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TLSv1.3 with cipher TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 (256/256 bits) key-exchange X25519 server-signature ECDSA (P-521) server-digest SHA512) (No client certificate requested) by imap2.suse-dmz.suse.de (Postfix) with ESMTPS id AA4C91358A; Mon, 18 Sep 2023 13:18:15 +0000 (UTC) Received: from dovecot-director2.suse.de ([192.168.254.65]) by imap2.suse-dmz.suse.de with ESMTPSA id oaKDKRdOCGXfEgAAMHmgww (envelope-from ); Mon, 18 Sep 2023 13:18:15 +0000 Received: by quack3.suse.cz (Postfix, from userid 1000) id 33B39A0759; Mon, 18 Sep 2023 15:18:15 +0200 (CEST) Date: Mon, 18 Sep 2023 15:18:15 +0200 From: Jan Kara To: Mirsad Todorovac Cc: Jan Kara , Philipp Stanner , linux-fsdevel@vger.kernel.org, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org, Matthew Wilcox , Chris Mason , Andrew Morton , Josef Bacik , David Sterba , linux-btrfs@vger.kernel.org, linux-mm@kvack.org, Yury Norov Subject: Re: [PATCH v1 1/1] xarray: fix the data-race in xas_find_chunk() by using READ_ONCE() Message-ID: <20230918131815.otjqgu3zhigsst64@quack3> References: <20230918044739.29782-1-mirsad.todorovac@alu.unizg.hr> <20230918094116.2mgquyxhnxcawxfu@quack3> <22ca3ad4-42ef-43bc-51d0-78aaf274977b@alu.unizg.hr> <20230918113840.h3mmnuyer44e5bc5@quack3> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8 Content-Disposition: inline Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit In-Reply-To: X-Spam-Status: No, score=-0.9 required=5.0 tests=DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID, DKIM_VALID_AU,HEADER_FROM_DIFFERENT_DOMAINS,MAILING_LIST_MULTI, SPF_HELO_NONE,SPF_PASS autolearn=unavailable autolearn_force=no version=3.4.6 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.6 (2021-04-09) on pete.vger.email Precedence: bulk List-ID: X-Mailing-List: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org X-Greylist: Sender passed SPF test, not delayed by milter-greylist-4.6.4 (pete.vger.email [0.0.0.0]); Mon, 18 Sep 2023 09:55:31 -0700 (PDT) On Mon 18-09-23 14:46:02, Mirsad Todorovac wrote: > On 9/18/23 13:38, Jan Kara wrote: > > On Mon 18-09-23 12:20:09, Mirsad Todorovac wrote: > > > On 9/18/23 11:41, Jan Kara wrote: > > > > On Mon 18-09-23 06:47:40, Mirsad Goran Todorovac wrote: > > > > > KCSAN has discovered the following data-race: > > > > > > > > > > [ 206.510010] ================================================================== > > > > > [ 206.510035] BUG: KCSAN: data-race in xas_clear_mark / xas_find_marked > > > > > > > > > > [ 206.510067] write to 0xffff963df6a90fe0 of 8 bytes by interrupt on cpu 22: > > > > > [ 206.510081] xas_clear_mark (./arch/x86/include/asm/bitops.h:178 ./include/asm-generic/bitops/instrumented-non-atomic.h:115 lib/xarray.c:102 lib/xarray.c:914) > > > > > [ 206.510097] __xa_clear_mark (lib/xarray.c:1923) > > > > > [ 206.510114] __folio_end_writeback (mm/page-writeback.c:2981) > > > > > [ 206.510128] folio_end_writeback (mm/filemap.c:1616) > > > > > [ 206.510143] end_page_writeback (mm/folio-compat.c:28) > > > > > [ 206.510155] btrfs_page_clear_writeback (fs/btrfs/subpage.c:646) btrfs > > > > > [ 206.510994] end_bio_extent_writepage (./include/linux/bio.h:84 fs/btrfs/extent_io.c:542) btrfs > > > > > [ 206.511817] __btrfs_bio_end_io (fs/btrfs/bio.c:117 fs/btrfs/bio.c:112) btrfs > > > > > [ 206.512640] btrfs_orig_bbio_end_io (fs/btrfs/bio.c:164) btrfs > > > > > [ 206.513497] btrfs_simple_end_io (fs/btrfs/bio.c:380) btrfs > > > > > [ 206.514350] bio_endio (block/bio.c:1617) > > > > > [ 206.514362] blk_mq_end_request_batch (block/blk-mq.c:837 block/blk-mq.c:1073) > > > > > [ 206.514377] nvme_pci_complete_batch (drivers/nvme/host/pci.c:986) nvme > > > > > [ 206.514437] nvme_irq (drivers/nvme/host/pci.c:1086) nvme > > > > > [ 206.514500] __handle_irq_event_percpu (kernel/irq/handle.c:158) > > > > > [ 206.514517] handle_irq_event (kernel/irq/handle.c:195 kernel/irq/handle.c:210) > > > > > [ 206.514533] handle_edge_irq (kernel/irq/chip.c:836) > > > > > [ 206.514549] __common_interrupt (./include/linux/irqdesc.h:161 arch/x86/kernel/irq.c:238 arch/x86/kernel/irq.c:257) > > > > > [ 206.514563] common_interrupt (arch/x86/kernel/irq.c:247 (discriminator 14)) > > > > > [ 206.514583] asm_common_interrupt (./arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:636) > > > > > [ 206.514599] kcsan_setup_watchpoint (kernel/kcsan/core.c:705 (discriminator 1)) > > > > > [ 206.514612] __tsan_read8 (kernel/kcsan/core.c:1025) > > > > > [ 206.514626] steal_from_bitmap.part.0 (./include/linux/find.h:186 fs/btrfs/free-space-cache.c:2557 fs/btrfs/free-space-cache.c:2613) btrfs > > > > > [ 206.515491] __btrfs_add_free_space (fs/btrfs/free-space-cache.c:2689 fs/btrfs/free-space-cache.c:2667) btrfs > > > > > [ 206.516361] btrfs_add_free_space_async_trimmed (fs/btrfs/free-space-cache.c:2798) btrfs > > > > > [ 206.517231] add_new_free_space (fs/btrfs/block-group.c:550) btrfs > > > > > [ 206.518095] load_free_space_tree (fs/btrfs/free-space-tree.c:1595 fs/btrfs/free-space-tree.c:1658) btrfs > > > > > [ 206.518953] caching_thread (fs/btrfs/block-group.c:873) btrfs > > > > > [ 206.519800] btrfs_work_helper (fs/btrfs/async-thread.c:314) btrfs > > > > > [ 206.520643] process_one_work (kernel/workqueue.c:2600) > > > > > [ 206.520658] worker_thread (./include/linux/list.h:292 kernel/workqueue.c:2752) > > > > > [ 206.520672] kthread (kernel/kthread.c:389) > > > > > [ 206.520684] ret_from_fork (arch/x86/kernel/process.c:145) > > > > > [ 206.520701] ret_from_fork_asm (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:312) > > > > > > > > > > [ 206.520722] read to 0xffff963df6a90fe0 of 8 bytes by task 2793 on cpu 6: > > > > > [ 206.520735] xas_find_marked (./include/linux/xarray.h:1706 lib/xarray.c:1354) > > > > > [ 206.520750] filemap_get_folios_tag (mm/filemap.c:1975 mm/filemap.c:2273) > > > > > [ 206.520763] __filemap_fdatawait_range (mm/filemap.c:519) > > > > > [ 206.520777] filemap_fdatawait_range (mm/filemap.c:556) > > > > > [ 206.520790] btrfs_wait_ordered_range (fs/btrfs/ordered-data.c:839) btrfs > > > > > [ 206.521641] btrfs_sync_file (fs/btrfs/file.c:1859) btrfs > > > > > [ 206.522495] vfs_fsync_range (fs/sync.c:188) > > > > > [ 206.522509] __x64_sys_fsync (./include/linux/file.h:45 fs/sync.c:213 fs/sync.c:220 fs/sync.c:218 fs/sync.c:218) > > > > > [ 206.522522] do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80) > > > > > [ 206.522535] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:120) > > > > > > > > > > [ 206.522557] value changed: 0xfffffffffff80000 -> 0xfffffffffff00000 > > > > > > > > > > [ 206.522574] Reported by Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer on: > > > > > [ 206.522585] CPU: 6 PID: 2793 Comm: tracker-extract Tainted: G L 6.5.0-rc6+ #44 > > > > > [ 206.522600] Hardware name: ASRock X670E PG Lightning/X670E PG Lightning, BIOS 1.21 04/26/2023 > > > > > [ 206.522608] ================================================================== > > > > > > > > Thanks for working on this. I guess the full KCSAN