2023 at 04:39:34PM +0200, Jann Horn wrote:
> > > > > >> if (READ_ONCE(vma->anon_vma) != NULL) {
> > > > > >>  // we now know that vma->anon_vma cannot change anymore
> > > > > >>
> > > > > >>  // access the same memory location again with a plain load
> > > > > >>  struct anon_vma *a = vma->anon_vma;
> > > > > >>
> > > > > >>  // this needs to be address-dependency-ordered against one of
> > > > > >>  // the loads from vma->anon_vma
> > > > > >>  struct anon_vma *root = a->root;
> > > > > >> }
> > > > > >>
> > > > > >>
> > > > > >> Is this fine? If it is not fine just because the compiler might
> > > > > >> reorder the plain load of vma->anon_vma before the READ_ONCE() load,
> > > > > >> would it be fine after adding a barrier() directly after the
> > > > > >> READ_ONCE()?
> > > > > >
> > > > > > I'm _very_ wary of mixing READ_ONCE() and plain loads to the same variable,
> > > > > > as I've run into cases where you have sequences such as:
> > > > > >
> > > > > >    // Assume *ptr is initially 0 and somebody else writes it to 1
> > > > > >    // concurrently
> > > > > >
> > > > > >    foo = *ptr;
> > > > > >    bar = READ_ONCE(*ptr);
> > > > > >    baz = *ptr;
> > > > > >
> > > > > > and you can get foo == baz == 0 but bar == 1 because the compiler only
> > > > > > ends up reading from memory twice.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > That was the root cause behind f069faba6887 ("arm64: mm: Use READ_ONCE
> > > > > > when dereferencing pointer to pte table"), which was very unpleasant to
> > > > > > debug.
> > > > >
> > > > > Will, Unless I am missing something fundamental, this case is different though.
> > > > > This case does not care about fewer reads. As long as the first read is volatile, the subsequent loads (even plain)
> > > > > should work fine, no?
> > > > > I am not seeing how the compiler can screw that up, so please do enlighten :).
> > > >
> > > > I guess the thing I'm worried about is if there is some previous read of
> > > > 'vma->anon_vma' which didn't use READ_ONCE() and the compiler kept the
> > > > result around in a register. In that case, 'a' could be NULL, even if
> > > > the READ_ONCE(vma->anon_vma) returned non-NULL.
> > >
> > > If I can be a bit brave enough to say -- that appears to be a compiler
> > > bug to me. It seems that the compiler in such an instance violates the
> > > "Sequential Consistency Per Variable" rule? I mean if it can't even
> > > keep SCPV true for a same memory-location load (plain or not) for a
> > > sequence of code, how can it expect the hardware to.
> >
> > It's not a compiler bug.  In this example, some other thread performs a
> > write that changes vma->anon_vma from NULL to non-NULL.  This write
> > races with the plain reads, and compilers are not required to obey the
> > "Sequential Consistency Per Variable" rule (or indeed, any rule) when
> > there is a data race.
> 
> So you're saying the following code behavior is OK?
> 
> /* Say anon_vma can only ever transition from NULL to non-NULL values */
> a = vma->anon_vma;  // Reads NULL
> b = READ_ONCE(vma->anon_vma); // Reads non-NULL
> c = vma->anon_vma;  // Reads NULL!!!
> if (b) {
>   c->some_attribute++; // Oopsie
> }

Is there some way to obtain (a && !b) that does not involve a data race,
and they carte blanche for the compiler to do whatever it pleases?
I am not seeing one.

What am I missing?

							Thanx, Paul