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From:   "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
To:     Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc:     <linux-mm@kvack.org>, <linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org>,
        Arjan Van De Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>,
        Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>,
        Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>,
        David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>,
        Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>,
        Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>,
        Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>,
        Pavel Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com>,
        Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>,
        "Christoph Lameter" <cl@linux.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH 01/10] mm, pcp: avoid to drain PCP when process exit
References: <20230920061856.257597-1-ying.huang@intel.com>
        <20230920061856.257597-2-ying.huang@intel.com>
        <20231011124610.4punxroovolyvmgr@techsingularity.net>
Date:   Thu, 12 Oct 2023 20:21:06 +0800
In-Reply-To: <20231011124610.4punxroovolyvmgr@techsingularity.net> (Mel
        Gorman's message of "Wed, 11 Oct 2023 13:46:10 +0100")
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Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net> writes:

> On Wed, Sep 20, 2023 at 02:18:47PM +0800, Huang Ying wrote:
>> In commit f26b3fa04611 ("mm/page_alloc: limit number of high-order
>> pages on PCP during bulk free"), the PCP (Per-CPU Pageset) will be
>> drained when PCP is mostly used for high-order pages freeing to
>> improve the cache-hot pages reusing between page allocation and
>> freeing CPUs.
>> 
>> But, the PCP draining mechanism may be triggered unexpectedly when
>> process exits.  With some customized trace point, it was found that
>> PCP draining (free_high == true) was triggered with the order-1 page
>> freeing with the following call stack,
>> 
>>  => free_unref_page_commit
>>  => free_unref_page
>>  => __mmdrop
>>  => exit_mm
>>  => do_exit
>>  => do_group_exit
>>  => __x64_sys_exit_group
>>  => do_syscall_64
>> 
>> Checking the source code, this is the page table PGD
>> freeing (mm_free_pgd()).  It's a order-1 page freeing if
>> CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION=y.  Which is a common configuration for
>> security.
>> 
>> Just before that, page freeing with the following call stack was
>> found,
>> 
>>  => free_unref_page_commit
>>  => free_unref_page_list
>>  => release_pages
>>  => tlb_batch_pages_flush
>>  => tlb_finish_mmu
>>  => exit_mmap
>>  => __mmput
>>  => exit_mm
>>  => do_exit
>>  => do_group_exit
>>  => __x64_sys_exit_group
>>  => do_syscall_64
>> 
>> So, when a process exits,
>> 
>> - a large number of user pages of the process will be freed without
>>   page allocation, it's highly possible that pcp->free_factor becomes
>>   > 0.
>> 
>> - after freeing all user pages, the PGD will be freed, which is a
>>   order-1 page freeing, PCP will be drained.
>> 
>> All in all, when a process exits, it's high possible that the PCP will
>> be drained.  This is an unexpected behavior.
>> 
>> To avoid this, in the patch, the PCP draining will only be triggered
>> for 2 consecutive high-order page freeing.
>> 
>> On a 2-socket Intel server with 224 logical CPU, we tested kbuild on
>> one socket with `make -j 112`.  With the patch, the build time
>> decreases 3.4% (from 206s to 199s).  The cycles% of the spinlock
>> contention (mostly for zone lock) decreases from 43.6% to 40.3% (with
>> PCP size == 361).  The number of PCP draining for high order pages
>> freeing (free_high) decreases 50.8%.
>> 
>> This helps network workload too for reduced zone lock contention.  On
>> a 2-socket Intel server with 128 logical CPU, with the patch, the
>> network bandwidth of the UNIX (AF_UNIX) test case of lmbench test
>> suite with 16-pair processes increase 17.1%.  The cycles% of the
>> spinlock contention (mostly for zone lock) decreases from 50.0% to
>> 45.8%.  The number of PCP draining for high order pages
>> freeing (free_high) decreases 27.4%.  The cache miss rate keeps 0.3%.
>> 
>> Signed-off-by: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
>
> Acked-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
>
> However, I want to note that batching on exit is not necessarily
> unexpected. For processes that are multi-TB in size, the time to exit
> can actually be quite large and batching is of benefit but optimising
> for exit is rarely a winning strategy. The pattern of "all allocs on CPU
> B and all frees on CPU B" or "short-lived tasks triggering a premature
> drain" is a bit more compelling but not worth a changelog rewrite.
>> 
>> diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h
>> index 4106fbc5b4b3..64d5ed2bb724 100644
>> --- a/include/linux/mmzone.h
>> +++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h
>> @@ -676,12 +676,15 @@ enum zone_watermarks {
>>  #define high_wmark_pages(z) (z->_watermark[WMARK_HIGH] + z->watermark_boost)
>>  #define wmark_pages(z, i) (z->_watermark[i] + z->watermark_boost)
>>  
>> +#define	PCPF_PREV_FREE_HIGH_ORDER	0x01
>> +
>
> The meaning of the flag and its intent should have been documented.

Sure.  Will add comments for the flags.

--
Best Regards,
Huang, Ying