warning isn't that > > > > useful in the changelog. Rather I'd spend more time explaining the real > > > > problem here ... > > > > > > > > > As Jan Kara explained, the problem is in the function xas_find_chuck(): > > > > > > > > > > /* Private */ > > > > > static inline unsigned int xas_find_chunk(struct xa_state *xas, bool advance, > > > > > xa_mark_t mark) > > > > > { > > > > > unsigned long *addr = xas->xa_node->marks[(__force unsigned)mark]; > > > > > unsigned int offset = xas->xa_offset; > > > > > > > > > > if (advance) > > > > > offset++; > > > > > if (XA_CHUNK_SIZE == BITS_PER_LONG) { > > > > > if (offset < XA_CHUNK_SIZE) { > > > > > → unsigned long data = *addr & (~0UL << offset); > > > > > if (data) > > > > > return __ffs(data); > > > > > > > > ... which is that xas_find_chunk() is called only under RCU protection and > > > > thus the two uses of 'data' in the above code can yield different results. > > > > > > > > > } > > > > > return XA_CHUNK_SIZE; > > > > > } > > > > > > > > > > return find_next_bit(addr, XA_CHUNK_SIZE, offset); > > > > > } > > > > > > > > > > In particular, the line > > > > > > > > > > unsigned long data = *addr & (~0UL << offset); > > > > > > > > > > contains a data race that is best avoided using READ_ONCE(), which eliminated the KCSAN > > > > > data-race warning completely. > > > > > > > > Yes, this improves the situation for xarray use on 64-bit architectures but > > > > doesn't fix cases on 32-bit archs or if CONFIG_BASE_SMALL is set. As I > > > > mentioned in my previous reply, I'd rather: > > > > > > > > 1) Fix find_next_bit(), find_first_bit() and related functions in > > > > lib/find_bit.c to use READ_ONCE() - such as _find_first_bit() etc. It is > > > > quite some churn but I don't see how else to make these functions safe when > > > > the underlying contents can change. > > > > > > Thank you for your review. > > > > > > I assume you have the big picture, but just a stupid question: > > > > > > if (XA_CHUNK_SIZE == BITS_PER_LONG) { > > > if (offset < XA_CHUNK_SIZE) { > > > unsigned long data = READ_ONCE(*addr) & (~0UL << offset); > > > if (data) > > > return __ffs(data); > > > } > > > return XA_CHUNK_SIZE; > > > } > > > > > > I would hate to argue, but ... > > > > No problem, asking questions isn't argueing ;). > > > > > Wouldn't BITS_PER_LONG simply change to 32 on 32-bit architectures? > > > > Yes, they will. But XA_CHUNK_SIZE will still be 64 on 32-bit AFAICT so > > XA_CHUNK_SIZE != BITS_PER_LONG there. > > Ah, I see. This is definitely not good. But I managed to fix and test the find_next_bit() > family, but this seems that simply > > ------------------------------------------- > include/linux/xarray.h | 8 -------- > 1 file changed, 8 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/include/linux/xarray.h b/include/linux/xarray.h > index 1715fd322d62..89918b65b00d 100644 > --- a/include/linux/xarray.h > +++ b/include/linux/xarray.h > @@ -1718,14 +1718,6 @@ static inline unsigned int xas_find_chunk(struct xa_state *xas, bool advance, > if (advance) > offset++; > - if (XA_CHUNK_SIZE == BITS_PER_LONG) { > - if (offset < XA_CHUNK_SIZE) { > - unsigned long data = READ_ONCE(*addr) & (~0UL << offset); > - if (data) > - return __ffs(data); > - } > - return XA_CHUNK_SIZE; > - } > return find_next_bit(addr, XA_CHUNK_SIZE, offset); > } > > seems too good to be true. > > According to what you explained, the performance impact would be negligent or non-existing, > and the CONFIG_BASE_SMALL problem would disappear? If you