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From:   Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com>
Date:   Fri, 6 Oct 2023 17:32:58 -0400
Message-ID: <CAMzpN2jdGc1P4Ha_sO5RZv8M9RsHPA+KU3a9c5BdgX5O3D5Jew@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v2 0/6] x86: Clean up fast syscall return validation
To:     "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc:     Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>, linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org,
        x86@kernel.org, Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>,
        Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>,
        Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org>,
        =?UTF-8?Q?Mika_Penttil=C3=A4?= <mpenttil@redhat.com>,
        Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>,
        Uros Bizjak <ubizjak@gmail.com>,
        Denys Vlasenko <dvlasenk@redhat.com>,
        Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>,
        Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
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On Fri, Oct 6, 2023 at 2:59=E2=80=AFPM H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> wrote=
:
>
> On 10/5/23 13:20, Ingo Molnar wrote:
> >
> > * Brian Gerst <brgerst@gmail.com> wrote:
> >
> >> Looking at the compiled output, the only suboptimal code appears to be
> >> the canonical address test, where the C code uses the CL register for
> >> the shifts instead of immediates.
> >>
> >>   180:   e9 00 00 00 00          jmp    185 <do_syscall_64+0x85>
> >>                          181: R_X86_64_PC32      .altinstr_aux-0x4
> >>   185:   b9 07 00 00 00          mov    $0x7,%ecx
> >>   18a:   eb 05                   jmp    191 <do_syscall_64+0x91>
> >>   18c:   b9 10 00 00 00          mov    $0x10,%ecx
> >>   191:   48 89 c2                mov    %rax,%rdx
> >>   194:   48 d3 e2                shl    %cl,%rdx
> >>   197:   48 d3 fa                sar    %cl,%rdx
> >>   19a:   48 39 d0                cmp    %rdx,%rax
> >>   19d:   75 39                   jne    1d8 <do_syscall_64+0xd8>
> >
> > Yeah, it didn't look equivalent - so I guess we want a C equivalent for=
:
> >
> > -       ALTERNATIVE "shl $(64 - 48), %rcx; sar $(64 - 48), %rcx", \
> > -               "shl $(64 - 57), %rcx; sar $(64 - 57), %rcx", X86_FEATU=
RE_LA57
> >
> > instead of the pgtable_l5_enabled() runtime test that
> > __is_canonical_address() uses?
> >
>
> I don't think such a thing (without simply duplicate the above as an
> alternative asm, which is obviously easy enough, and still allows the
> compiler to pick the register used) would be possible without immediate
> patching support[*].
>
> Incidentally, this is a question for Uros: is there a reason this is a
> mov to %ecx and not just %cl, which would save 3 bytes?
>
> Incidentally, it is possible to save one instruction and use only *one*
> alternative immediate:
>
>         leaq (%rax,%rax),%rdx
>         xorq %rax,%rdx
>         shrq $(63 - LA),%rdx            # Yes, 63, not 64
>         # ZF=3D1 if canonical
>
> This works because if bit [x] is set in the output, then bit [x] and
> [x-1] in the input are different (bit [-1] considered to be zero); and
> by definition a bit is canonical if and only if all the bits [63:LA] are
> identical, thus bits [63:LA+1] in the output must all be zero.
>
> The first two instructions are pure arithmetic and can thus be done in C:
>
>         bar =3D foo ^ (foo << 1);
>
> ... leaving only one instruction needing to be patched at runtime.
>
>         -hpa

One other alternative I have been considering is comparing against
TASK_SIZE_MAX.  The only user-executable address above that is the
long deprecated vsyscall page.  IMHO it's not worth optimizing for
that case, so just let it fall back to using IRET.

    if (unlikely(regs->ip >=3D TASK_SIZE_MAX)) return false;

compiles to:

 180:   48 b9 00 f0 ff ff ff    movabs $0x7ffffffff000,%rcx
 187:   7f 00 00
 18a:   48 39 c8                cmp    %rcx,%rax
 18d:   73 39                   jae    1c8 <do_syscall_64+0xc8>

0000000000000000 <.altinstr_replacement>:
   0:   48 b9 00 f0 ff ff ff    movabs $0xfffffffffff000,%rcx
   7:   ff ff 00

Brian Gerst