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Date:   Thu, 14 Sep 2023 21:26:15 -0700 (PDT)
From:   Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
To:     Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
cc:     Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>,
        Yang Shi <shy828301@gmail.com>, Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>,
        syzbot <syzbot+b591856e0f0139f83023@syzkaller.appspotmail.com>,
        akpm@linux-foundation.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
        linux-mm@kvack.org, syzkaller-bugs@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: [syzbot] [mm?] kernel BUG in vma_replace_policy
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On Thu, 14 Sep 2023, Suren Baghdasaryan wrote:
> On Thu, Sep 14, 2023 at 9:24=E2=80=AFPM Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.o=
rg> wrote:
> > On Thu, Sep 14, 2023 at 08:53:59PM +0000, Suren Baghdasaryan wrote:
> > > On Thu, Sep 14, 2023 at 8:00=E2=80=AFPM Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@go=
ogle.com> wrote:
> > > > On Thu, Sep 14, 2023 at 7:09=E2=80=AFPM Matthew Wilcox <willy@infra=
dead.org> wrote:
> > > > >
> > > > > On Thu, Sep 14, 2023 at 06:20:56PM +0000, Suren Baghdasaryan wrot=
e:
> > > > > > I think I found the problem and the explanation is much simpler=
=2E While
> > > > > > walking the page range, queue_folios_pte_range() encounters an
> > > > > > unmovable page and queue_folios_pte_range() returns 1. That cau=
ses a
> > > > > > break from the loop inside walk_page_range() and no more VMAs g=
et
> > > > > > locked. After that the loop calling mbind_range() walks over al=
l VMAs,
> > > > > > even the ones which were skipped by queue_folios_pte_range() an=
d that
> > > > > > causes this BUG assertion.
> > > > > >
> > > > > > Thinking what's the right way to handle this situation (what's =
the
> > > > > > expected behavior here)...
> > > > > > I think the safest way would be to modify walk_page_range() and=
 make
> > > > > > it continue calling process_vma_walk_lock() for all VMAs in the=
 range
> > > > > > even when __walk_page_range() returns a positive err. Any objec=
tion or
> > > > > > alternative suggestions?
> > > > >
> > > > > So we only return 1 here if MPOL_MF_MOVE* & MPOL_MF_STRICT were
> > > > > specified.  That means we're going to return an error, no matter =
what,
> > > > > and there's no point in calling mbind_range().  Right?
> > > > >
> > > > > +++ b/mm/mempolicy.c
> > > > > @@ -1334,6 +1334,8 @@ static long do_mbind(unsigned long start, u=
nsigned long len,
> > > > >         ret =3D queue_pages_range(mm, start, end, nmask,
> > > > >                           flags | MPOL_MF_INVERT, &pagelist, true=
);
> > > > >
> > > > > +       if (ret =3D=3D 1)
> > > > > +               ret =3D -EIO;
> > > > >         if (ret < 0) {
> > > > >                 err =3D ret;
> > > > >                 goto up_out;
> > > > >
> > > > > (I don't really understand this code, so it can't be this simple,=
 can
> > > > > it?  Why don't we just return -EIO from queue_folios_pte_range() =
if
> > > > > this is the right answer?)
> > > >
> > > > Yeah, I'm trying to understand the expected behavior of this functi=
on
> > > > to make sure we are not missing anything. I tried a simple fix that=
 I
> > > > suggested in my previous email and it works but I want to understan=
d a
> > > > bit more about this function's logic before posting the fix.
> > >
> > > So, current functionality is that after queue_pages_range() encounter=
s
> > > an unmovable page, terminates the loop and returns 1, mbind_range()
> > > will still be called for the whole range
> > > (https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source/mm/mempolicy.c#L1345)=
,
> > > all pages in the pagelist will be migrated
> > > (https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source/mm/mempolicy.c#L1355)
> > > and only after that the -EIO code will be returned
> > > (https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source/mm/mempolicy.c#L1362)=
=2E
> > > So, if we follow Matthew's suggestion we will be altering the current
> > > behavior which I assume is not what we want to do.
> >
> > Right, I'm intentionally changing the behaviour.  My thinking is
> > that mbind(MPOL_MF_MOVE | MPOL_MF_STRICT) is going to fail.  Should
> > such a failure actually move the movable pages before reporting that
> > it failed?  I don't know.
> >
> > > The simple fix I was thinking about that would not alter this behavio=
r
> > > is smth like this:
> >
> > I don't like it, but can we run it past syzbot to be sure it solves the
> > issue and we're not chasing a ghost here?
>=20
> Yes, I just finished running the reproducer on both upstream and
> linux-next builds listed in
> https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?extid=3Db591856e0f0139f83023 and the
> problem does not happen anymore.
> I'm fine with your suggestion too, just wanted to point out it would
> introduce change in the behavior. Let me know how you want to proceed.

Well done, identifying the mysterious cause of this problem:
I'm glad to hear that you've now verified that hypothesis.

You're right, it would be a regression to follow Matthew's suggestion.

Traditionally, modulo bugs and inconsistencies, the queue_pages_range()
phase of do_mbind() has done the best it can, gathering all the pages it
can that need migration, even if some were missed; and proceeds to do the
mbind_range() phase if there was nothing "seriously" wrong (a gap causing
-EFAULT).  Then at the end, if MPOL_MF_STRICT was set, and not all the
pages could be migrated (or MOVE was not specified and not all pages
were well placed), it returns -EIO rather than 0 to inform the caller
that not all could be done.

There have been numerous tweaks, but I think most importantly
5.3's d883544515aa ("mm: mempolicy: make the behavior consistent when
MPOL_MF_MOVE* and MPOL_MF_STRICT were specified") added those "return 1"s
which stop the pagewalk early.  In my opinion, not an improvement - makes
it harder to get mbind() to do the best job it can (or is it justified as
what you're asking for if you say STRICT?).

But whatever, it would be a further regression for mbind() not to have
done the mbind_range(), even though it goes on to return -EIO.

I had a bad first reaction to your walk_page_range() patch (was expecting
to see vma_start_write()s in mbind_range()), but perhaps your patch is
exactly what process_mm_walk_lock() does now demand.

[Why is Hugh responding on this?  Because I have some long-standing
mm/mempolicy.c patches to submit next week, but in reviewing what I
could or could not afford to get into at this time, had decided I'd
better stay out of queue_pages_range() for now - beyond the trivial
preferring an MPOL_MF_WRLOCK flag to your bool lock_vma.]

Hugh
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