fix find_next_bit(), then this will fix xas_find_chunk(), yes. > I did not even try to run that, as I am not 100% confident in the logic. > > Am I doing something very wrong? No, this is exactly what I think needs to happen. > > > Is there something I am missing? > > > > > > From include/asm-generic/bitsperlong.h: > > > ---------------------------------------- > > > #ifdef CONFIG_64BIT > > > #define BITS_PER_LONG 64 > > > #else > > > #define BITS_PER_LONG 32 > > > #endif /* CONFIG_64BIT */ > > > > > > About the CONFIG_BASE_SMALL I cannot tell: > > > ---------------------------------------- > > > #ifndef XA_CHUNK_SHIFT > > > #define XA_CHUNK_SHIFT (CONFIG_BASE_SMALL ? 4 : 6) > > > #endif > > > #define XA_CHUNK_SIZE (1UL << XA_CHUNK_SHIFT) > > > #define XA_CHUNK_MASK (XA_CHUNK_SIZE - 1) > > > #define XA_MAX_MARKS 3 > > > #define XA_MARK_LONGS DIV_ROUND_UP(XA_CHUNK_SIZE, BITS_PER_LONG) > > > ---------------------------------------- > > > > Again with CONFIG_BASE_SMALL we have XA_CHUNK_SIZE == 16 so it will not be > > equal to BITS_PER_LONG. > > > I see why you would want find_next_bit() and find_first_bit() fixed, but > > > I am not that deep into those bitops, so I guess I cannot make this in > > > one step ... Probably it would require a lot of homework. > > > > > > _find_*_bit() functions and/or macros cause quite a number of KCSAN BUG warnings: > > > > > > 95 _find_first_and_bit (lib/find_bit.c:114 (discriminator 10)) > > > 31 _find_first_zero_bit (lib/find_bit.c:125 (discriminator 10)) > > > 173 _find_next_and_bit (lib/find_bit.c:171 (discriminator 2)) > > > 655 _find_next_bit (lib/find_bit.c:133 (discriminator 2)) > > > 5 _find_next_zero_bit > > > > > > ... but I am simply not certain what is the right thing to do ATM about > > > those and whether they are false positives. > > > > Well, it would require some auditing to be sure but there is at least one > > user of these functions (xarray) where the problem is real so given the fix > > has no real runtime cost the fix looks justified. > > > > > AFAICS, READ_ONCE() here solves the case of 64 and 32 architectures which is > > > an incremental step, and it works ... I am just not ready for an > > > universal solution ATM. > > > > > > > 2) Change xas_find_chunk() to unconditionally use find_next_bit() as the > > > > special case XA_CHUNK_SIZE == BITS_PER_LONG seems pointless these days > > > > because find_next_bit() is inline and does small_const_nbits(size) check. > > > > > > I see your point. A generalised solution would of course be better. But > > > from the report about data-races in those functions it seems that they > > > need a major rethink. It isn't that obvious to me what should be > > > READ_ONCE()-ed in a bit field ... > > > > Well, it's actually not that difficult. They all need a treatment like: > > > > unsigned long _find_next_bit(const unsigned long *addr, unsigned long nbits, uns > > { > > - return FIND_NEXT_BIT(addr[idx], /* nop */, nbits, start); > > + return FIND_NEXT_BIT(READ_ONCE(addr[idx]), /* nop */, nbits, start); > > } > > > > > > > Those functions are extensively used throughout the kernel and I get the > > > notion it is a job for someone with more experience ... > > > > Sure, if you don't feel like doing the general change, I can look into it > > myself. > > > > Honza > > Hi, > > I tried this patch and the > > > > 95 _find_first_and_bit (lib/find_bit.c:114 (discriminator 10)) > > > 31 _find_first_zero_bit (lib/find_bit.c:125 (discriminator 10)) > > > 173 _find_next_and_bit (lib/find_bit.c:171 (discriminator 2)) > > > 655 _find_next_bit (lib/find_bit.c:133 (discriminator 2)) > > > 5 _find_next_zero_bit > > data-races do not seem to appear any longer. Yup. You've just missed one case in _find_last_bit() and then all the functions in include/linux/find.h need a similar treatment... Honza > > -------------------------------------------------------- > lib/find_bit.c | 33 +++++++++++++++++---------------- > 1 file changed, 17 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/lib/find_bit.c b/lib/find_bit.c > index 32f99e9a670e..56244e4f744e 100644 > --- a/lib/find_bit.c > +++ b/lib/find_bit.c > @@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ > #include > #include > #include > +#include > /* > * Common helper for find_bit() function family > @@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ out: \ > */ > unsigned long _find_first_bit(const unsigned long *addr, unsigned long size) > { > - return FIND_FIRST_BIT(addr[idx], /* nop */, size); > + return FIND_FIRST_BIT(READ_ONCE(addr[idx]), /* nop */, size); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_first_bit); > #endif > @@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ unsigned long _find_first_and_bit(const unsigned long *addr1, > const unsigned long *addr2, > unsigned long size) > { > - return FIND_FIRST_BIT(addr1[idx] & addr2[idx], /* nop */, size); > + return FIND_FIRST_BIT(READ_ONCE(addr1[idx]) & READ_ONCE(addr2[idx]), /* nop */, size); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_first_and_bit); > #endif > @@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_first_and_bit); > */ > unsigned long _find_first_zero_bit(const unsigned long *addr, unsigned long size) > { > - return FIND_FIRST_BIT(~addr[idx], /* nop */, size); > + return FIND_FIRST_BIT(~READ_ONCE(addr[idx]), /* nop */, size); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_first_zero_bit); > #endif > @@ -130,28 +131,28 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_first_zero_bit); > #ifndef find_next_bit > unsigned long _find_next_bit(const unsigned long *addr, unsigned long nbits, unsigned long start) > { > - return FIND_NEXT_BIT(addr[idx], /* nop */, nbits, start); > + return FIND_NEXT_BIT(READ_ONCE(addr[idx]), /* nop */, nbits, start); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_next_bit); > #endif > unsigned long __find_nth_bit(const unsigned long *addr, unsigned long size, unsigned long n) > { > - return FIND_NTH_BIT(addr[idx], size, n); > + return FIND_NTH_BIT(READ_ONCE(addr[idx]), size, n); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(__find_nth_bit); > unsigned long __find_nth_and_bit(const unsigned long *addr1, const unsigned long *addr2, > unsigned long size, unsigned long n) > { > - return FIND_NTH_BIT(addr1[idx] & addr2[idx], size, n); > + return FIND_NTH_BIT(READ_ONCE(addr1[idx]) & READ_ONCE(addr2[idx]), size, n); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(__find_nth_and_bit); > unsigned long __find_nth_andnot_bit(const unsigned long *addr1, const unsigned long *addr2, > unsigned long size, unsigned long n) > { > - return FIND_NTH_BIT(addr1[idx] & ~addr2[idx], size, n); > + return FIND_NTH_BIT(READ_ONCE(addr1[idx]) & ~READ_ONCE(addr2[idx]), size, n); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(__find_nth_andnot_bit); > @@ -160,7 +161,7 @@ unsigned long __find_nth_and_andnot_bit(const unsigned long *addr1, > const unsigned long *addr3, > unsigned long size, unsigned long n) > { > - return FIND_NTH_BIT(addr1[idx] & addr2[idx] & ~addr3[idx], size, n); > + return FIND_NTH_BIT(READ_ONCE(addr1[idx]) & READ_ONCE(addr2[idx]) & ~READ_ONCE(addr3[idx]), size, n); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(__find_nth_and_andnot_bit); > @@ -168,7 +169,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(__find_nth_and_andnot_bit); > unsigned long _find_next_and_bit(const unsigned long *addr1, const unsigned long *addr2, > unsigned long nbits, unsigned long start) > { > - return FIND_NEXT_BIT(addr1[idx] & addr2[idx], /* nop */, nbits, start); > + return FIND_NEXT_BIT(READ_ONCE(addr1[idx]) & READ_ONCE(addr2[idx]), /* nop */, nbits, start); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_next_and_bit); > #endif > @@ -177,7 +178,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_next_and_bit); > unsigned long _find_next_andnot_bit(const unsigned long *addr1, const unsigned long *addr2, > unsigned long nbits, unsigned long start) > { > - return FIND_NEXT_BIT(addr1[idx] & ~addr2[idx], /* nop */, nbits, start); > + return FIND_NEXT_BIT(READ_ONCE(addr1[idx]) & ~READ_ONCE(addr2[idx]), /* nop */, nbits, start); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_next_andnot_bit); > #endif > @@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_next_andnot_bit); > unsigned long _find_next_or_bit(const unsigned long *addr1, const unsigned long *addr2, > unsigned long nbits, unsigned long start) > { > - return FIND_NEXT_BIT(addr1[idx] | addr2[idx], /* nop */, nbits, start); > + return FIND_NEXT_BIT(READ_ONCE(addr1[idx]) | READ_ONCE(addr2[idx]), /* nop */, nbits, start); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_next_or_bit); > #endif > @@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_next_or_bit); > unsigned long _find_next_zero_bit(const unsigned long *addr, unsigned long nbits, > unsigned long start) > { > - return FIND_NEXT_BIT(~addr[idx], /* nop */, nbits, start); > + return FIND_NEXT_BIT(~READ_ONCE(addr[idx]), /* nop */, nbits, start); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_next_zero_bit); > #endif > @@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ unsigned long _find_last_bit(const unsigned long *addr, unsigned long size) > unsigned long idx = (size-1) / BITS_PER_LONG; > do { > - val &= addr[idx]; > + val &= READ_ONCE(addr[idx]); > if (val) > return idx * BITS_PER_LONG + __fls(val); > @@ -242,7 +243,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(find_next_clump8); > */ > unsigned long _find_first_zero_bit_le(const unsigned long *addr, unsigned long size) > { > - return FIND_FIRST_BIT(~addr[idx], swab, size); > + return FIND_FIRST_BIT(~READ_ONCE(addr[idx]), swab, size); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_first_zero_bit_le); > @@ -252,7 +253,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_first_zero_bit_le); > unsigned long _find_next_zero_bit_le(const unsigned long *addr, > unsigned long size, unsigned long offset) > { > - return FIND_NEXT_BIT(~addr[idx], swab, size, offset); > + return FIND_NEXT_BIT(~READ_ONCE(addr[idx]), swab, size, offset); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_next_zero_bit_le); > #endif > @@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_next_zero_bit_le); > unsigned long _find_next_bit_le(const unsigned long *addr, > unsigned long size, unsigned long offset) > { > - return FIND_NEXT_BIT(addr[idx], swab, size, offset); > + return FIND_NEXT_BIT(READ_ONCE(addr[idx]), swab, size, offset); > } > EXPORT_SYMBOL(_find_next_bit_le); > -- -- Jan Kara SUSE Labs, CR